Ingabe uyazi ukuthi ubani wadala wonke kuqala? Lapho-ke yasungulwa, futhi ngubani umlobi

Enye yezinto ezinkulu e womhlaba kokusungulwa emhlabeni wonke, okuyinto kulula ukukhumbula indawo olwandle, nasemachibini, amazwekazi, iziqhingi, amahlathi emvula, ezingwadule futhi ice nokunye. Ngemva kwalokho, le nto emangalisayo lwapheleliswa ososayensi eminingi emhlabeni wonke. Kube anakho indaba yakhe siqu lasendulo futhi kunalokho kuyajabulisa.

Ngubani odale wonke kuqala? Ngakule okusungulile namanje ubilise nogqozi.

Kuyini Globe?

Globe kusukela lesiLatin elithi Globus kusho ibhola.

Le mephu isithombe phezu ibhola, olondolozela wabuka usesimweni kanye nosayizi isilinganiso (izikwele). Globes ezahlukene ezindawo ukuthi ukubonisa ebusweni Zomhlaba, ebusweni kwenyanga, njll imbulunga yasezulwini.

Ngaphambi kwakukhona umqondo eyindilinga ukuma Umhlaba, le Globes sokuqala ngqa yasezulwini zadalwa. Lezi isithombe eyindilinga kwesibhakabhaka, ayesevele aziwa eGibhithe lasendulo.

Umlando okuvela wonke

Okokuqala Globe umsuka ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile, (yangekhulu II-), okuyinto edala umuntu umsunguli owathanda izinkondlo kakhulu. Kwakuwusuku usosayensi-isazi sefilosofi, philologist okuthiwa Crathes Malossky. Kwaphela izinsuku ezingu-ingabe wayengazithethelela ulalele inkondlo "The Odyssey", futhi ngokuvamile ngemva kokulalela waphayona kumephu bonke imizila ababeyile protagonist. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakuvele kwaziwa mayelana ukuma eyindilinga zomhlaba, ngakho ngesineke ibhola.

Nakuba isihloko lesi ifaniswe ezingeni lolwazi ngalezo zikhathi, kodwa kwaba one real. Abaphila Besikhathi, yena bayazisa kahle, kodwa ngaphakathi amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, ngokuthi ngubani umlobi wokuqala wonke, sekulibalekile.

Ngo-1492 eNuremberg (eJalimane) sidaliwe nangenye imbulunga ngenhloso nangama okutholakele ezindawo amatilosi isiPutukezi. Ngakho, usosayensi Martin Behaim ukhushuliwe umsunguli wokuqala wonke.

I-Globe yabizwa ngokuthi "Umhlaba apula". Wayemelela a ibhola wenza metal usayizi ububanzi hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-50 cm. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izwekazi namanje Melika ke ubengekho, ngenxa ukutholakala yayo uColumbus esikhathini sakamuva. Futhi yembulunga akazange nobude, kodwa kube ezishisayo kanye meridians, futhi kwaba incazelo emfushane lamazwe. Manje wonke lokuqala (1492) lilondolozwe eNuremberg Museum.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla, inani elikhulu esiyingqayizivele kunazo, ngisho nanezinkinga ezingalindelekile, Globes nge osayizi zinkulu, imiklamo nezinto zokwakha. Kodwa ezimbili zezinhloli Kulezi zimo angeke sehluleke ingasaphathwa lapha: omkhulu futhi engavamile kakhulu futhi ubudala.

Ngubani odale wonke kuqala - the enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni

Inkampani American idale imbulunga giant DeLorme Eartha. Le nhlangano eba kanye amabalazwe GPS-navigation system.

I ububanzi we imbulunga 12.6 amamitha elimelela ukuphakama kwesakhiwo 4-storey. Manje elale ndalo esiyingqayizivele itholakala Yarmouth eMelika.

Globe giant ikhadi 792 ucezu, ukukhwezwa phakathi imishudo ukucasha phezu ifreyimu ezinkulu. Isici sokugcina kwakhiwa kusuka 6 izinkulungwane amapayipi aluminium. Isici kwalesi sakhiwo omangalisayo futhi iqiniso ukuthi uhlala esakhiweni ingilazi, futhi akhanyiswe kusuka ngaphakathi, onikeza ke i ukubukeka engavamile.

Lokhu wobuciko likhona Guinness Book of Records.

American wonke endala

Ngubani odale wonke lokuqala e-Amerikha? echazwe Okulandelayo into efanayo, futhi, iyona endala.

Kuye kwatholakala ososayensi ukuthi yenziwa kusukela Shellac nentshe Iqanda neengcezu ethe njo (polymer zemvelo). Ikhadi ngokwayo ezibaziweyo ku igobolondo.

Kodwa umbuzo owadala wonke kuqala esibonisa aseMelika, zingaphendulwa, akwaziwa. Kungani?

Globe emthonjeni omkhulu nentshe iqanda lokuqala lapho wayechazwa Melika, futhi uye wahlala kuze kube yilolu suku. Kodwa kwakunzima ukumisa usuku oluqondile kanye kumdlali, ngenxa ukungabi endabeni noma iziphi izimpawu kanye ahlanganisiwe.

Ososayensi baye basikisela ukuthi Globe yadalwa workshop uLeonardo da Vinci, njengoba kukhona ezinye imidwebo, imisebenzi sici umculi omkhulu. Emelelwa ngale ndaba ungene ngemvume amazwekazi Latin, izilwane ezahlukene, noma ngisho umuntu-Itilosi, ngubani iphahlazeka.

UDkt Missine (philologist futhi ngalendoda amakhadi) ukholelwa ukuthi ngithola osebenza ku 1504.

imbulunga yasezulwini

Ubani owenza wonke kuqala yasemkhathini? Izinguqulo eziningi ezikhona. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Naples kukhona esifanekisweni Atlanta (zemabula), sangomhla III-ke BC leminyaka. Emahlombe akhe hero egcina sphere ngesithombe ezinkanyezi. Kukholakala ukuthi unesikhathi prototype ye - Globe Eudoxus ka eKinidu (sezinkanyezi ngesiGreki).

Nokho, ulwazi olukhona kwi khona Zomhlaba Globes endulo, akusiyo eyiqiniso. Ngakho-ke, impikiswano ngale ndaba kunezizathu eziningi.