Ivan Petrovich Pavlov: Biography emfushane futhi umnikelo isayensi

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Biography emfushane lapho kuzoxoxwa yithi - physiologist Russian, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo umklomelo kaNobel. Wayelethwa wahlanganyela ukulawulwa inqubo wokugaya ukudla, isayensi womsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa. Konke lokhu, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezihlobene negama lakhe, futhi sizoxoxa ngani kulesi sihloko.

Umsuka nokuqeqeshwa Ryazan

Septhemba 26, 1849 wazalelwa emzini Ryazan, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Umlando Omfushane kuye luyobe lungaphelele uma asizange asho lutho umndeni wakhe. uyise ka-Ivan, Peter D., engumpristi epherishi. Varvara Ivanovna, unina Ivan Petrovich, kwaholela yasendlini. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa endlini Pavlov Ryazan, okuyinto manje Museum.

Usosayensi Ikusasa waqala ukutadisha esikoleni ezingokomoya Ryazan. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ngo-1864, wabhalisa Ryazan Theological Seminary. Kamuva Ivan usikhumbula kahle le nkathi. Waphawula ukuthi waba nenhlanhla ukufunda kusuka othisha okukhulu. Ivan Pavlov wahlangana ngonyaka odlule esikoleni sabefundisi ngethi "Ikhaliphe of the Brain" I. M. Sechenova. Kwaba esona kunqunywa Isiphelo sakhe.

Ukudlulela Petersburg ukuba baqhubeke befunda

Ngo-1870, usosayensi esizayo sanquma ukungenela ubuhlakani umthetho Petersburg University. Nokho, u-Ivan Pavlov wafunda lapha ezingu-17 kuphela. Wanquma ukudlulisela ngokwahlukana kwemvelo lomunye faculty of physics kanye mathematics. Ivan wafundela UProfesa Tsion, F. V Ovsyannikova. Ikakhulukazi, wayenesithakazelo physiology izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Ivan Petrovich isikhathi esiningi ekutadisheni ukulawulwa sezinzwa, ekubeni umlandeli Sechenov kweqiniso.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wanquma ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Biography emfushane imakwe ngokufika ilungelo lakhe inkambo wesithathu Medical Steel-Academy. Ngo-1879 Pavlov iziqu lokhu isikole ngaqala ukusebenza emtholampilo Botkin. Lapha Ivan ephethwe zomzimba laboratory.

Internship phesheya, umsebenzi endaweni Botkin umtholampilo kanye Military Medical Academy

Ukuze kwesikhathi kusuka 1884 kuya 1886 uyalandisa internship lakhe kweJalimane neFrance, ngemva kwalokho usosayensi babuyele emsebenzini emtholampilo Botkin. Pavlov e-1890, banquma ukwenza Uprofesa kwemithi ithunyelwa Military Medical Academy. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-6, ososayensi bebelokhu oholwa uMnyango Physiology lapha. Uyonishiya kuphela ngo-1926.

Linga ungumkhohlisi yokudla

Kanyekanye lo msebenzi Ivan Petrovich watadisha physiology kwegazi, ukugayeka kokudla umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa. Ubeke e yakhe edumile 1890 linga ngamasu ahlukahlukene ngenhloso ungumkhohlisi yokudla. Usosayensi uthi isimiso sezinzwa udlala indima ebalulekile izinqubo of kokudla esiswini. Ngokwesibonelo, inqubo uketshezi kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala wabo - reflex sezinzwa, kulandele humoral futhi emtholampilo.

Ucwaningo ikhaliphe, hola imiklomelo

Ngemva lokhu kwaqala ukuba uhlolisise umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa ka -Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Biography emfushane is kwahambisana ngezigigaba yayo entsha. Uye zathola imiphumela ephawulekayo ekuhloleni ikhaliphe. Ngo-1903, ngineminyaka engu-54, wenza ku ezenzeka Madrid, International Medical Congress umbiko wayo Pavlov Ivan Petrovich. Iqhaza isayensi usosayensi yaqashelwa. Ukuze impumelelo ekuhloleni izinqubo wokugaya ukudla ezinsukwini ezizayo, ngo-1904, yena yanikezelwa uMklomelo KaNobel.

Usosayensi ngo-1907 yaba ilungu Russian Academy of Sciences. IRoyal Society of London ngo-1915 umnikeza Copley wasebusika.

Isimo mayelana inguquko

Pavlov ngokuthi October Revolution "kwamaBolshevik isilingo." Ekuqaleni wathatha ngentshiseko eshintsha empilweni futhi nakanjani ukubona kwaqedwa umsebenzi. Yena kwakubhekwa eNtshonalanga kuphela eRussia isakhamuzi khulula. Iziphathimandla wawamukela usosayensi ekhaliphile. V. I. Lenin ngisho igunyaza ngo-1921 ngu-isimemezelo esikhethekile ku ukusungulwa kwezimo umsebenzi evamile nokuphila Pavlov nomkhaya wakhe.

Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwaba isidina. uxoshwe IMisa abameleli phesheya esivelele nezazi, ukuboshwa kwabangani nozakwabo baye babonisa zonke unya le "experiment". Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, Ivan Petrovich abonakala izikhundla, ebuhlungu neziphathimandla. Wabethusa izinkulumo zakhe ubuholi beqembu. Pavlov akazange avumelane "ukuqinisa zabasebenzi isiyalo" endaweni yokucwaninga eliholwa kuye. Wathi iqembu labacwaningi ayikwazi akhiwa ifektri, futhi umsebenzi ngokwengqondo akufanele akangihloniphi. I-CPC Baqala ukwamukela impatho Ivan Petrovich ukuba kukhululwe kwalabo ababoshwa, wayazi, kanye ukumisa ukwesaba, ukucindezelwa nokushushiswa ibandla ezweni.

Izinkinga Pavlov

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Pavlov akazange athathe okuningi okwenzekayo kuleli zwe, aye njalo wasebenza ngawo wonke amandla akhe ukuze kuzuze njengezitha zezwe lokhokho. umoya futhi intando lutho yakhe enamandla ayengakwazi ukuphula. Phakathi Yombango, usosayensi ababesebenza esikhumulweni Military Medical Academy, lapho efundisa izitho zomzimba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-laboratory wayengekho evuthayo eyaziwa, ngakho ucwaningo kwadingeka ukuba ahlale ijazi noboya futhi isigqoko. Uma kwakungekho ukukhanya, Pavlov eziqhutshwa ithoshi (lwalumumethe umsizi). Ivan Petrovich, ngisho eminyakeni emnyama asekelayo nabo. Laboratory ngasinda ngenxa yemizamo yakhe futhi 20s nokhahlo abayekanga nemisebenzi yabo.

Ngakho Pavlov wathatha inguquko sisonke omubi. Wayehlala ubumpofu ngesikhathi kulwiwa, ngakho wabuza ngokuphindaphindiwe uhulumeni wamaSoviet ukumkhulula eveni. Wethembisa ekuphuculeni isimo sezimali, kodwa uhulumeni wenza kancane kakhulu kulesi siqondiso. Ekugcineni kwamenyezelwa e Koltushi Isikhungo Physiology (1925). Lokhu sikhungo futhi eliholwa uPawulu. Wayesebenza khona kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

ELeningrad ngo-August 1935 kwaba 15 th World Congress of Physiologists. Pavlov akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli yayo. Zonke izazi ngazwi linye wakhothamela Ivan Petrovich. Kwakuyisikhathi yesayensi ukunqoba Pavlov, ukuqashelwa ukubaluleka omkhulu umsebenzi wakhe.

Ngu yokuphila Ivan Petrovich neminyaka yokugcina fanele uhambo Ryazan lwakubo. Lapha futhi wamukelwa ngemfudumalo kakhulu. Ivan Petrovich ahlelwe lokumamukela.

Ukufa Ivan Petrovich

Ivan Pavlov wafa eLeningrad, February 27, 1936. Imbangela yokufa - pneumonia ngemandla. Washiya eziningana impumelelo, okuyinto ukukhuluma ngokwehlukana.

I impumelelo eyinhloko usosayensi

Works of Ivan Pavlov phezu physiology ukugaya, wathola ukuqashelwa aphakeme omhlaba, umfutho sokuthuthukiswa zomzimba entsha. Kuyinto mayelana physiology umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa. Lokhu usosayensi endaweni Pavlov Ivan Petrovich enikelwe mayelana 35 iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe. He is uMdali indlela ka ikhaliphe moya. Ucwaningo izinqubo sengqondo ezenzeka emzimbeni kwezilwane usebenzisa le ndlela kwaholela ekwakhekeni etindlela ubuchopho yokufunda kanye umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa. Ngo-1913, i-ukuqaliswa ucwaningo elihlobene ne ingqondo ekhondishina, yayakhiwe isakhiwo nge imibhoshongo ezimbili, ezibizwa ngokuthi "kwemibhoshongo uthule." Lapha kwabathathu bokuqala ayenendawo amakhamera akhethekile, futhi ngo-1917 wangena ukusebenza amahlanu ngaphezulu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe, futhi enye kuvulwa Pavlová Ivana Petrovicha. Okufanela lemfundiso yakhe iyona ukuthuthukiswa yiziphi izinhlobo umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa. Wabuye kungokwalabo imfundiso ka "mbono ashukumisayo" (ukusabela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezintweni ezithile) nezinye impumelelo.

Pavlov Ivan Petrovich, umnikelo imithi angeke overstated, ngo-1918, waqala ukuba afeze ucwaningo esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo. On isinyathelo sakhe ngo-1931 ukuthi lwenziwe umnyango futhi base emtholampilo. I. P. Pavlov kusukela November 1931 olwenziwa umhlangano yesayensi emitholampilo zengqondo futhi ethukile - ". Imvelo leli khono 'kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi

Lawa impumelelo esemqoka Ivana Petrovicha Pavlová. Lena isazi omkhulu, egama layo linguJehova ewusizo ukukhumbula.