Sodium hydride. I izakhiwo kanye nencazelo isicelo.

Ngaphambi ukuhlunga ukuthi izakhiwo sodium hydride, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyini, lapho esetshenziswa futhi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani. Le mibuzo izophendulwa akubona bonke, nokho, ukungazi ulwazi olufana akakhulumi ngobuze ketshezi. Njengakwamanye sodium compounds, futhi kunenkolelo eyaziwayo isicelo umkhakha.

Zama ukuqonda izimpikiswano, futhi ake siqale yencazelo nencazelo kwakwakhe. Ngakho, i-sodium hydride - ikhemikhali wezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kokuba ifomula Nah, lemicu empunga elinamathela othini-omhlophe noma elimhlophe powder hygroscopic. Njengoba yenziwe ngu ukusabela eshukumisayo yayo futhi i ketshezi inert salezi hydrogen kanye metallic sodium. Sebenzisa yalolu ketshezi ukuze karboksidirovaniya, alkylation futhi acylation buthaka C-H-acid. Ukuxhumana lokhu kwakwakhe ngamanzi unika hydroxide isixazululo (i-sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide).

Ngakho, manje ngqo izakhiwo sodium hydride. Okokuqala, kubalulekile hlangothi izinsimbi, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile singangena ukugqwala. Uma usebenzisa lokhu izidakamizwa, naphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo imihuzuko, maholoholo futhi yokulimala ebusweni elingaphandle kwensimbi, it is basakaza nombala futhi livikela ebusweni. sodium hydride, okuyinto esetshenziswa uwoyela amaminerali noma ezinye hydrocarbon ngesimo ukumiswa. Ngenxa yalesi eziyinkimbinkimbi kumele ukufuthelana degrees 100. Sodium hydride liyancibilika at 800 degrees Celsius, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma ngingaphansi kokucindezeleka.

Le nto, kanye calcium hydride, titanium futhi zirconium, kuba nomphumela omuhle vulcanizates zenjoloba. Kuzo iqondiswa ngokushesha ngaphambi inqubo yokuhlanganisa ngesimo nginihlakaze e petrolatum, upharafini noma uwoyela amaminerali. Sodium hydride kwezinye izakhiwo ngokomzimba efana sodium chloride, kodwa ukukhiqizwa salo kancane usinde ezibizayo. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi sodium hydride izakhiwo eyingqayizivele ngenxa ngalo has sodium kwakwakhe kuphela. Kodwa yezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezenzeka iqhaza sodium chloride kanye sodium hydride, kuhluke kakhulu.

Sodium hydride ngenkuthalo lisetshenziselwa ukutakula titanium. Futhi lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho yokutakula liyadingeka inqwaba ngokwanele, okungukuthi, sikhuluma ngezinga ezimbonini. Kuyinto lokhu impahla hydride ithole bekholelwa e umkhakha esindayo futhi embonini yezimoto. Sodium hydride isetshenziswa yokusansimbi futhi - kulezo zimo lapho kubalulekile ukwaba compounds ezahlukene iqembu izinsimbi ezingavamile, nezinye yelikhono esingenakubalwa zihlukaniswa. Wayelethwa ngenkuthalo ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha kwezinye imikhakha yezomnotho. Njengoba singabona kusukela wonke amaqiniso angenhla, sodium hydride ngokwanele kubalulekile kwakwakhe ikhemikhali kabanzi lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa yezimboni.

Manje amagama ambalwa mayelana nokulungiselela sodium hydride e ngezinga ezimbonini. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa sodium hydride esincane lesi kwakwakhe ishiywa ethangini, futhi yanikezwa kobuso sodium esibunjiweyo. Tank - ovundlile batch ophendulayo - kuyinto isitsha phakathi esemgwaqweni nesikulufu nge izindwani ezimbili. Nale design, impahla ujikeleziswe ngaphakathi ophendulayo. Kubalulekile ukuqapha supply sodium ne-hydrogen, njengoba ne ngezabelo engalungile hydride asebenzayo ungavula esigabeni ketshezi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kungathatha indawo futhi izimo lokushisa okungalungile (lokushisa ukwanda ngenhla ukubaluleka ovumelekile).