Izidakamizwa ezisebenzayo kunazo zonke zezingane ezisuka eminyakeni emibili

Amantombazane angaphezu kwamadoda abadala ukuthi abe nezifo ezihlukahlukene zegciwane. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi umzimba omncane, hhayi owenziwe ngokugcwele unesifo esiwumzimba obuthakathaka kakhulu. Ukuze ukhethe izidakamizwa ze- anti-anti-virus ezingcono futhi eziphumelelayo, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somntwana sisebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezingasiza ekubhekaneni nesifo.

Iyini ingculazi?

Uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba luyisindlela esiyinkimbinkimbi esenza umzimba ukhululeke izifo nezifo ezehlukene. I-lymphocytes equkethwe ezingxenyeni zesistimu yokuvikela (amathani, i-thymus, i-lymph nodes, i-spleen) ikhiqizwa ngobuningi obudingekayo ukuze ulwe nezinto eziphathekayo. Umkhuba okhulayo walezi zinto egazini kusho ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka emzimbeni.

Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu esenza isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba siyi-interferon. Lawa amaprotheni akhethekile akhululwa emzimbeni uma igciwane livela. Ama-interferons akwazi ukulwa kokubili ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo, nangama-cancer amangqamuzana. Inani eliphansi lalawo maprotheni emzimbeni lisho ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisinciphile.

Ukuzivikela komzimba kungenye yezizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu izingane ezivame ukugula ngazo njalo. I-Interferon amaprotheni ikhiqizwa emzimbeni kakhulu kabi, i-phagocytosis (ukuxubana kwezinhlayiya zangaphandle) akukwenzeka, ngakho-ke ikhono lokulwa negciwane liyancipha. Singacabanga ukuthi ngesimiso esihle sokuzivikela omzimba, izidakamizwa ze-antiviral azidingeki, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Uma amaseli omzimba edingekayo ukuze alwe negciwane, khona-ke izidakamizwa ziyadingeka ukuze umise ukukhiqizwa kwawo emzimbeni.

Virus - indaba ephilayo

Ngokuqinisekile abantu abaningi bazibuza ukuthi yiliphi igciwane. Ake sizame ukukhipha lokhu. Kusukela esikoleni se-biology, kwaziwa ukuthi igciwane liyingxenye encane ekwazi ukuthelela iziphilayo eziphilayo. Iqukethe ama-molecule e-DNA noma e-RNA ahlanganiswe ne-capsid (igobolondo yamaprotheni). Imfucuza ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zayo.

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza liqukethe i-ribonucleic acid kanye nejazi elivikelayo. Idluliselwa ngamaconsi amancane futhi kuthinta iphezu eliphezulu lokuphefumula. Lesi sifo singezinombolo zezifo eziphefumulayo zokuphefumula (ARVI).

Indlela ukutheleleka kwegciwane esebenza ngayo

Ukuze ukhethe izidakamizwa eziphumelelayo ze-antiviral ezinganeni kusukela eminyakeni emibili, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzeka kanjani. Njengomthetho, izingane zibhekene nezifo eziphefumulayo zokuphefumula. Igciwane lingena emzimbeni ngephutha lokuphefumula futhi lifaka isisodwa esisodwa lapho. Yakhiwe kwisakhiwo sayo sezakhi zofuzo futhi ikhiqiza ngokushesha kakhulu. Phakathi nale nkathi yesikhathi, ingane ingakwazi ukubona umbhobho obomvu ovuvukile, umuthi ogxotshiwe. Njengomthetho, emva kwesikhathi esithile, umntwana usukhuphukela ekushiseni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba uvuselela zonke izindawo zayo zokuvikela. Ukushisa okuphezulu (kuze kufike ku-38 ° C) kuthuthukisa i-phagocytosis futhi kushukumise ukwakhiwa kwe-interferon. Lapho igciwane noma ukutheleleka kuhlaselwa, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kungabonwa.

Ingabe kuyadingeka njalo ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-antiviral ezinganeni

Kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala kuya phezulu, izingane zivame ukugula, kodwa ingabe kuhlale kunengqondo "ukuzondla" ngemithi ehlukile? Iqiniso liwukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba wokuzivikela ayenakho inkumbulo enhle kakhulu. Ngemva kokuphumelela ukunqoba amabhaktheriya, bayakhumbula futhi ngesikhathi esizayo balwa nabo ngokuphumelelayo nangempumelelo. Uma umzimba womntwana uthola igciwane elibuthakathaka, khona-ke uyakwazi ukubhekana nalo ngokuzimela. Ngesizathu esithile, abanye abazali bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyingozi, futhi bakhetha ukunikeza imithi ngokushesha.

Lena umbono ongalungile. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-antiviral, kuvele ukujwayela, futhi isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sizoba sibi nakakhulu njalo. Uma igciwane elibuthakathaka lingene emzimbeni, futhi ingane ingenayo izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, khona-ke ungenza ngaphandle kwemithi enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi ngesikhathi izingane ezikhulile zitholakala ekutheleleni okuthelelekile kokuphefumula ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kaningi kakhulu, ngokuqinisekile ngoba ngalesi sikhathi zihlakulela ingculazi kulezi zinambuzane.

Iyini isidakamizwa se-antiviral?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi lo muthi, osiza ekulwa nesifo. Kodwa iyini isimiso sokusebenza kwayo? Kuvela ukuthi kunezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ze-antiviral ezinganeni ezineminyaka emibili ubudala. Zonke zazo zihlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezisebenzayo kanye nendlela yokulwa negciwane. Isibonelo, i-adamantane kanye neziqhamo zayo yizinto ezivimbela ukungena kwe-RNA yegciwane emaqenjini omzimba. Ama-interferons akwazi ukwandisa ingculazi, futhi i-aminocyclohexenecarboxylic acid ivimbela ukuphindaphinda kwamagciwane. Kukhona olunye uchungechunge oluthile lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-homeopathic. Imithi enjalo inomthamo omncane wokutheleleka ngokwawo, okwenza kube nokucindezelwa. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zezidakamizwa iyakwazi ukulwa namagciwane, kodwa yikuphi okumele ukhethe? Ake siwahlole ngokuningiliziwe.

I-Interferons (IFN)

Leli qembu lihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ze-antiviral ezinganeni ezineminyaka emibili ubudala. Uhlu olunikezwe ngezansi luyingxenye encane yale mithi ekhona emhlabeni wonke. Imithi yama-antiviral ene-interferon:

• "Laferobion."
• "Reaferon".
• "Viferon."
• "Grippferon".
• "I-Genferon Light."

Lezi zidakamizwa ziqukethe i-IFN. Lokhu yisifanekiso se-interferon esenza umzimba womuntu. Lezi zinto zivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwegciwane, ukuphazamisa ukuqala kwe-acid ribonucleic acid. Kuyinto yendalo engokwemvelo engabangeli ukubola. I-IFN ayikho into ephikisanayo nesicelo futhi inhle kakhulu kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kuphakheji equkethe umuthi oqukethe i-interferon, indlela yokukhiqiza (i-recombinant noma i-leukocyte yabantu) nesisindo samangqamuzana ama-molecule we-IFN (i-alpha, i-beta, i-gamma) kuboniswa ngokucacile.

I-interferon ye-leukocyte yenziwe ngegazi lomuntu, futhi liyinqaba kakhulu. Ifomu elivame kakhulu i-IFN ephindaphindiwe. Ikhiqizwa kuma laboratories e-biochemical ngokwenza isakhi se-Escherichia coli nezakhi zofuzo zomuntu. Imithi enjalo ye-antiviral yezingane ezineminyaka emibili ayithengi futhi iyasebenza ngempela. Ziyi-immunomodulators ezinhle kakhulu, ezisiza ukuvikela umzimba wezingane kusuka ekutheleleni kwegciwane. Uma i-ARVI isivele isesimweni esithuthukile, futhi ingane inokushisa okuphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-38 ° C), lezi zidakamizwa ziyoba usizo oluhle ekulwa nesigciwane.

Izixazululo ze-Homeopathic

Kulesi sigaba semithi singabandakanya izidakamizwa:

• Anaferon.
• "Neotonzilar".
• "I-Immunokind."
• "Engistol".
• Aflubin.

Ziyasetshenziswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka okunamandla kokuphefumula kwegciwane ezinganeni. Ngizisola kakhulu, akubona bonke abazali abazazi ngezakhiwo zokwelashwa kwe-homeopathic nezindlela zabo zethonya emzimbeni. Isimiso esibaluleke kunazo zonke kulezi zidakamizwa wukuthi uma ukulinganisa okukhulu kwezinto ezithile kubangela uphawu oluthile, ama-dose ayencane amancane akhiqiza umphumela ohlukile (njengokwelapha njenge). Izidakamizwa ze-antiviral ezinganeni ezivela eminyakeni emibili ngesisekelo sezindlela zokwelapha ze-homeopathic ziqukethe amanani amancane kakhulu wezinto ezifana nezakhiwo zabo kuma-virus. Ngakho, ukungena ngaphakathi komzimba, bayakwenza ngokushesha ukufaka imisebenzi yabo yokuzivikela.

Ngokwesayensi, ukusebenza kwabo okuphezulu akuzange kuboniswe, kodwa isidingo salesi sidakamizwa kuma-pharmacy siyazikhulumela. Cishe wonke amazwe akhiqiza izidakamizwa ezithile ze-antiviral ezinganeni (iminyaka emibili). I-Russia nayo iphumelele kakhulu kule ndaba. Mayelana nomuthi onjengo- "Anaferon", cishe wonke umuntu wezwa. Leli phepha elisetshenziswa ekhaya ukuvimbela umkhuhlane emindenini eminingi.

Udokotela Komarovsky no-ARVI

Abazali abaningi bazi udokotela omuhle njengoDkt. Komarovsky. Iseluleko sakhe nezincomo ziyamangalisa ngesikhathi esifanayo elula futhi ephumelelayo. Ngokuqinisekile, abaningi banesithakazelo kulokho okushiwo lochwepheshe mayelana ne-ARVI. Ngokuvamile, ukuze ungaguli, kuzomele uzame ukunciphisa oxhumana nabo nabantu abanegciwane. Ngeshwa, lokhu akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Enye indlela yokuphuma yizidakamizwa ze-antiviral ezinganeni ezineminyaka emibili ubudala. Komarovsky weluleka ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinje ngokuthi "Oseltamivir" no "Rimantadine." Kodwa kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu kuphela lapho ingane iphoqeleka ukuxhumana nabantu abagulayo abanomkhuhlane (enkulisa, esikoleni).

Izinto ezinciphisa isenzo se-enzyme

Leli qembu lihlanganisa izidakamizwa ze-antiviral ezinganeni (iminyaka emibili). Abazali abahle bazama njalo ukukhetha izingane zabo hhayi nje imithi ephumelelayo, kodwa futhi nokuzikhandla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi uDkt. Komarovsky weluleka leli qembu lezidakamizwa ("Oseltamivir" ne "Rimantadine") ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula. Imithi enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i- neuraminidase inhibitors. Banciphisa inqubo yokuphindaphinda igciwane ngokuthinta ingxenye yevilopu yegciwane, okuthiwa i-neuraminidase.

I-Oseltamivir yinto esebenzayo ye-Oseltamivir, engatholakala emithini efana no-Tamiflu no-Floustop. I-Amantadine ingumuthi osebenzayo we- "Rimantadine" futhi inezindawo ezifanayo ne-oseltamivir. Ama-derivative e-Amantadine awaphikisana namagciwane e-influenza A. I-Oseltamivir nayo ivimbela isenzo somkhuhlane we-influenza A no-B

Amafomu Wokulinganisa Amalungiselelo

Imithi engcono kakhulu yokulwa namagciwane yezingane iyatholakala emafomu ahlukahlukene. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi umehluko uphi nokuthi yiyiphi ephumelela kakhulu. Izingane ezincane azitholi kalula imithi. Ngokuvamile le mcimbi ihambisana nama-vagary nezinyembezi. Abakhiqizi bemithi ngazo zonke izindlela kungenzeka bazame ukujabulisa ingane (ngakho kwakungenabuhlungu futhi kuyiphunga), nabazali (ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa siphumelele). Amafomu ajwayelekile kakhulu ahlanganisa: amaphilisi, amaconsi, ama-syrups namakhandlela. Yiqiniso, kunezijovo, kodwa, njengoba umthetho, azisebenziswanga ngabazali, kodwa odokotela. Ngendlela ngayinye leyo, kungakhathaliseki ukubukeka kwayo, inani elidingekayo lempahla esebenzayo likhona.

Amaconsi antiviral namaphilisi ebantwaneni

Ukuze ingane ithathe imithi ngenjabulo, kufanele ibe mnandi. Laba yibo abakhiqizi banamuhla abazama ukukwenza. Ngokufaka izingxenye ezehlukene (isibonelo, i-lactose monohydrate) bathola izidakamizwa ze-antiviral ezinganeni - ezingabizi futhi kunalokho ezihlwabusayo. I-Lactose ubisi ushukela, osetshenziswa ekudleni okuhlukahlukene kanye nemithi njenge-sweetener. Ngokuqinisekile, ngisho nengane enenkani kakhulu ngeke ilahle iphilisi enezinto ezinjalo.

Ngefomu elinjengamaconsi, i-sweetener ayidingi. Yiqiniso, izingane aziyithandi ngempela uma zimba umsizi, kepha ngezinye izikhathi ziyinyanzelo. Lapho ingane iqala i-rhinitis enkulu, ukubuyiswa kabusha kwethebhulethi kungenzeki ngokwanele. Kulesi simo, sebenzisa amaconsi ekhaleni. Okokuqala, isigxobo sezinyosi sagezwa ngesisombululo saline ukuze sikwazi ukukhipha umcibisholo owedlule, bese ushaya amaconsi ambalwa omuthi esitsheni somntwana. Nakuba le mbono ingathinti iziguli ezincane, kodwa abazali abaningi bayavuma izidakamizwa ezinjalo zokuvikela i-antiviral izingane eminyakeni emibili. Ukubuyekezwa emaqenjini ahlukahlukene kufakazela ukuphumelela kwamaconsi emisipha ngokuqondile emakhazeni avamile nalabo abathandekayo.

Amakhandlela Antiviral

Mayelana nale fomu yemithi sekuye kwaziwa kamuva. Ngokuqinisekile ngoba abazali abazi ukuthi kungani amakhandlela e-antiviral akhiqizwa, bavame ukwenza ukukhetha hhayi kubo. Futhi yize kakhulu. Kuvela ukuthi izidakamizwa ezinjalo zokuvikela unqulo wesi arab kuphela ezinganeni ezineminyaka emibili zingabizi futhi ziyashesha. Ukungena emzimbeni ngendlela engumzila, into esebenzayo yomuthi (kuleli fomu, njengombuso, i-interferon) ishesha ngokushesha futhi ingene egazini. Lokhu kuvumela i-IFN ukuthi ihlinzekele ngokushesha imithi yokuvimbela i-antiviral kanye ne-immunomodulatory.

Sithole ukuthi kunenqwaba yezidakamizwa ze-antiviral ezinganeni. Zakhiwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha futhi zihluka ngokubunjwa. Esimeni ngasinye, omunye umuthi ungase ube ngaphansi noma osebenzayo. Ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa ze-antiviral zezingane kungcono ukuqondiswa nodokotela oya khona, bese ukusebenzisa kwabo kuhamba kuphela kumntwana okuhle.