Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu (sokuzingela): isici. Ngemishini ububanzi Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu

Sniper sokuzingela Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu 7,62 ithuthukiswe 1958-1963 ngaphansi kobuholi abaklami Soviet Dragunova E. F. Kuyinto isikhali semi-automatic, imishini yayo kusekelwe amandla powder amagesi akhishwe wazalela igesi piston.

Izingcaphuno ezazivela eSoviet Military Encyclopedia

Snipers baqeqeshiwe izandla, abangamalungu kahle ubuciko sifihle, observation and marksmanship; bakwazi hit ilitshe le shot lokuqala. Ngokusemthethweni, le sharpshooters siqala-British Army ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Injongo eyinhloko yawo lezi fighters ukubhubhisa nokuthuthela ezibalulekile, evulekile, futhi avele Okuqondiwe isifihlwa olulodwa. Kungaba lokudutshulwa isitha, izingqapheli, abaphathi kanye nabanye axhunyiwe. I Bhalobhasha ehlome isibhamu ifakwe isibhamu ekhethekile. Nomlilo ke ekhetha futhi isihlomisela sesimweni ezifihliwe. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, zonke izinhlaka ukuba zinqobe kabanzi lokudutshulwa efakwe aqeqeshelwa lokhu kumisa ezikoleni ezikhethekile ukuba nemihlangano izifundo. Ngo-USSR, idatha mass inkositini art wayebizwa ngokuthi sniper ukunyakaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mqondo isibe undabuzekwayo ngenxa yalokho waziwa ngokuthi sharpshooters zezindiza, wezikhali kanye ithangi amabutho.

Sniper izibhamu anemisila nokuzwa optical, ethuthukisa ukunemba kuhloswe futhi ahlinzeke ukubhekwa ezinhle kunoma iyiphi imvelo. Ukuze kokudubula ebusuku lesi sikhali ukukhwezwa embonweni wasebusuku zokungcebeleka , noma zifake optical igridi ukukhanyisa. Kuze kube ngasekuqaleni 60-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule ku Army Soviet awuzange ezikhethekile sniper izibhamu, futhi wasebenzisa 'Mosin' izibhamu isampula 1891/30, Nokho izindlela zempi zishintshile, futhi okuhlangenwe nakho izingxabano wendawo esidlule osethe inani izimfuneko kunjalo sniper. Ngakho, isigaba esisha ekuthuthukiseni lolu hlobo isikhali. Manje sisungule futhi akhiwe ngaphansi oda ekhethekile kuzo zonke izingxenye kusukela igobolondo kanye emehlweni optical futhi kokuqeda ngibelethe isibhamu.

Umlando kokudaliweyo ngowokuqala Soviet sniper sokuzingela

Ngo-1958, uMnyango we-USSR Wezokuvikela wakhipha nezimfuneko Tactical futhi technical sokuthuthukiswa semi-automatic sniper izibhamu 7,62. Izimbangi esemqoka kule mncintiswano baba Izhevsk umklami Dragunov E. F. futhi Kovrov umklami Konstantinov A. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasampula yabo okufakiwe Simonov SG & D Ithimba Kalashnikov MT ethulwa inguqulo yocwaningo Dragunov sokuzingela Cer-58 owawukhuluma kuqala "ukuhlangabezana" e izidingo esiqinile ebekwa lempi, ngemva kwalokho kwaba khona imodeli Ushintshe NE-61. Ngemva kokuhlolwa ngokuqhathanisa prototypes Konstantinov futhi Dragunov esekhipha isinqumo ku ukwamukela iphrojekthi Dragunov. Ngakho, Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu sokuzingela, izimfanelo ahlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, sacala kusebenta kakade ngo-1963, ngaphansi 6V1 uphawu.

Unthando kusiza ...

Ukuthuthukiswa nezinhlamvu omusha sokuzingela lwenziwe ngabacwaningi Research Institute №61 Sabelnikov V M., Sazonov PF Dvoryaninov VN Lokhu igobolondo nge inhlamvu kokuba core steel, kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu iminyaka emine ngemva ngezibhamu kakhulu ( ngo-1967) futhi wathola 7N1 inkomba. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa umbono optical PSO-1 waphendula onjiniyela Soviet Ovchinnikov VI futhi Glyzov L. A. Technology yokukhiqiza ngokunemba emgqonyeni salokhu sokuzingela athuthukile Samoylov I. A. Ngokuvamile Gossips ingasaphathwa tintfo letifanako kanye netintfo AK Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu izinhlelo, bona wazi ukuthi zingabantu kucishe ezishintshayo nge ukususwa powder amagesi kusukela emgqonyeni ngokusebenzisa ukuvulwa uhlangothi, kanjengoba kwenzeka isiteshi ngokuvula yesivalo kanye kabili esebenza non-othomathikhi ukuphepha isigwedlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mshini inhlamvu isando has simise efanayo mainspring. Akungabazeki ukuthi ezinye izakhi ziye lathathwa AK, kodwa Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu sokuzingela, awuwona ngempela umshini ikhophi, isistimu ezimele, kanye nobufakazi lokhu kuyizinto izici zalesi isikhali, okuyinto sethula ngezansi.

umehluko abathandwayo Dragunov ngezibhamu, ehambisana ne-"sniper", "Izinjongo

Ake sibheke ukuthi yini eyenza umehluko ohlelweni isikhali ezimele. Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu-sokuzingela umshudo yenethiwekhi aluhlanganiswa nge piston igesi lapho (kanye pusher) yakhelwe njengoba isakhi ehlukile siqu ukubuya entwasahlobo yayo. Bona bathatha isikhundla ukuqala emva udoti ozimele. ezinyakazayo okuzenzakalelayo is ukubola zibe ukunyakaza ngokulandelana izingxenye ngabanye. Ngakho, lokhu kuholela ekwandeni esikhathini impendulo mshini futhi ukunciphisa isisindo isiyonke izingxenye ezinyakazayo ndawonye. Lomgomo ngcono olubushelelezi ka drawdown othomathikhi bese smoothes umthwalo pulsed. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlangano has a igesi eziqhutshwa igesi Umlawuli edingekayo ukuze uvumelane indlela yokuzithiba ukulayisha ukusebenza ezimweni yokusebenza nzima.

yesivalo indlela

Uqale-esangweni isibhamu ifakwe idivayisi lugs ezintathu izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Lokhu kwenza inqubo ukukhiya okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kodwa futhi kunciphisa engela ukujikeleza indlela. isibambo elishajekayo elise ohlangothini lwesokudla futhi kwakhiwa integrally nge luhlaka slide. Inhlanganisela lesi sakhiwo esikhulu nge yesivalo ukukhanya uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka operation enokwethenjelwa kakhulu.

I-trigger indlela

USM Lokhu sniper sokuzingela libuthene Ekhabetheni ehlukile, ikwazi ukunikeza kuphela umlilo olulodwa. Isici sokuqala mshini ukusebenzisa inhlamvu (ngaphezu umsebenzi wayo ophambili nosemqoka) njengoba sear disconnector futhi inhlamvu silingo. Non-othomathikhi ukuphepha isigwedlo kuvuliwe amabhlogo izifiso kanye inhlamvu, kanye ihlanganisa cutout kusukela umamukeli.

Bed and Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu osetshenziswayo

Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu-isibhamu has notch izici ngesidunu ukuthi phambi usiko yakha isango isibhamu. Framework ukuma ivumela ukugcina isikhali isandla sakhe sokhohlo, ofeza sokudubula ne stop. On ngesidunu kungenziwa exhunywe angahlelekile "esihlathini 'esikhiphekayo futhi mbi-sekupheleni. Kumiswa mbi-Ukuphela by plate amabili ziyalingana isiqu, ezithinta nezikhala kangcono Ukupholisa isibhamu. Pads ifakwe entwasahlobo-agibele amahhashi ukuze iphuzu ibhokisi ukwesekwa ku-eksisi umgqomo. Ngenxa yalokho, umzamo ukunikeza bangisekela isandla sokuzingela, akuphazamisi Imiphumela kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukunwebeka stem kubangelwa amalahle le shot, i-ibhodi lemisindo iqhubekela phambili kancane; kusukela izimo sihehe musa ukushintsha, khona-ke alikho displacement we okuthiwa maphakathi no-iphuzu contact. Kusukela yaqala ukuba khona, Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu (isithombe, kulesi sihloko, sibonisa izikhali kubhekwe) asitholayo izigaba eziningana yesikhathi sesimanje. Ngenxa yalokho, i-buttstock sokhuni handguard kwathathelwa indawo nge plywood laminated, ukuguqulwa yesimanje iza Butt plastic kanye zezinhlangothi ingilazi fibre kwagcizelela polyamide abamnyama. Lezi zinguquko encishisiwe isisindo Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu.

izinhlamvu

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, usayizi Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu kuyinto 7,62h53. Ukudla sokuzingela eyenziwe ijoka kabili metal ibhokisi wemboni detachable ezimise kabani umthamo cartridges eziyishumi. Abaklami kufanele ucabangele indawo esitolo ukuze maphakathi gravity isikhali wabekwa phezu kwalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa nezinhlamvu has cishe akunamthelela ibhalansi sokuzingela, futhi ngenxa yalokho on shift iphuzu kusho umthelela. Ukuze kokudubula kusuka sniper Dragunova esetshenziswa, ngaphandle igobolondo okhethekile 7N1 futhi isibhamu igobolondo 57-H-223 nge inhlamvu engasindi nge 7T2 Tracer inhlamvu, kanye 7B3 nge udibi Ukubhoboza icala incendiary nabanye.

amathuluzi okubona

Reticle Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu PSO-1 has a ukwanda emine ngeshumi inkambu Ngenxa 6%. Inama a retractable lens hood futhi eyecups iraba zokuzivikela. Reticle has a esigcawini main, eyenzelwe zokudubula ibanga ikhilomitha elilodwa, kanye owengeziwe - 1.1, 1.2 no 1.3 km - futhi izinga izichibiyelo lateral. Ngaphezu kwalokho, PCP-1 inikeza rangefinder isikali usebenzisa ububanzi sextant Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu inikeza ukuphakama bekuhloswe 1.7 m (womuntu yobude obugcwele sibalo) ukunemba amamitha 50. Reticle ukukhanyisa idivayisi lusekelwa ngamandla ebhethri ezifakiwe egunjini elikhethekile e izindlu. Esikhathini yokukhanya we ipuleti Fluorescent sifakwe, elikwazi ukuzwa izinto ezinemisebe infrared. Njengoba i asizayo idivayisi mechanical esetshenziswa - wemboni emehlweni kubalwa ibanga 1.2 km kanye phambi kwamehlo adjustable. PSO-1 yokukhanya wanikeza isisekelo sokubona ukudalwa zomkhaya nokuzwa, kuhlanganise PSO-1-M2. Ngemishini ububanzi Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu nale imodeli in the uhla kusuka km 0.1 kuya 1.3. Ngo-1989, kwakunabamemezeli 1P21 amadivayisi amasha. Lokhu yokukhanya Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu has kwenombolo kokukhulisa ratio kusuka 3 kuya 9, ensimini yayo Ukubuka 6 °, ngokulandelana 11 '- 2 ° 23'. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivaysi ingasetshenziswa reticle okukhanyisa nge control ukugqama.

Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu rifle-: izici kwezikhali

Ubude Imininingwane isikhali ngaphandle insabule ka 1225 mm ubude emgqonyeni - 620 mm. Isisindo kanye umagazini ezinezinhlamvu futhi emehlweni optical - 4,52 kg. Igobolondo - 7,62h53. I kokuqala ichashazi Isivinini kuyinto 830 m / s. Combat izinga - 30 imizuliswano ngomzuzu (ngempela yalokho okuhle, ikhumbula kuphela labadubuli kwimodi olulodwa ngesikhathi Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu sniper sokuzingela). Kokudubula ububanzi nge emehlweni telescopic kuyinto 1300 metres, futhi nedivaysi mechanical - 1200 amamitha. Magazine umthamo - 10 imizuliswano.

Umgomo we operation

isikhali okuzenzakalelayo usebenza isimiso ekususeni ezivuthayo Propellant amagesi ngokusebenzisa ukuvulwa ekhethekile emgqonyeni. Ukukhiya ngokuvula indlela yokuvala kwewashi. Umehluko omkhulu kusukela izenzo wesifunda njengoba Kalashnikov ukuthi igobolondo rammer liyasetshenziswa njengenhlangano lugs ezengeziwe (emgqeni wesithathu). Lokhu kwenza ukuba, ngaphandle ukuma Ubukhulu transverse we yesivalo kanye engela ukujikisa, mayelana nohafu ukwandisa lugs ndawo. Ngenxa yalokho, la maphuzu amathathu ihange unikeze isikhundla esitebeleni kakhulu lo mshini, okungase kube nomthelela ukwanda ukunemba umlilo. Lapho kokudubula ingxenye amagesi Propellant ukuthi ulandele ichashazi ngokusebenzisa ndima igesi ogangeni emgqonyeni agelezela egumbini elinegesi nokulapho futhi ukucindezela ku odongeni phambi piston. Ngenxa yalokho, i-piston kanye plunger futhi uzimele slide alahliwe isikhundla labaqaphi elingemuva.

Kuleli qophelo, kuvulwa ayizalayo, wathi ibhawudo okukhishwe emkhonweni esuka egumbini futhi ejects likhiphe umamukeli. Ngemva kwalokho, uzimele esangweni licindezele ukubuya entwasahlobo kanye cocks, ie ubeka Leli qembu ukukhululwa othomathikhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi isenzo mshini nokubuyiselwa zonke timphawu tesakhiwo phinda phambili esikhundleni sazo sokuqala. Lapho yesivalo kufanele zithunyelwe igobolondo elilandelayo ekamelweni likaJehohanani umnikazi futhi ikhiye ayizalayo, wathi umshudo yenethiwekhi kususa sear nge cocking inhlamvu timer bese ubeka cocked yayo. Ukukhiya esangweni isiteshi emgqonyeni ngokuvula ke kwesokunxele kanye nesibekandzaba lugs ku kude owamukelayo.

Ukuze shot esilandelayo, ukukhulula bese ziyasiqhumisa. Lapho esededelwe induku ihamba phambi isikhundla nehhuku yayo iphumele phezu sear. Ngokuchofoza hook hook uzungeza sear, kanjalo iyanqamula cocked yayo kanye inhlamvu. Lesi sakamuva, ngaphansi isenzo mainspring uzungeza kuma-axis awo kanye has a pin labadubuli, okuyinto uthuthela isikhundla phambili futhi ukhiqiza kokuhlephula capsule. Wokhela ingxube Propellant igobolondo, kanti wadubula. Lapho le shot zokugcina wenziwa, shutter is kubuyiswe futhi umnikazi Element Uphakamisa stop yokucina. Yena oba kanye Uhlaka eyeka isikhundla labaqaphi elingemuva. It ukhonza njengelungu umcibisholo isignali ukuthi kufanele ukulayisha isibhamu futhi.

umqondo ukusetshenziswa

Ukuze ngesandla combat IRS ingalungiswa insabule ejwayelekile uhlobo (6x4). Nakuba le mfanelo phezu sniper sokuzingela ivelakancane futhi kubalulekile neze. Noma kunjalo, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi isikhali edalwa njengendodana ukuhlonyiselwa commando amayunithi amancane, futhi iphoqelekile ukuba inikeze i isicelo kwayo ngesikhathi Melee.

Ngokuvamile, umklamo IRS, izimfanelo okwakukhona ngempela umxhwele, kwaba ebucayini ezinhle kakhulu phakathi jikelele ukulwa kanye sniper izidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu isibhamu waba ngowokuqala ibutho isikhali design okuyinto izici imishini ezemidlalo sisobala. Ukuze 60-70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, le Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu has a ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu. Experience lisitshela ukuthi nale sniper ukushaywa okuhloswe at ibanga neze selitholakala kuze kufinyelele 800 amamitha. Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu uhla imigomo ezifana "ubambo ukuma" (50x50 cm) kufika ku amamitha 600 kanye "umfanekiso ikhanda" (25x30 cm) - amamitha angu-300.

Battle enkazimulweni

ukuthandwa Ngokulinganiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu, lokhu sniper sokuzingela aluthola ngesikhathi izingxabano zempi Afghanistan Chechnya. Lokhu kungenxa amandla eziphakeme Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu, ogama izici bavunyelwe ukuqhubeka umlilo olunembile ezintabeni. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ayinalo uhlobo omunye impi kuqedile ngaphandle ukubandakanyeka esebenzayo lokudutshulwa, ngakho lolu hlobo isikhali kwaba futhi luyohlale funa.

Kuze kube manje, ukushintshwa ezihlukahlukene Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu sakhiwa amabutho emazweni angaphezu kuka-kwabayisithupha by. ongakhetha ezihlukahlukene zahlabeka ekhishwe eChina, Iraq, Romania. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphetho sethu wabonisa mutual sniping, ezingela futhi yezemidlalo izikhali. Phela esakhiwe usebenzisa isipiliyoni ngokudubula ezemidlalo sokuzingela Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu saba nomthelela omkhulu, futhi usekhonze njengephayona isisekelo uchungechunge ukuzingela ngezibhamu ezifana "Bear", "Tiger" futhi OC-18.

Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu sniper sokuzingela: intengo

abazingeli Novice bavame ukubuza uma bangathenga izikhali zempi, ikakhulukazi sokuzingela Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu, njengoba ukuzingela. Nokho, umthetho Russian iyakwenqabela ukudayiswa Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu ku ubunikazi yangasese. Kodwa nokho kukhona isixazululo: isitshalo Izhevsk ukhiqiza ebukezwe amakhophi ukulwa sokuzingela Dragunov esingu ukulondolozwa. Ngenxa yalokho, yimuphi umuntu onentshisekelo angathenga ikhophi yale umkhiqizo ngokuhambisana nezidingo forensic Ministry Interior ku ezibekwe imali yesevisi izikhali ezisetshenziswa umphakathi. Nokho, ngokushesha amqinisekise umfundi - lolu shintsho akuphazamisi ukusebenza kanye ezibekiweko of the isibhamu. Ngu igama layo prefixed KO, okusho "ukuzingela sokuzingela". Inani Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu kuyinto ruble ayizigidi 62. Uma umzingeli akusho angenze amanani entengo aphezulu, uyakwamukela okuthembekile, enamandla, osekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa isikhali esikhulu simkhonze ngokwethembeka nganoma yisiphi unyaka owodwa.

Ekuphetheni

Dragunov sniper sokuzingela ikufakazele ngokwaso njengoba esinamandla futhi enokwethenjelwa, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi waqhubeka okungcono kuhlanganiswe izingalo imodeli. Kodwa lolu shintsho, bulukhuni okwandisa kanye ukunwetshwa imisebenzi wezempi ingaxazululwa ngokuthi sniper ezimpini zanamuhla, kudingeka ukuthuthukisa uhlelo olusha sokudubula nesigameko sokudubula ngobuciko ngcono kakhulu, kanye ne umbono ukwandisa sikubeke ngaphezulu. Eqinisweni, IRS hhayi isibhamu sniper ngomqondo kakamuva kwaleligama, inhloso yayo main kwaba ukwandisa uhla ngempumelelo abacishi bomlilo ezinezinjini sokuzingela ukwahlukana (kufika ku amamitha 600). Futhi lwenzelwe ukunikeza ezidingekayo umlilo ukwesekwa (ukucindezela amaphuzu labadubuli). Kule ndaba, Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu futhi kungadingeki ukuba abe ububanzi futhi ukunemba yesimanje sniper izibhamu. Ngakho-ke, naphezu ethatha enkonzweni kuqhuma entsha izinhlelo qinile zezempi ekujaheni bangayeki, futhi kusukela zabuna proven ezimpini. Ngokwesibonelo, amabutho ezikhethekile sniper izibhamu sezicishe zibe chambered for 8,61 mm nezingxenye ezinezinjini uqhubeke ukusebenzisa Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu.