Kuphi umfula uMoscow oma khona? Uhamba ngomfula iMoskva

Ezikhathini zasendulo, imizi yayivame ukwakha emigodini yemifula, ngoba yayimigwaqo yokuxhumana yemvelo. I-Latin elithi communicatio ihunyushwe ngokuthi "yenza jikelele, xhuma, uxhumane." Imishanguzo yamanzi ixhumane nomuzi nawo wonke umhlaba.

I-Port of the Five Islands

Uma idolobha liyichweba, futhi ngisho namaningi amaningi, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ixhunywe nabo ngokusebenzisa amanzi amaningi. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo othi "Ngumuphi umfula iMoscow onayo?" Ngokwemvelo. Futhi impendulo yokuqala, futhi uqinisile: "Emfuleni waseMoskva". Umuzi, oneminyaka engu-850 ubudala, wakhiwe, njengezindawo eziningi eziqinisiwe ngaleso sikhathi, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona imifula yamanzi. Ngisho namakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kokuvela kwenhloko-dolobha yamanje yaseRussia, lapho kusendaweni yehlathi eduze kwaseMoscow kwakukhona ama-steppes ehlathi, okungukuthi, e-Stone Age, ibhasi lomfula lalivele likhona. Isayithi le-Neolithic Age (isigaba sokugcina se- Stone Age) abavubukuli abathola ezindaweni eziningana zesikhungo samanje senhloko-dolobha, isibonelo, eSparrow Hills.

Indawo yokuhlala yasendulo

Izindawo zokuhlala zivela emfuleni wezikhukhula zomfula kamuva. Ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, isimo sashintsha, amahlathi angapheliyo, futhi abantu, ukuze baxhumane nomakhelwane babo, baqala ukuhlala emifuleni emikhulu nemincane yalesi sifunda. Uhlala lapha, ikakhulukazi i-vyatichi. Le nyunyana yamazwe ase-Eastern Slavs iye yagcina igama layo lide kunamanye, okusho, ngokusho kwesinye sezihumusho eziyinhloko, ihumusha ngokuthi "isizwe esikhulu". Bekukhona emakhulwini e-VIII-XIII futhi bahlala emigodini ye-Oka engenhla nephakathi. Sekuse-VIII i-vyatichi leminyaka eyakhiwe emigodini yemifula iSetuni neRamenki, Gorodyni, Yauza neKotlovka, iChertanovka neNiglinnoye. Impendulo yombuzo othi "Ngabe imiphi imifula iMoscow ikhona?" Iphakamisa yona. Imifula ehlongozwayo iyimifucumfucu yoMfula uMoscow ngokwawo, noma i-tributaries yezinhlanzi zayo. Okusho ukuthi, idolobha liseduze emifuleni eminingi, imifula nemifula.

I-Etymology yegama

Kusele ukuqonda ukuthi yini igama layo elivela kulo - emfuleni ukusuka emzini, noma ngokuphambene nalokho. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukucacisa lokhu, ngoba ukuphikisana akuzange kube khona kuze kube manje, futhi kuvele kuphela amandla okuvuselelwa kusukela kumunye umshini ovele uvele, isibonelo, kuhle kakhulu ukuthi igama elithi "Moscow" lihunyushwe ngokuthi "amandla". Lokhu kufana neqiniso - iMoscow bekulokhu inhloko yombuso onamandla. Kodwa kusukela esikhathini esidlule, igama lalibhekwa njenge-hydronym, okungukuthi, elihlobene namanzi, futhi lihunyushwe kusukela ezilimini zasendulo ngokuthi "amanzi amnyama", "udaka", ngisho "namanzi". Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi konke lokhu kuthunyelwa kusho umfula ojulile, onamandla, oshisayo wezitha.

Ukuma e-confluence

Ngandlela-thile, kodwa ngo-1147, ogwini lomfula omkhulu ohamba ngomkhumbi, endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona ukuhlala ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili, idolobha livela, okwakuthi-ke, ngenxa yemigwaqo yamanzi ne-volost, yayixhunywe noVolga noDon, With Novgorod noSmolensk, ke izikhungo ezinkulu kunazo zokuthenga eRussia.

Mhlawumbe umbuzo othi "Ngumuphi umfula iMoscow?" Uvela ngenxa yokuthi lo mshini wamanzi unamagatsha angu-44 nemifula nemifudlana egeleza kuwo? Amanye ama-tributaries ayemkhulu kakhulu, futhi leli phuzu elisezindaweni ezisemadolobheni lalisencane lalisencane, kusukela entshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga lahlanzwa yi-Neglinnaya, hhayi nje eMfuleni waseMoscow. Futhi sasidinga okuthile, ogwini oluseduze - Neglinnoy, Yauza, Chertanovka noma uMfula waseMoscow. Ngakho impendulo kungenzeka ibe yinye. Kubalulekile ukubheka inhloso ephakanyiswa ngayo umbuzo, ngukuphi isikhathi ehlobene ngayo.

Amagama ajwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni

Uma ukhumbule imidwebo evela kumabhayisikobho "Abangane Abathembekile", lapho, ngokumelene nesizinda soMfula i-Yauzy ohamba phambili, ingoma ethi "... isikebhe sasihamba ngomfula uMfula iYauza ..." kuzwakala ekusebenzeni kukaBoris Chirkov, umbuzo ozwakalayo ungase uphakamise: "Ngumuphi umfula iMoscow okuma kuwo? "Konke, eduze kwamagagasi alo mfula, namanzi, usakaze inhloko-dolobha.

Lona manje u- Neglinka, umfula enhliziyweni yaseMoscow, ngoba u-7.5 km uhlanganiswe epayipi. Futhi abathengisi bangaphambilini bevela ezweni lonke bahambela ogwini lwawo, baya ezindaweni zokuhweba. Ukusekela lokho okushiwo, singakwazi ukuletha isithombe somculi uG. Lari, okhombisa umfula onamandla ngebhuloho elikhulu lamatshe kulo lonke. I-Neglinnaya yayiyisivikelo eKremlin kusukela entshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga - yayinkulu kakhulu. Ezamabhizinisi ayo athuthukile, izakhiwo ezakhiwe. Futhi impendulo yombuzo othi "Ngumuphi umfula umuzi waseMoscow?" Kunengqondo, kusukela ezindebeni zazakhamuzi zalesisifunda impendulo ingaba: "On Neglinka." Kwakugcwele amanzi okwakungenxa yayo ukuthi izimpawu ezinjalo zezinhloko ezinkulu njengezakwaBuznetsk, zePetrovsky neVoznesenskii zaziphonswa. Kwaqala eMaryina Grove. Kwakungekho eminye imifula lapho. Izakhamuzi zaleso sikhathi saseMoscow zazihlala ogwini iNeglinnoy.

Ezinye imifula

Yonke into ekhuluma ngeYauza neNeglinna isebenza ngokugcwele ku-Setuni naseGorodnya - ama-tributaries amakhulu eMfuleni waseMoscow, okwamanje uneziteshi ezivulekile. Indawo enkulu yaseMoscow, eseningizimu yenhloko-dolobha, yathola igama layo kusukela emzaneni waseChertanovka, owawusogwini lolo gama, umkhumbi weDolobha. Futhi izakhamizi zalo zazizophendula ngokungaqondile umbuzo othi "Ngumuphi umfula umuzi waseMoscow on?". Yiqiniso, mhlawumbe ngekhulu le-17 umzana waseChertanovka wawungeyona isifunda se-megalopolis samanje, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia itholakala emigodini yemifula eminingana egijima kanye nemlando yabo ekhazimulayo kuyiqiniso.

Ulwazi lwendawo

Ngokungangabazeki, enkulu kunabo bonke uMfula waseMoscow, kuwo umi idolobha elihle enegama elifanayo. Futhi inkazimulo yakhe iyahambisana. Ngenye ingxenye yagcwalisa yona ngezindleko ze-Volga. Ubude bayo esiteshini esidala ngu-502 km, okusha, "kulungiswe" - 473. Umthombo utholakala phezulu kwe-Smolensk-Moscow Upland, kodwa ugeleza u-Oka. Endaweni yomthombo yi-chapel encane. Emaphethelweni alo mfula kunamakhosazane angaphezu kwayishumi nambili kanye ne-9, ngaphandle kwenhloko-dolobha ngokwayo, imizi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona iKolomna, iMozhaisk, iVoskresensk neZvenigorod. Umbuzo othi "eMoscow kunoma yimuphi umfula okhona?" Ubhekisela endulo yasendulo, ekukhulunyweni kokuqala kwenhloko yamanje, kusukela ngo-1147. Kukhona idatha egciniwe esevele i-1156 kunezingqimba endaweni yeKremlin, futhi wayithatha indawo yamahektare amathathu. Eyokuqala kwezakhiwo zayo kwakhiwe ebhange elingakwesokunxele, njengoba kufanele liqinisekiswe. Zonke izinhlawulo zazisetshenziselwa ukwenza lo muzi ungatholakali ezitheni.

"Itholakala emagqumeni ayisikhombisa", - kubonakala kuhle kakhulu

Amagquma ayisikhombisa aseMoscow, lapho eselulele khona, ayathandwa kakhulu kunomfula ngokwawo. Amadolobha amaningi emhlabeni athi ilungelo lokuphatha izindawo ezifana ne-Amman (Jordan), iVilnius, iPrague, i-Edinburgh, i-Ekaterinburg, iKarlovy Vary. Futhi futhi efuywayo - Khanty-Mansiysk, Shakhty, Kirov. Ngokufanele futhi ngokuthembekile emagqumeni ayisikhombisa yiMoscow neRoma. Kunezinhlu lapho kuboniswa khona uConstantinople, eKiev, eWashington. Phakathi kwabo kuneziRussia - uNizhny Novgorod noSmolensk, Izhevsk, Ufa nabanye abanye. Yiqiniso, idolobha liba ngcono kakhulu ukuvakashela, elinesixhumanisi esinjalo ekhadini lebhizinisi.

Amagquma aseMoscow

Ngandlela-thile, izintaba eziningi zaseMoscow zingabizwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-toponyms yabo igxila ezindlebeni zanoma ubani othanda isiko laseRussia - i-Vvedensky Mountains (ehlanganisa i-Vorobyovy Mountains and Lefortovo Hill), iTagansky (futhi i-Zayauzie noma i-Shvivaya Gorka) namagquma aseSretensky (noma eSurerevsky), eTverskaya (Strastnaya Gorka) naseBorovitsky, " Izintaba ezintathu ", ezihlanganisa izifunda zaseVagankovo nasePunnya.

Esikhathini esidlule, isibonelo, phakathi nekhulu le-16, amagquma ayisikhombisa aseMoscow abizwa ngokungafani - iChertolsky Hill nePhkov Hill, iStaro-Vagankovsky kanye neRoll Hills, i-Ivanovskaya Gorka, i-Takansky neBorovitsky Hills. Futhi bonke bahlukaniswa yimifula emincane nemifula, ngokusho ukuthi, uma bengabonakali emipayipi, futhi amabhange ayinhle futhi egcwele izinto, imizila yokuhamba kwamanzi ihlelwe namuhla.

Ukuqala komfula omkhulu wedolobha elikhulu

Okumangalisa kakhulu, yiqiniso, kuhamba eMfuleni waseMoscow. Yiqiniso, amanzi angogwini omfula "wamakhosi", njengoba kushiwo encwadini eyodwa, awagcuthwanga imifula, futhi akagcini izigaba ezehlukene zokufika lapho izinkanyezi zeMoscow ziphila ngokulandela isibonelo sikaPilbert Richard, kodwa kungani emingceleni yomuzi onjalo oyingqayizivele newokuqala njengeMoscow, umgwaqo omkhulu wamanzi Futhi hhayi "umbusi". Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhamba eduze noMfula iMoskva manje kunzima kangangokuthi kunzima ukuwabiza ngokuthi igama elilodwa. Ezihlukahlukene ngesikhathi, ubude, izinhloso zemigwaqo kanye nezikebhe ezihlongozwayo, ziba imboni ezimele ehlose ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zamaMuscovites.

Imizila ehlukahlukene

Abancane, abathandekayo emhlabeni jikelele, ama-trams nemikhumbi emikhulu yanamuhla yokuhamba ngezinkampani, izindawo zokudlela ezithantayo nezikebhe ezincane zemithetho ngayinye. Ububanzi bezinsizakalo ezinikeziwe bukhulu kakhulu futhi buhlukahlukene, ngoba uhambo oluzungeza uMfula waseMoscow lulokhu luvame kakhulu. Ayikho ifilimu enhlokodolobha yaseRussia, engenayo indawo ehambisana nokuhamba ngamanzi, ikakhulukazi izigcawu zokuhamba ezindizeni zamanzi ngaphansi kwamabhuloho adumile enhloko-dolobha, okuyiyona eningi ebhaliwe. I-novel yomlobi u-Alexander Terekhov ibizwa ngegama elithi Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge. Kukhona imigwaqo yokubona indawo ehlinzekela le ndima ngaphansi kwamabhuloho amakhulu enhloko-dolobha - eCrimean nasePatriatrika, Moskvoretsky naseGreat Kamenny.

Futhi kuhle kangakanani ibhuloho laseB Bogdan Khmelnitsky! Esinye sezizinda zawo sinesiteshi sezinhlanzi zasolwandle, esivela lapha yonke ihora lesehora kusukela ngo-11: 00 kuya ku-21: 00. Kuneziteshi eziningi ezinjalo eMfuleni waseMoscow. Yiziphi izindawo kuphela ezingahlanganiswa nemizila yokuhamba kwamanzi, lapho kuphela ukungena eMfuleni waseMoscow on tram yamanzi! Muva nje, ipaki yezindawo zokuhamba emfuleni iye yagcwaliswa futhi yaguqulwa ngisho nangaphandle. Kunezihlobo ze-catamarans ezihle kakhulu, zikhona izitsha ezincane ezisheshayo emgodini we-air - zimibalabala futhi zihlelekile. Emini angasetshenziswa njengezokuthutha komhlaba, isibonelo, ukufika endaweni yomsebenzi noma emuva. Omunye wemigwaqo endala kakhulu futhi edume kakhulu, emide futhi ethandwayo yiyindlela yokuhamba esiteshini sesitimela saseKievin eya eBridge i-Novospassky. Ehlobo, yonke imizila iyadingeka.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga

I-artery central water artery, yebo, inezinkinga zayo. Indima enkulu ekuphileni kwanamuhla idlala yi-intanethi. Akunakwenzeka ukuyiqaphela, naphezu kokuthi ubani ongakwazi ukuveza umbono wakhe. Izihloko ezinzima zezihloko, imibono eqinile - kukhona konke. Ngakho-ke, ngombhalo onjengokuthi "ihhovisi likaMeya waseMoscow alwazi ukuthi umfula idolobha lini", kunzima ukumangala noma ukucasula noma ubani esikhathini sethu. Gxila ukunakwa-mhlawumbe. Imifula iyancibilika futhi yanyamalala, abanye bafika emipayipi. Futhi uma kukhona okungu-44 kubo, kungenzeka ukuthi akuzona zonke iziMuscovites zasemdeni, njengabasebenzi behhovisi likaMeya, azi amagama abo, futhi kufanele akhathazeke ngezinkinga zabo. Esihlokweni esifanayo, umfula oyinhloko yenhloko-dolobha ubizwa ngokuthi "umbusi" futhi "ufile". Umfula wamanzi udla idolobha - ingabe umthombo onjalo ungathiwa ufile? Noma isibonakaliso sokwemvelo kuba khona kwamahholo okudansa emanzini? Ngakho-ke bazobe bekhona. Kodwa uma lesi sihloko senzelwe ukunaka iziphathimandla zedolobha ngezinkinga ezikhona, ngakho-ke "kungani kungenjalo?" - umuntu angasebenzisa inkulumo enjalo. Mhlawumbe bayodlula.

Imibuzo yemibuzo

Yiqiniso, wonke amaMuscovites akaphoqelekile ukuba akhumbule amagama emzimbeni wamanzi nemifudlana ehlakazekile endaweni enkulu yedolobha lanamuhla. Kodwa izakhamizi zezifunda ezincane ziyazi futhi zithanda imifula yazo emikhulu nemincane. EMoscow, kunezinsika ezinjalo, lapho kugcinwa khona izigumbulu ngamagundane, eduze kwamagquma omfula wendawo, futhi eziqhingini lapho kukhona izimpungushe, hhayi nje kuphela. Isibonelo, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha, ehlathini lase-Aleshinsky, endaweni lapho uMfula i-Brotovka ugeleza khona, i-sbutton yangasese yeSkhodnya. Futhi yini engekho! Iziqhamuka nezimbali zezilwane, izindawo ezingavamile ezingavamile. Kodwa hhayi wonke amaMuscovites ayazi lokhu. Ngakho umbuzo oqala ngamagama athi "luhlobo luni lomfula eMoscow ..." lungaphelelwa ngezincazelo ezinjengokuthi "inhle kakhulu, ethandwa, eyaziwayo, ekhohliwe, engekho ohlwini lwasimanje, yaphela".