Izinhlobo ukunyakaza. Kulula kabi

Umqondo ukunyakaza ingenye izigaba zefilosofi, kanye nabanye, ezifana ndaba futhi isikhathi ngamancozuncozu, okuyinto isisekelo sokuthethelelwa isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa njengoba singabali ngokujulile ashaqe sendaba ngeke. Buka nje ukuthi kukhona futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezinyakazayo ngokuya Mechanics classical.

Ngo-physics, kukhona kwesigaba olukhethekile Mechanics - kinematics. It etadisha ukunyakaza mechanical nezinhlobo zalo, mayelana ukunyakaza ayikanye into nokuxhumana yayo nezinye iinhlangano. Shintsha indawo isihlobo umzimba kuze kufike kolunye esikhathini esinikeziwe isikhathi futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-motion mechanical, okuyinto ngesiGreki kuzwakala "Kinematics".

Movement kwakwande kubusa ukuphila kwethu konke. Ukuhambisa abantu nezilwane ezihambayo emifuleni kanye lomoya, komhlaba nelanga. Kungenzeka ukuthi okwashiwo yasekuqaleni ngokunqoba kwamaGreki asendulo ukuze inqubo ezihambayo, futhi kamuva kwaholela ekusungulweni kwesayensi njengoba physics - okungenani ngokudalwa ezingxenyeni zalo, njengoba Mechanics kanye kinematics.

Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo mechanical ukunyakaza: rotary, reciprocating futhi oscillating. I motion Translational ungachazwa ukuthi umzimba wonke amaphoyinti ngalapho ofanayo ibanga elifanayo efanayo isikhawu sesikhathi. Lapho ezinyakazayo ukujikeleza noma ukuzungeza yingasiphi into sishukumiseleka kanye nemibuthano kabani izikhungo zitholakala umugqa libizwa eksisi ukujikeleza. It is kwakusho ukuhamba vibrational, okuyizinto njalo ngokugcwele noma ingxenye okuphindaphindiwe.

Uma ucabangela izinhlobo ukunyakaza, Sethule imiqondo emibili - ukuhamba iphuzu nomzimba. Empeleni, lonke incazelo umzimba ezihambayo akuyona nje incazelo ukuhamba amaphuzu zalo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho njalo ngokwanele elichaza ukuhamba iphuzu ukuqonda ukunyakaza komzimba. ezinyakazayo Translational libhekene ukunyakaza efanayo wonke amaphuzu umzimba, ngakho kuthathwa ngokuthi, kokucubungula motion iphuzu, siye sachazwa ngokuthi uhamba emzimbeni.

Noma kunjalo, konke izinhlobo ngenhla ukunyakaza akuzona elinganiselwe. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela kungaba rectilinear noma lwalugobile, nombala noma nombala ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukuchaza ubunjalo ezinyakazayo ezidingekayo ukwethula umqondo omusha futhi - trajectory. It singachazwa ngokuthi umugqa eduze lapho umzimba ihamba. Ngokusebenzisa ipeni ephepheni, singabona a umzila ukuthi ongumgqugquzeli wawo. Lena indlela ukunyakaza of the esibayeni.

Manje, lapho umuntu eba nomqondo trajectory, kungenzeka ukuthatha sihlolisise uhlobo ngaphambilini waphawula ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Ngakho, lapho phambili ukunyakaza trajectories amaphuzu ezahlukene kungaba ezahlukene, kodwa ahlale parallel ngokwabo. Njengoba isibonelo, wena kungabangela umzimba (kodwa hhayi amasondo) imoto ihamba iqonde. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela yenaliti ku motor umshini wokuthunga noma piston e uMbhalo - ezinye izibonelo ezinyakazayo Translational.

Umcabango trajectory iyachaza ezinyakazayo rectilinear futhi curvilinear. Uma trajectory kuyinto umugqa oqondile, kuba ukuhamba rectilinear, uma kungekhona - ke agobile. Njengoba isibonelo ukujikeleza ezinyakazayo curvilinear kungabangela Ukujikeleza eMhlabeni. Ukuzungelezisa akuyona reciprocating.

Yiqiniso, zonke ekhonjiwe kumane nje kuyingxenye yomthwalo yini okumele kubhekwane nayo ngokuthinta kwengqikithi ethi "ukunyakaza Izinhlobo". Ukuze uthole incazelo egcwele umlingisi motion kuyadingeka ukwethula imiqondo emisha - ezifana isivinini, ibanga, uzimele reference. Khona-ke singasinda ukuqonde ngokwengeziwe ubunjalo ukunyakaza njengoba iphuzu elilodwa, futhi umzimba iyonke. Kodwa ngisho banikezwe kusetshenziswa ukuvumela amazwibela kancane ezweni olungafani ukunyakaza.

I sihloko sikhuluma ezithathwe classical physics izinhlobo ukunyakaza, izibonelo izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezici zabo bachazwa.