Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-SS "kwe-Galicia": umlando

History of the Second neMpi Yezwe, inamakhasi abaningana lapho mlando abaningi baseNtshonalanga ukungatholi ukufunda. Kuhle kokusho ukwahlukana wedwa kazwelonke we kwamaNazi. Isihloko sithi ibuthaka, ngo ekukhanyeni ezisandakwenzeka eningizimu-esempumalanga ye-Ukraine, it liba buhlungu.

Umuntu kumelwe amane yisho umlando SS ukuhlukanisa "Galicia"! Lezi "bomlilo anesibindi" manje uyakhazinyuliswa isimo Ukraine, "Izenzo" yabo kuphela ngezinye izikhathi emangazwe ingqalabutho lamaGestapo. Futhi Othi eziningi.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala ubuholi impi ka Abashisekeli bezwe lase-Ukraine wangcwatshwa uhulumeni "nezimfuneko" German ngoba kusungulwe umgudvu lobukene nalo ubuzwe amayunithi lempi, okungase "ziye zaba nomthelela ukunqoba Bolshevism." Nazi nje kuqala yonke imizamo yabo yize. Nakuba zabanikazi German akazange akhokhe le mpikiswano idalwa yini nhlobo ukunakwa. izimo abaphumelela nabahluleka yempi aba kangangokuthi funny nje ukucabanga ukuthi ungakwazi banakekele la mosek zezombusazwe.

Ngo-1943, izimo eziningana zishintshile. KwaseStalingrad kwaba, ibutho Ridge Paulus wayekade unqobe ngaphansi kwazo, kwakukhona nezinye izimpi, ekholisayo ziyadalulwa inganekwane ayenganqobeki ka ibutho lamaJalimane. Ngo-February, amaJalimane baqala ukucabanga mayelana nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani polovchee "ukuphila Ukrainian" isizwe wokufaka izimbobo ngezihluthu.

Ukudala "division ekhazimulayo '

Lolu hlelo bekuhloswe kakhulu kusekelwa umbusi wesifunda, "Galicia" O. Waechter. Cishe, ngesixazululo esithathiwe we wathola ngokuqondile abakhulu bakhe yangaphambili UHimmler. Ilondolozwe Kahle ezinye zalezi zincwadi zomlando akhomba yokuthi ukudalwa SS Division "Galicia" waba sokuqala saxoxa Mashi zabo 1, 1943.

Kakade Mashi 28, 1943 Waechter utshela umqashi wakhe ukuthi abaholi ubuzwe ngenjabulo lelo thuba 'ukuze sikhonze eJalimane. " Phakathi no-April walowo nyaka, Wachter wahlela ukuba kube nomhlangano party, okwakukhona phakathi kwababusi eliphakeme e-SS.

Abazange ukudonsa, kodwa ngoba cishe ngokushesha banquma usethe SS Division "Galicia". Abahlanganyeli lomhlangano bavumelana kusengaphambili ngokuthi uyogwema ukusebenzisa igama elithi "amaphoyisa 'e igama division okudalwe kabusha. Uma sikubeka kalula, ababevumelane kwi ukwakheka iphoyisa umzimba ingajezisa. Akumangalisi ukuthi isizwe ukukhetha ayenendawo ngokufanayo "nozakwethu" zazo kwezinye ingajezisa SS ukuhlukana, kokuba ayegqoke iyunifomu grey. Ngakolunye, bayehluka kuphela isihlangu ekhethekile ku emkhonweni.

Isikhulu ngaphambilini kumiswa SS Division "Galicia" esanyatheliswa ngo-April 28. Ngokushesha, lo division ukubuthela iqala ukufika.

On izici yekucasha

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukunxenxa elinama entsha lomuntu liwumsebenzi omuhle "ophanayo." Lokhu ekwakhiweni kusho ukuthi kube khona ukucwasa ngokohlanga akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa amaJalimane ziqasha ibutho "le riffraff Slavic." Yaphetha ivaliwe umnyango lezi zinto "iyunithi elite" uhlobo ngokuphelele non-European kuphela, osimo ngokucacile ukhuluma ngani akulona imisuka zama-Aryan.

umsebenzi benkulumo-ze

Ngosuku lokushicilelwa oda ukwakheka division Waechter wakhipha umyalelo imfihlo. Usho ngokusobala ukuthi iziphathimandla obangela isizwe isikhalo, noma kunjalo kufanele ngisho gudlisela kwa yokuthi zisiza amaJalimane. IKhomishana kwadingeka ukugxila kuphela kwi "ekulweni Bolshevism." Ngisho bona isifinyezo SS imele "Riflemen Sich", eyaqala nge bang ku undereducated, imvelo uncultured.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo iculo Amacebo nokuhlukanisa SS "Galicia", equkethe amagama amaningi mayelana "nangobukhulu isizwe", kodwa akasho mayelana inkonzo kuya kwamaNazi.

Inombolo lwabasebenzi

Ekuqaleni June, abantu 81,999 abangu irekhodi kubhaliswe. Ngokusemthethweni, 52.875 wabo ekwakhiweni isevisi Benziwe inqatshelwe 29 124. Kodwa kufanele ungacabangi ukuthi lesi simemezelo safakwa ngayeka, njengoba kudingeka umthamo wemvula njalo. Okusalungiswa ikhomishana eliholwa K. Schulze, ababenza isethi ukubuthela kuze-August 1944, futhi "redecorating" scruffy kwenziwa cishe kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1945, impi compounds.

Njengoba ukugqugquzela kwaba ijubane engakaze ibonwe, amaJalimane engimbumbile izingxenye eziningana. Lokhu kuchaza yokuthi SS Division "Galicia", elimalungu alo unesithombe kulesi sihloko emalungeni ezihluke kakhulu. Ngaphezu abantu 11.578 abaye ngokusemthethweni besibhekene ekhethekile izifundo zokuqeqesha, amaJalimane ngokushesha inabasebenzi regiments amahlanu engeziwe futhi omunye Ibutho we "isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona". Lezi regiments futhi Battalion sikhathi ngatshela sokuzivivinya amaphoyisa zakudala, okuyinto abangu ngaphansi zonke ezinye uxhumano ingajezisa.

izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe yekucasha

Ngokushesha kwathi ushaye "impahla" kusobala akwanele ngenxa ukulahlekelwa njalo ekulweni, ngakho waqala ukusebenza hhayi kuphela olusemthethweni okusalungiswa ibhodi nasezisebenzini zokuzithandela, kodwa futhi amabutho ezikhethekile, ababekwa sizibandakanye ukugqugquzela udlame kwentsha. Kwacaca phakathi nonyaka ka-June 1944, lapho abantu base-Ukraine ngokwabo baye baqala ukuzizwa ngokugcwele ngokugcwele yakhe 'ukuzinikela kuya kwamaNazi. " intsha Collared ngokushesha wathumela ukukhonza ku ethangini division SS "Hoenshtaufen" futhi "Frundsberg", ukuthi ihlobo nje etholakala eduze nedolobha.

Njengoba umthombo ezishibhile "impahla" Ukrainian esetshenziswa nezinye ukwahlukana German zikhona ngalezo izingxenye odlulayo. Basuke njalo bangeniswa inkonzo nedlanzana ezimbalwa babanjwa "alwa ye-Ukraine." Emaphandleni eduze ekuphathweni Lviv sika-German akazange nibhekane iziphanyeko yayo ubuzwe, ubhalwe kabusha ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemvume abo bonke abantu. Kwaba umuzi omkhulu ogcwele lwabasebenzi, okuyinto eJalimane ngaleso sikhathi ekuqaleni ngokuphuthumayo aphuthelwe. Abantu baqala sithathe hhayi kuphela ezitaladini, kodwa futhi ngokuqondile nezikhungo zomphakathi.

Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka "alwa Ukraine" of the Church, asisakwazi bazizwe bephephile, njengoba "Umsebenzi Fuehrer" bahlehla ngqo ukunikeza inkonzo. Ngaleso sikhathi ngisho isizwe abakhethayo amaningi awafunanga bekuqaphele ngosizi lwezilwane yabo phambili, ngakho impi ngandlela-thile hhayi ngokushesha. Kukholakala ukuthi SS Division "Galicia" (isithombe amabhanela of kungalesi impahla) waphasiswa ngokusebenzisa kungekho amaqhawe esingaphansi 32 eziyinkulungwane.

Umyalo nendawo irejista

Okokuqala, umthwalo ukusebenza amayunithi amaphoyisa entsha eyabelwe SS-Brigadeführer Schiemann ka. Kodwa kule post wahlala kuphela, kwaze kwaba maphakathi Novemba 1943. Ngokushesha waba induna Galicia Oberführer SS Fritz Freitag, ngubani ekupheleni April lalimisa ukhishwa isihloko Brigadeführer (Analogue of zethu ezinkulu-jikelele Waffen-SS).

Ilungiselelo elinjalo ngaye umyalo kwabangelwa yokuthi le ndoda kwadingeka nakho okucebisayo amayunithi amaphoyisa umyalo futhi kwaba kahle imininingwane ukusebenza nabo. izikhulu Martial German wamphatha Ukwedelela konke okusemandleni: Freitag akakavakasheli kunoma iyiphi ukulwa, akazange abe inkomba ebonisa amaqhinga nebutho indlela yokuphila.

Ngokuvamile, Ukraine SS ukuhlukanisa "Galicia" luye lwaba uhlobo "Injengesithusamagwababa" phakathi amaNazi, njengoba yama-Jalimane badingiselwa izikhulu nongenanzuzo, Okuqukethwe akuzwakali, noma nje ngobugwala. Yiqiniso, kwakufaneleka izinga bokulwa yoxhumano.

Okokuqala, omningi walo izisebenzi ebekwe esigabeni "Gaydelagere", futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1944, it esifakwe Noygamere (yeSilesia, Germany). Nokho, ngo-July 18, 1943, lapho iqoqo lokuqala ukubuthela zazivela edolobheni, bese beqala babekwa ekamu "Gaydelager" (eduze Dębica), bese wenza olusemthethweni kumiswa zabo kule regiments amaphoyisa.

Eyokuqala ukusetshenziswa ukulwa

Ekuqaleni kuka-1944 kusukela Berlin iza isiqondiso esiphuthumayo isidingo ukwakheka ekuqaleni we "amaqembu impi" ukulwa abashokobezi iPoland USSR. Ngokushesha kwamiswa nebutho wayephiwe ibhethri kwezibhamu ukukhanya, bese iqembu ehlakazekile emaphethelweni Poland. Ngakho 14 Grenadier Division of the SS "Galicia" waqala isendleleni obuyichilo ngempela.

kumiswa Ubude amaqembu afanayo seliqediwe ngosuku, okuyinto besihloselwe esiphikisayo ukuvukelwa kombuso eduze edolobheni. Ngemva kwalokho, ubuholi amaNazi Kwaphawulwa ukuthi zombili lezi amayunithi "eziqhutshwa ngempela ngempumelelo." Kodwa lamaJalimane okubonisa yibobonke yesiteleka, kunokuba izama ukupenda ngaphezulu lezi "impumelelo".

Nokho, kusobala ukuthi "ngesibindi alwa" Division kuphela amabutho aphakeme, wakhetha ukuhlasela kuqala ku abazihlelele bengahlomile. Ngaphandle kokuba ngokuphelele kwakungasekho okunye, "amaqhawe anesibindi" wangena contact umlilo ne abashokobezi, ukulwa okuyinto SS Division "Galicia" eqinisweni, futhi sekwakhiwe.

I "Izenzo" lokuqala Galicia

amabutho aseSoviet kwaba lucky ngokwanele ukuba liyobamba le ngobo yomlando ekhazimulayo uxhumano, okuyinto usakhonza ubufakazi njengoba obungenakuphikiswa impi "impumelelo" ka-Ukrainian isizwe. Kukhona irekhodi ukuthi ngowokuqala ibutho lesine ... Ubude kwalimala abantu mayelana 12 wangena nilwe abashokobezi. Ngenxa ukusebenza kusukela umhlaba kwaqedwa emzaneni Guta Penyatskaya futhi Benyaki. Izindlu isizwe abanesibindi zishiswe. Ndawonye izakhamuzi zakhona, yebo. Sekukonke, babulele okungenani 800 izakhamuzi ezibulewe abalimi, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abesifazane nabantwana abaningi. Nokho, ifulege SS Division "Galicia" ayizange kubhekwe ibhena lempi ngempela, ngoba ngaphansi komthunzi walo alwa kuphela "wenqaba 'izikhulu German futhi isizwe esikhethiwe, ubani oya emakhosini azo futhi abantu ungacabangi.

Ngo Ternopil nasezincekwini Ukrainian Wehrmacht washo nokungaphezu kwalokho. Lapho balwe okuholela amaJalimane bakwazi ukuba baphinde babe ingxenye yedolobha, nje izilwane basiqhubela abasinde elinye lamasonto ke zonke zishiswe. E Lviv lwabo babulala abantu abangaba yinkulungwane ngo Zolochev wahlanganyela ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu of amasosha owabhujiswa Red Army. Small edolobheni Olesko empeleni yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, kodwa wabulawa "kuphela" abantu 300.

Lokhu "ukuphana" ngoba lonke abakhileyo badingiselwa ophoqelelwe eJalimane. Ukube bezingekho amaJalimane e isidingo izigqila, igazi elichithwe nakakhulu. Abashisekeli bezwe nginithandile ukubulala kwalabo ababengeke abanike ukumelana. Empeleni, ama-SS ukuhlukanisa "Galicia" Kwaphawulwa sonke lesi sici esithile emlandweni wawo.

inhlekelele Brody

Kodwa yena, futhi lezi 'amaqhawe anesibindi "ukuhlangana empini sangempela amasosha professional, hhayi abavamile bengahlomile. SS Division "Galicia" ngaphansi Brody kwadingeka "izinhlamvu ezigcwele", kokuba ifakwe isosha kusukela 29, 30 kanye regiments 31. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liye isibaluli eziningi fighters kwabanye nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-yayo "babambisane okhazimulayo," kwaba 346 izikhulu, isikhulu-non-ethunywe e 1131 kanye 13822 amasosha. Ngakho, amandla ayo wawuyizinkulungwane 15.299 amaqhawe. Kusukela "imbiza Brody" kuqhathaniswa bathinteka waphunyuka 1,200 kuphela 1,000 kanye ningatholakala reserve Ibutho, ababe lucky ngokwanele ukuba aphume encirclement.

abangamakhulu ambalwa isizwe wakwazi seep aphume encirclement babehlangana ngamaqembu amancane, okuyinto elayiholela ngxabano okukhululekile amabutho aseSoviet. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange ayizinkulungwane 15 ngasinda akukho kuka 1/5 of the abasebenzi. Leli qiniso waphinda ukuqinisekisile ukuthi iqiniso elisobala lokuthi imibutho yamaphoyisa empini evulekile awubalulekile yini. Zonke "anamandla" yabo kuphela zobudlova ngokumelene lezakhamuzi futhi iziboshwa, amasosha bengahlomile.

Nokho, esiseduze kwakungekukhulu futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe SS Division "Galicia". Ngemva kwempi ye Brody kwaba kuphela Kuxhomeke isikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho lokulwa ngendlela

Ngo-February 1944, i-ibutho lesine wadluliswa ngaphansi Ternopil, lapho behileleka amalungu ayo kule ukucindezelwa ukunyakaza yabashokobezi. Ngemva kwalokho, babeba ezimweni oqabukelayo yokumelana ethuthuka amasosha aseSoviet.

Ingxenye elandelayo yaleli division wayiswa eFrance, lapho beqeqeshwa ngokwengeziwe lempi owawuse. Entwasahlobo ka-cishe yonke isizwe bathunyelwa Noygamer. Ngezikhathi ezithile baye baqhubeka ukusebenzisa ekulweni Ukumelana French.

Ngakho, indaba SS Division "Galicia" empini, kwaba ngempela ngokuphelele obuyichilo: Empini yangempela Ukraine iqhaza kusukela ngoMashi kuphela Julayi. Ngemva kokuba lwaphuka ngokuphelele Brody, izinsalela wakhe esidabukisayo ushintshe ngokuphelele womnyango wamaphoyisa, bese isetshenziswa kulo mkhakha.

Slovakia futhi eYugoslavia

Ekuqaleni-October 1944 waphumula isizwe, ogama ezinhlwini ke wathela eziningi "amavolontiya" waqoqa ngokuqondile emgwaqweni, ethunyelwe Slovakia. Kukhona "Aryans abanesibindi" babehilelekile into ajwayelekile futhi kumnandi kakhulu yena, abacindezela ukunyakaza yabashokobezi. "Dirlivangera lamabutho" yayaziwa nesihluku yayo ukuhanjiswa Ukraine. amalungu alo usakhunjulwa kahle Belarus, njengoba unembeza wawo izimpilo ezingenakubalwa bahlushwa ngonya abantu.

Lapho SS Division "Galicia" waba okufanayo sekuthunyelwa? Brody wabonisa ngokuphelele ukuthi isizwe engenamsebenzi eziye zasetshenziselwa ukulwa amayunithi njalo amabutho aseSoviet, kodwa ngenxa bathunyelwa eCarinthia, lapho ayephishekela abashokobezi eYugoslavia. Lapha Galicians futhi esebenzise yonke izinyanga lokugcina impi.

Ngo-1945-ke Ufaka amasosha namanje insimu isiJalimane, ngokuzama ukuphoqelela okungenani kanye "ngesibindi ukubonakalisa umthelela amasosha aseSoviet." ithemba Ize. Lapho nje amabhanela ibanga inhlansi amabutho UK "alwa ngesibindi akuthinta Ukraine" ngesivinini Amazing baphuthuma baya ekuthunjweni. Kwakuwusuku division zokugcina nimashe SS "Galicia" empini.

Edolobheni Tamsweg, lapho iziboshwa zazisebenza esasiboshwe kulo, British wasungula iphuzu filtration lapho ekuqaleni kuqhathaniswa ngempumelelo wabanjwa amasosha e-SS. Fritz Freitag induna lezi zindaba yawela melancholy omnyama ukuzibulala. indawo yakhe sathathwa Polish uColonel uPawulu Shandruk. Nokho, isikhathi kuye kwabonisa ngokucacile okungalungile Freitag. iposi English ngokusebenzisa ketshezi leaked izinkulungwane Galicians, ngubani kahle ixazululwe eNgilandi.

"Midsomer ukukhashelwa"

Kwenzekani "bomlilo anesibindi" besigaba, abenza ngakho ngesibindi baphuthuma sisukele isiboshwa ngesiNgisi? Maye, kodwa isiphetho sabo kwakuyindlela engcono kakhulu. Ziningi ubufakazi obungokomlando obubonisa ukuthi ngo-1945 UK kwaba amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili, owakhonza ngokufanayo nje kule "Galicia".

Kusukela ngo-1999 ehlala eNgilandi okungenani eyodwa nengxenye eyinkulungwane injengosuku abahlanganyeli ngqo izenzakalo, kanye nenzalo yabo. Uhulumeni UK kakhulu delves madolonzima ku le mibuzo. Of izigebengu British impi yizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili walahla ... oyedwa. Lokhu "lucky" kwakungu-Anton Sevenyuk.

Sasiyini isizathu ubuqotho obunjalo? Iqiniso lokuthi sokunikela "alwa abanesibindi" njengoba igama elilodwa ... lo nabasePoland, ngubani eminyakeni embalwa nje edlule, wabulawa ngesikhulu isihluku. Hlola nabo kahle futhi ningabi nor was inzalo British egazini. Kakade, ukungabondli nemizana yayo nemizana babeshiswa lezi zilwane.

Phakathi nawo-90s ihhovisi elehlukile, ungathanda ukuba sihlanganyele "ukuthunjwa amaNazi izigebengu impi," futhi ababange besaba khona nhlobo. amanxusa kaHitler, ngubani ngempumelelo owayezinikele British, ziphela ekugcineni wesabe okungenani abanye usongo ukuchayeka nesijeziso. Cishe wonke amadokhumenti esimweni Namanje oluthathwa.

Ngokuvamile, izakhamuzi Albion Division of the SS "Galicia" owaziwa. A ifilimu ngaye, okuyinto yathathwa eNgilandi, efana Abashisekeli bezwe ngawo futhi wagwetshelwa ezinyantisayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenza kube seqophelweni lokuthi lapho abaningi emabuthweni, noma ukubuthwa ukuphoqwa noma ukunqotshwa 'imvuselelo ngiyibona romantic ye-Ukraine. " Yilokho nje ayikho kulezi amaqiniso ingabe bathethelele yini amacala abo ezishaqisayo.

ezingokoqobo zamanje

Okunjalo umlando olubabazekayo namuhla has Echoes zayo. Ngakho, ama-SS Division "Galicia" ifulege usengakwazi kubonwe ezinye izenzakalo agcinwe izinhlangano ngokwethukela, ngubani ukhohlwe ukuthi usizi kakhulu ngalezi zinto nonhumans.