KAFKA UFranz (Franz KAFKA). Imisebenzi, biography, izithombe

Franz KAFKA, omisebenzi yakhe bayaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, kwaba umbhali abakhuluma isiJalimane Lokudabuka abangamaJuda. Okumangazayo ukuthi, umlobi, manje eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kwakungeyona ezithandwayo, futhi wanyathelisa izindaba embalwa emfushane. Zonke igalelo lakhe kwezincwadi KAFKA makushiswe, kodwa umngane wakhe Max Brod akawulalelanga umyalo kaNkulunkulu, futhi kuphela sibonga emhlabeni athole ukuthi obani ababeyizithunywa omlobi ongaqondakali, futhi simazi kangcono imisebenzi yakhe.

komlobi ebuntwaneni

KAFKA Frants - a owaziwa umbhali German Lokudabuka abangamaJuda. Wazalwa ngo-July 3, 1883 kwelinye ghetto lasePrague, lapho ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ingxenye yoMbuso Austro-Hungarian. uyise wombhali - Hermann KAFKA - Czech-wayengumJuda, wasebenza njengoba umdayisi esitolo athole izinto zokuthunga, nonina - Julia KAFKA - uthi ngaphezulu isiJalimane, kanye France, okuyinto Nokho, bazi kahle ukuthi izinto Czech nesiFulentshi. Umndeni, ngaphezu kuye, zikhona izingane eziningana. Abazalwane ababili abasebasha yomlobi esizayo wafa ebuntwaneni, kodwa kwakusekuningi odade abathathu. Little Franz waya esikoleni kuze kube 1893, bese waya esikoleni, lapho lathweswa iziqu ngo-1901, wathola isitifiketi kamatikuletsheni.

iminyaka phakathi

Ekupheleni University of ePrague KAFKA wathola iziqu zakhe emthethweni. Ngemva kwalokho, wasebenza embonini umshwalense ngesikhathi isisebenzi sikahulumeni izikhundla elula. Ngo-1922, KAFKA kwesikhathi umhlala ngenxa yokugula. Nokho, ngesikhathi umsebenzi wawo somphakathi KAFKA wahlala ethembekile umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko - izincwadi, okuyinto enikelwe isikhathi esiningi. Ngenxa sofuba eside, lwaqala ngemva ukopha yamaphaphu, umbhali wafa 3 Juni, 1924. KAFKA ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wacela umngane wakhe ukuba ashise yonke imibhalo yesandla awashicilelwe, kodwa akazange amlalele, futhi baningi kangaka imisebenzi umbhali abanamakhono abangu kokushona kwakhe.

Izwe engaphakathi KAFKA

Kuyinto njalo kunzima ukuxoxa imizwa umuntu, ikakhulukazi uma uphila ukuphila esekusithekeni. Noma kunjalo, impilo yasemanzini umlobi odumile German Lokudabuka angamaJuda ayelapho bodokotela ubufakazi ngokuphathelene yomlando wakhe nje kuphela, kodwa imibono yakhe yokuphila. Yini ngempela kwakukhona uFranz KAFKA? "Incwadi kubaba", omunye imisebenzi lalobhalako, isibonelo kuyinto reflection omuhle kakhulu ubuhlobo kombhali kanye noyise eziningi zasebuntwaneni.

impilo

Kakhulu ekuphileni umbhali okukuthinte impilo yakhe, elase njalo waba nezinkinga. Kubhekwe umbuzo impikiswano noma ngabe izinkinga ubuyena zengqondo, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi lesi sifo abahlushwa umbhali, akungabazeki. ukudla imifino nokuvivinya umzimba njalo - lokho kufana bazama ukubhekana nalesi simo KAFKA. Franz wazama ubisi eziningi unpasteurized wenkomo, okungase kubangele isifo sofuba esingelapheki.

ukuphila Siqu

Kukholakala ukuthi ukwehluleka KAFKA othandweni phambi, ngezinga elithile ngenxa ubuhlobo baso uyise despotic, ngenxa okuyinto akalokothi ngakwazi abe nomkhaya. Nokho, ukuphila umbhali ubuhanjelwe abesifazane. Kusukela ngo-1912 kuya ku-1917 kwaba nomunye umuntu enganakile nge Felitsiey Bauer, owayehlala e-Berlin. Ngalesi sikhathi, baye wahlanganyela kabili, kodwa kokubili izikhathi kungase akulethi. KAFKA futhi Felicia okuxhunywana ikakhulukazi ngeposi, okwaphumela umcabango umbhali sekukhona ukungaqondi kahle mayelana nokuthi intombazane, kancane iqiniso. Kusukela lokusinda ukuxhumana kuyacaca ukuthi babengabantu abahlukahlukene baye bahluleka yokuthola ulimi olulodwa. Ngemva kwalokho KAFKA kwaba nobuhlobo ne Julia Vohrytsek, kodwa lokhu ukuzibandakanya naso maduze kukhanselwe. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-20-yalolucwaningo yomlobi waqala wathandana intatheli umhumushi amanoveli akhe - Milena Jesenská - ephinde wayeshadile. Ngo-1923, KAFKA nge muse yakhe Dora Dimant waya Berlin izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuhambisa kude nomkhaya kanye azinikele izincwadi.

ukufa

Ngemva kokuxoxa nomninikhaya ukuze Berlin, KAFKA wabuyela emuva ePrague. Kancane kancane sofuba wakhe ngokuya wawuqhubeka, ngokuletha izinselele ezintsha umbhali. Lokhu ekugcineni zaholela ekufeni ka Francis esibhedlela eduze Vienna, okwakubekelwa kungenzeka kudalwe yokukhathala. ubuhlungu ophikelelayo emphinjeni akamvumelanga ukuba adle, futhi kuyilapho ukwelapha ngokumpompela uketshezi kwaba kusaqalwa yentuthuko futhi ayikwazanga ukwenza i-ukudla ngemishini. umzimba umbhali omkhulu German sika uthuthwa ePrague, lapho wembelwa okusha Jewish Amathuna.

Franz KAFKA. ekudalweni

Isiphetho imisebenzi omlobi kuyinto engavamile ngempela. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, KAFKA ithalente lakhe wahlala engaziwa, futhi uvele nabezindaba ezimbalwa izindaba yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane, okuyinto beziphawuleka impumelelo ethile. abalobi Popular waqala ngemva kokufa, futhi kuphela ngenxa yokuthi umngane wakhe omkhulu - Max Brod - engamlaleli intando yakhe, futhi ishicilelwe amanoveli ukuthi KAFKA wafuna ashise, ukuze kungabikho muntu futhi bengalokothi bavumele nabo ukufunda. Kungenjalo, umhlaba ubungeke yini ukuthi ngobani KAFKA. Inoveli eshicilelwe Brod, ngokushesha waqala amehlo emhlabeni wonke. Zonke imisebenzi eshicilelwe umbhali, ngaphandle ezinye izincwadi ukuze Milena Jesenská zalotshwa German. Kuze kube manje, baye lahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi futhi baziwa emhlabeni wonke.

Indaba "The Metamorphosis"

Franz KAFKA kulo msebenzi ngokugcwele futhi bacindezeleke wakhe isici, ngendlela ezicindezelayo kubonakala imibono yakhe ubudlelwane babantu. The hero lobalulekile wendzaba - kungcono Gregor SAMSA, umuntu owake waphaphama ekuseni, uyaqaphela ukuthi selande laze laba izinambuzane kwesabeka giant. A ukuguqulwa ejwayelekile kumbhali izimo. KAFKA akubonisi izizathu alikhulumi ezenzeka ngaphambi, umlingiswa oyinhloko kwenzeka nje abhekane neqiniso lokuthi manje isinambuzane. Gregor SAMSA azibonayo ezizungezile ukubukeka kwakhe entsha ngalokujulile. Ubaba uvala ke egumbini, nodadewethu, ekuqaleni impela efudumele sihlobana uma eqhathaniswa nabanye, iza ngezikhathi ezithile uyondla. Naphezu izinguquko ngaphandle kulona, Gregor uyindoda efanayo nokukhulunywa, ingqondo nemizwa yakhe yakhe ayizange iguquke.

Ngoba wayeyisidalwa umondli womkhaya, futhi empeleni zonke izihlobo sincike Gregor, owayeneminyaka inoperable ngemva kokuguqulwa kwakhe, lo mndeni wanquma ukuthatha lodgers. abaqashi okusha liziphathe ifike, futhi izihlobo protagonist ngokuya ezibucayi nguye, ngokuba manje akakwazi uwagcine. UDade iqala ukuza kuncipha, futhi kancane kancane umndeni sikhohlwa okungamaphesenti izinambuzane, okuyinto ababengamasela isihlobo sabo. Indaba iphela kokufa umlingisi losemcoka, empeleni akuzange kumenze umndeni wakhe zingasekho imizwelo. Ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukugcizelela ukungabi nandaba nabantu ababemzungezile, ekupheleni umsebenzi, umlobi uchaza indlela izihlobo Gregor SAMSA ukungcebeleka uhlala engenazinkathazo.

ukuhlaziya

Komkhuba umbhali penmanship kubonakala endabeni "The Metamorphosis" ngokugcwele. Franz KAFKA udlala indzima yemlandzi kuphela yena akafuni ukuba isimo sengqondo sabo zezenzakalo ezichazwe. Eqinisweni, indaba incazelo ezomile imicimbi. Isici isitayela umbhali futhi protagonist, ovela ngaphambi engenabulungisa, ukhanda ngezinye izikhathi aluhlaza cwe. Lona idrama yomuntu sibhekene nezenzakalo Akabange esakwazi ukulwa. Naphezu ngesakhiwo kumnandi, endabeni, futhi kukhona imininingwane ngempela enengqondo ukuthi sibuya impela umkhiqizo zibe elibi.

"Inqubo" Roman

Njengezinye imisebenzi eminingi esiphawulekayo umbhali, lokhu msebenzi wakhe wanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Lokhu kuyefana inoveli KAFKA sika, eveza hhayi kuphela izakhi kungazwakali, kodwa futhi fantasy ne okwangempela. Ngokuvumelanayo ezihlangene, konke lokhu kuphakamisa inoveli zefilosofi, okuyinto wamlingisa yezifiso kombhali zokudala.

Akwaziwa ukuthi isimiso guided umbhali, ngokudala "inqubo", kodwa lo mbhalo wesandla sesakhiwe hhayi ibe egcwele yomkhiqizo, kwakugcwele sebuningini izahluko ehlukile. Kamuva isebangeni kwezikhathi izenzakalo, futhi ngale ndlela wonke basibona umsebenzi owenza KAFKA.

"Inqubo" utshela indaba ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu ngegama kaJosefa K., osebenza umsebenzi elula ebhange. Ngolunye usuku ekuseni, waboshwa abantu elingaziwa, ngaphandle ecacisa imbangela. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kuye ukubukela, kodwa kungabikho muntu okwamuka izinyathelo ayibophe.

Into eyangimangaza kunazo zonke lapha wukuthi Josef K. alazi ukuthi kusolakala, futhi wabekwa icala ngenxa yokuthi akazange khiqiza anything. Kuwo wonke umkhiqizo anakho ukuzama ukuqonda isizathu sokuboshwa kwakhe. Nokho, akunakwenzeka ngisho nalapho umsolwa sikhuthazele isigwebo sokufa futhi ngokushesha ukubulala buhlungu inhliziyo, "njengengonyama inja". Umdlali oyinhloko, wedwa emzabalazweni wabo, abakwazi ukufeza iqiniso.

"The Castle"

Lona omunye umlobi inoveli ne eziningi izakhi esiqintini engenangqondo, avame kakhulu wasebenzisa Franz KAFKA. "The Castle" - lo msebenzi, isitshela indaba a K. ezithile, owafika edolobhaneni ukusebenza njengoba Umdabuli. Lapho efika, ifunda ukuthi konke lapha ilawulwa enqabeni, kodwa siya emsebenzini noma ngisho uthole lapho, kumelwe bathole imvume.

K. uzama zonke izindlela ukuze uthole imvume, kodwa akazange ukuphatha ukwenza. Umphumela uba ukuthi emzaneni ayidingi Umdabuli, futhi K. ahlinzekwa okuthunyelwe ka umlindi. I protagonist uyavuma, ngoba akanasabelo okukhethayo. Le noveli ephula off ekuvakasheni Karl wenqola. Njengoba isisu umbhali, uKarl waba ukuhlala phakade lapha, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ashone wayeyokwazi umyalezo elapho edolobhaneni kwakuyinto engekho emthethweni, kodwa manje Castle emvumela ukuba uphile futhi usebenze lapha. Kodwa umngane wakhe, wathi kwakuyoba ukumisa umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha inoveli, futhi abuye abuyele kulo Akahlosile.

eminye imisebenzi

Ngaphezu kwalezi imisebenzi ngumlobi ziningi ezingadumile kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona amaqoqo eziningana tindzaba letimfisha, okwaqala ngokubekwa Franz KAFKA. "Encwadi Milena" - ingesinye sezibonelo zalokho umlobi epistolary lyric. Leli qoqo, equkethe Encwadini ebhalelwe lowo omunye abathandi bakhe - Milena Esinskoy, okuyinto ekuqaleni kwaba nje umhumushi yemisebenzi yakhe ku Czech. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi umbhali kanye Milena waqala romance ngeposi, okuyinto kakhulu ukuthonywa KAFKA, kodwa wamenza dabukisa nakakhulu kunangaphambili ke, ngemva kwatholakala ukuthi abalingiswa abazakhele bona nge azivumelani.

Kuyinto iqoqo, olwasungulwa KAFKA hhayi kuphela. Franz phakathi nokuphila kwakhe akhipha izindaba kuphela akuzange kumlethele udumo ezifana amanoveli, waqaphela ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kodwa bengebona emangalisayo ngaphansi nokubalulekile kwangesikhathi iphuzu kwezincwadi umbono. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kushiwo, futhi. Yini enye eye wadala emangalisayo Franz KAFKA? "Labyrinth" - iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha, okuhlanganisa umsebenzi igama elifanayo, futhi eziningi kwabanye, edume kakhulu lapho kubhekwa "Ukuphenywa inja."

isitayela

Ayinangqondo futhi okwangempela, ngokoqobo futhi letingemaciniso ... Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi yonke le imiqondo akuhambisani, kodwa umbhali ekwazile organically uzibophele izakhi of izitayela ezahlukene kanye izinhlobo. Master kwamagama, genius ngubani ayaziwangwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe kwaduma emhlabeni wonke - konke KAFKA. Franz waba uphawu lokuhlala kwenkathi, izwi lwesintu, eshumayela yedwa.

isiphetho

izinhlamvu akhe anjengamajuba: zibhekene nezinkinga ezingeke ingaxazululwa, futhi ungomunye nobuso nge phetho.

I nezikulu yamukelwa yamahlaya kwifomu we elibi e izindaba fabulous KAFKA. Akenzi bafuna ukubonisa hero noma indoda okungavamile, umtloli akutjela ngokwesaba ongabantu okuthile ephakeme, ukuze izwe ngaphandle, okuyinto ixhomeke ezimweni. izinhlamvu KAFKA eyinhloko - abantu abazithola ezimweni ezinzima, okuyinto musa ancike kuzo futhi sekunzima ingaxazululwa. Konke lokhu kuphakamisa yokungazethembi zabo, isizungu nokwesaba - zonke izinto njalo njengoba ayezungezwe abantu abayoba ukushayela usesimweni alamu.