Uphi i-Azerbaijan? I-Republic of Azerbaijan: inhloko, inani labantu, imali kanye nezikhangayo

I-Azerbaijan iyiphablikhi enefomu likahulumeni likahulumeni. Lesi simo sibhekwa njengenkulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu Caucasus. Ake sicabangele ezinye izici ezihlukanisa iRiphabhliki yase-Azerbaijan.

Ulwazi jikelele

Inhloko-dolobha kahulumeni yiBaku. Izwe libhekwa njengelizwe. Isimo sise-Near East. Izifunda zase-Azerbaijan zakhiwe abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-9. (Ngo-2013). Indawo yezwe - amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalolunye. I-Km. Ulimi olusemthethweni lombuso luyi-Azerbaijani. Izwe liyiziningi eziningi zokuzivuma nokwezinye izizwe. Iningi lalabo abathi bangamaSulumane, ingxenye encane - ubuKristu nobuJuda. Kusukela ngomhla ka-1 kuSepthemba 2013 zonke izakhamuzi zase-Azerbaijan zinephasipoti ye-biometric. Isetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngaphakathi ezweni futhi uhambo oluya phesheya. I-unit yezimali yi-manat yase-Azerbaijani (i-1 AZN cishe ngama-ruble angu-42 aseRussia).

Amaholide e-Azerbaijan

Ngokusemthethweni ezweni lapho kukhona:

1. Unyaka Omusha (Januwari 1).
2. Usuku Lomhlaba Wonke Wabafazi (Mashi 8).
3. I-Novruz Bayramy (21.03).

Amaholide ase-Azerbaijan nawo afakwe izinsuku:

1. Usuku Lokunqoba (Meyi 9).
2. I-Republic (28.05).
3. Izikhali (June 26).
4. Ukuzimela (ngo-Okthoba 18).
5. Ifulege kazwelonke (uNgove 9).
6. Umthethosisekelo (Novemba 12).
7. Ukuvuselelwa Kwezwe (November 17).
8. Ubunye be-Azerbaijan emhlabeni wonke (Disemba 31).

Ngomhlaka-31 Mashi yiSuku loKwaZulu-Natali.

UMongameli

Usebenza njengenhloko yombuso. Umongameli ukhethwe yivoti ethandwayo. Isikhathi sokuhlala ekuthunyelwe kungu-5 iminyaka. Amandla omongameli ahlanganisa ukuqokwa kwezikhulu zikahulumeni. Uma ezimweni zokusebenza ezempi ukhetho alinakwenzeka ukuba luvivinye, ihhovisi lehhovisi liyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni. Isinqumo salokhu sithathwe yiNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ngokusetshenziswa komzimba wombuso, okwazi ukubamba ukhetho.

Izici zenqubomgomo ye-Azerbaijan

Umbuso omele kakhulu yiNational Unicameral Assembly - iMilli Mejlis. Imithetho yase-Azerbaijan iyakwamukelwa ngabaphathi abangu-125. Umzimba omele ukhethwe yi-suffrage jikelele. Igama lehhovisi liyiminyaka emihlanu. Ukhetho lokuqala lwaba ngo-1955. Kunezinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-30 kanye nokunyakaza ezweni. Izihluthulelo ziyi:

1. "Azerbaijan entsha".
2. "Musavat".
3. IDemocratic Party.
4. "Front of People."
5. Iqembu LaseLiberal.
6. I-Social-Democratic movement.

Isakhiwo sezomnotho kazwelonke

IRiphabhliki yase-Azerbaijan iyinhlangano yezimboni-zezolimo. Umbuso ungumkhakha othuthukisiwe. Izolimo zezwe zihlukahlukene. Indawo eyinhloko enkampanini yezomnotho kazwelonke isetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa kwegesi kanye namafutha, amakhemikhali, ukumbiwa kwemayini, ukwakha imishini, nokusebenza kwamaminerali okungenabensi. Izimboni zokudla zithuthukile kahle: itiye, ugwayi, ukugaya, ukunqoba. Imikhiqizo emikhulu emikhulu ibonakala embonini ekhanyayo (ukotini, ukotini, uboya, isilikhi, umshini). Umnotho wase-Azerbaijan uthathwa njengomholi ngokwezinga lokukhula phakathi kwamazwe e-CIS. Esikhathini kusukela ngo-2003 kuya ku-2008, I-GDP yezwe yakhula izikhathi ezingu-2.6, futhi izinga lobuphofu linciphela kusuka ku-45 kuya ku-11%. Ngo-2006, i-GDP yanda ngamaphesenti angu-36.6. Umnotho wase-Azerbaijan uyaqhubeka ukhula kusukela ngo-1996. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, uye wanezela isilinganiso se-13.6% ngonyaka.

Indawo yendawo

IRiphabhliki yase-Azerbaijan ihlanjwe uLwandle lwaseCaspian. Emhlabeni, omakhelwane baseRussia, i-Armenia, i-Georgia, i-Iran. I-Nakhichevan AR - i-exclave yase-Azerbaijan - inqamula enyakatho-mpumalanga ne-Armenia, eningizimu-ntshonalanga - ne-Iran, enyakatho-ntshonalanga - neTurkey.

Ukukhulula

Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yensimu yombuso ithathwe yizintaba. Ingxenye esenyakatho yawo ifakiwe ohlelweni lweCaucasus Enkulu, eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu-eNtshonalanga. Eziqhingini kukhona ama-glaciers. Lapha imifula ephazamisayo yase-Azerbaijan igeleza. Maphakathi ufinyelela kukhona izintaba ezijulile. Amathafa aseCaucasus Omkhulu ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga aqala kancane kancane, bese ehliswa kakhulu. Bashintshwa yizingqimba eziphansi. ECaucasus encane, izintaba azifani ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Zifaka imigwaqo eminingi kanye ne-Garabagh plateau enezintaba-mlilo eziphelile. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga eningi kakhulu ihlala ezintabeni zaseLenkoran. Zinezigcawu ezintathu ezifanayo. Umude kakhulu yi-Talysh Ridge. Isiqongo sayo esikhulu, i-Kemryukey, sifinyelela ku-2477 m.

Phakathi kwezintaba zeCaucasus e-Lesser ne-Greater yi-lowland e-Kura-Araks. Ingxenye yayo enyakatho nenyakatho-ntshonalanga iboniswa uhlelo lwezimagquma, izigodi kanye namagquma aphansi. Empumalanga nasenkabeni kukhona amathafa angaphandle. Eduze ogwini lolwandle yi-delta ephansi yaseKura. Esiqondeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga ukusuka e-Greater Caucasus kukhona iThafa LaseHasar. I-Caspian Sea ihlanganisa i-Kura spit kanye ne-Absheron Peninsula. Umgwaqo omkhulu wezwe yi-r. Kura. Iwela iRiphablikhi kusukela enyakatho-ntshonalanga eya eningizimu-ntshonalanga, egijima eLwandle lwaseCaspian. I-tributary eyinhloko yi-Araks. Iningi lemifula yezwe lingomfula waseKura. Ingqikithi kunemifudlana engaba yinkulungwane ensimu, kodwa kuphela 21 kunebude obungamakhilomitha angaphezu kwekhulu.

Umlando

IRiphabhliki yase-Azerbaijan yakhiwa ngesikhathi kuqubuka i-USSR ngo-1991. Njengomongameli wokuqala, u-Ayaz Mutalibov wakhuluma. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1991, uMkhandlu oPhezulu wezwe wathatha isimemezelo. Ngokuhambisana nalo, iRiphabhliki yase-Azerbaijan yaphinde yazimela. Ekusebenziseni lesi simemezelo, isenzo somthethosisekelo samukelwa. Lichaza isisekelo sezomnotho, isombusazwe nesimo sezwe sase-Azerbaijan. Ngo-June ka-1992, u-Abulfaz Elchibey washintsha u-Ayaz Mutalibov. Ngaleso sikhathi e-Azerbaijan wayeyinhloko ye-Popular Front. U-Yagub Mammadov no-Isa Gambar nabo basebenza njengezinhloko zesikhashana zendawo. Bobabili babeyizihlalo zikahulumeni e-Azerbaijan.

Inhloko entsha yezwe

Esikhathini sokulwa kwezempi, kuningi okuhluleka okwenzeka ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-Popular Front. Konke lokhu kwabangela inhlekelele yamandla. NgoJuni 4, 1993, ukuhlubuka kukaStet Huseynov kwaqala eGanja. U-Heydar Aliyev umemezelwe ku-Baku ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwempi yombango. Ngaleso sikhathi wayehlala eNakhichevan. U-Heydar Aliyev wanikezwa amandla enhloko yeRiphabhulikhi. Phakathi nalezi zenzakalo, iqembu lamaphoyisa aseTalish ngaphansi kobuholi bukaColonel Gummatov umemezele ukuzimela eLankaran. U-Heydar Aliyev akawuboni, futhi ngo-Agasti 23 lokhu kuvuswa kwacinywa.

Izingxabano zomhlaba

Ekupheleni kuka-1991-1992. Ezinye izinguquko zendawo zenzeke. Ngokukhethekile, i-Artsvashen exclave yahamba ngaphansi kweRiphabhliki yase-Azerbaijan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakukhona izifunda ezingekho ezibusayo, ezaqala ukukhathazeka nge-Armenia. Ngokuyinhloko, izindawo ezinjalo zase-Azerbaijan njenge-Upper Asukara, i-Bahurdaly ne-Karki zawela kuwo.

Isivumelwano sokuqeda umlilo

Yayisayinwa nokuhanjiswa kwamanye amazwe e-CIS ngoMeyi 1994. Phakathi nempi, ama-Armenia athunjwa yi-Azerbaijan ezindaweni eziningana. Ngaphambilini, okugcina kulezi zindawo kwakuningi. Ngokuyinhloko, ibutho le-NKR kanye namabutho ase-Armenia ayesekela wona aphinde alawulwe ngezifunda ezithile ezingaphandle kwezindawo zaseNagorno-Karabakh, ezaziwa ngo-1991, lapho i-Azerbaijan yayihlala khona ngokuyinhloko. Lezi zenzo ngo-1993 zazibhekwa nguMkhandlu wezokuPhepha we-UN njengomsebenzi. Ngemva kwesikhashana, iziphathimandla ze-NKR, ezaqhubeka nokulawula lezi zindawo, zazifaka phakathi nesakhiwo sabo sokuphatha nesakhiwo.

"Inkontileka Yekhulu Lokuqala"

Kwaphela ngo-1994, ngo-September 20, esigodlweni saseGulustan. Le nkontileka ibe yinye yezivumelwano ezinkulu kakhulu. Inkontileka yayihlose ukusatshalaliswa okwabelwana kwemikhiqizo etholakala emanzini ajulile abeka iChirag, Azeri no-Gunashli. Lesi sivumelwano sasiyisinye sezikhulu ezinkulu kanye nezindleko zemithombo ye-hydrocarbon, kanye nenani lokutshala izimali ezihlongozwayo. Inkontileka yathatha amakhasi angu-400 futhi yabulawa ngezilimi ezingu-4. Isivumelwano sihilele izinkampani ezingu-13 ezivela emazweni angu-8. Izibalo zokuqala zabonisa ukuthi izinqolobane ezilinganiselwa ku-511 ziyi-toni eziyisihlanu. Kodwa kamuva, ukuhlolwa kwe-drill kwenziwa, futhi ngokusho kwedatha ecacisiwe, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-730 ezinsimbi zatholakala. Mayelana nalokhu, inani lokutshala izimali lenyuke lifika kuma-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11,5. Ngokwenkontileka, imali engama-80% yenzuzo yenani eliphelele yabelwe i-Azerbaijan, kanti i-20% yabatshalizimali. Kusukela ukuqaliswa kwesivumelwano, kuye kwaba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ezakhiweni zezomnotho zikazwelonke zezwe, umsebenzi omkhulu usungulwe. Ngo-1995, uhlelo lokukhiqiza amafutha oluyinhloko, ngokusho kwamazinga womhlaba wonke, lathola umsebenzi wokubuyisela kwi-platform ye-Chigrak-1. Ukuze kusetshenziswe imithombo enokuthambekela okukhulu, i-module engenhla yayisimanje futhi yahlonywa kabusha. Ukushayela i-rig yehlobo olusha kuvunyelwe ukugoba ngokuqondile emigqeni yamithombo. Kusukela emathanjeni angenakuqhathaniswa kakhulu, umthamo omkhulu wamafutha waqala ukugeleza. Kusukela ngo-1997, ukukhiqizwa kwensimu ye-Chirag kwaqala.

Namuhla

Namuhla i-Azerbaijan iyizwe elithuthukile ngokwanele ohlelweni lwezomnotho. Ngo-2003 uHaydar Aliyev washona. Ushintshe indodana yakhe u-Ilham. Ngo-2010, izifunda ezimbili zeMagaramkent esifundeni seDagestan esinama-600 Lezgins, izakhamuzi zaseRussian Federation, zathuthela esifundeni saseKchmaz sase-Azerbaijan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza komfula kwahlukaniswa. Samur. Ngo-May 2013, amasayithi amathathu edlelo laseDokuzparinskiy esifundeni saseDagestan nawo athuthela e-Azerbaijan.

Izikhangibavakashi

Emakhilomitha angu-70 eningizimu yeBaku, enkulu kunayo yonke ekhona emaqenjini amazwe e-CIS edwaleni laseKobystan. Kukhona nezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-4 000 eziyingqayizivele, izinqaba, amhumeni namathuna. Bonke baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 eyinkulungwane. Izikhumbuzo ezikhona kule nsimu zihlanganisa indawo yomlando namasiko. I-30 km enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBaku yilapho i-Surakhani. Kukhona ithempeli eliyinkimbinkimbi "Ateshgyah". Ukwakhiwa kwangempela kwetshe lesikhumbuzo kuya emuva kwekhulu lesibili. BC. E. Kulo lonke izwe lase-Absheron kunezinqaba. Zakhiwa yi-shirvan shahs. Ama-castle eMardakan, amanxiwa angeniswe phansi e-Bailovsky Castle, i-mosque iTuba-Shakhi, izinqaba ezahlukene eBuvvvna, Shuvelyan, Kishla, Sabunchi, Amirajana, Mashtagi, Kala, on. Pirallahi, njll. Engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Azerbaijan itholakala eShabran. Wayeyingxenye yesistimu yezokuvikela yaseDerbent enkathini ephakathi. Esikhathini esifanayo kukhona inhloko yeKhanan yasendulo eCuba yaseCuba.

I-Shemakha ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezithakazelisayo nezasendulo zase-Azerbaijan. Itholakala ku-130 km entshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha yezwe. Idolobha laseSheki liyi-380 km ukusuka emngceleni neGeorgia. Ubufakazi bemivubukulo bubonisa ukuthi kungaba yindawo eyodwa endala kunazo zonke eCaucasus. Inqwaba yezikhumbuzo zomlando nezamasiko zisezindlini zikaSheki. Zihlanganisa, ngokwesibonelo, imibhoshongo yaseKumbazi e-Kutkashen, inqaba yaseSumug, iGelsen-Geresen, iKish, i-Orta-Zeyzit umbhoshongo nethempeli, umkhoksthi we-Ilisu, i-mausoleum eBabaratma, njll. Isifunda ngokwawo sihle kakhulu. Kuyinto engavamile ukuthi igcwele izigodi ezincane nezijulile ezinezinhlobo eziningi zamanzi, imifula, imifula ehlanzekile, imithombo yamaminerali. Konke lokhu kukhazimulayo kunqotshwe ama-alpine meadows namahlathi aminyene. Idolobha laseLankaran laliyinhloko-dolobha yeTalish Khanate. Itholakala engxenyeni eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe, emngceleni ne-Iran.

Inyakatho ye-100 km iyinye yamadolobha amahle kakhulu ase-Hanége. Ikhona namanje izindonga zenkampu, i-mosque, igumbi lokungcwaba likaPir Hussein nezinye izakhiwo. Eduze lapho kuhlangana khona umfula. Izinkukhu ezisolwandle yidolobha elidala laseNeftechala. Lalondoloza inqaba yeGoltuk, iziqongo zezivikelo, indlu engcwele yasePiratavan, isiSulumane saseKhylly. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-archeologists edolobheni bayaqhubeka bethola izikhumbuzo ezintsha zomlando. Ngokuyinhloko, idolobha lase-Orenkala lavuleka, imigoqo yaseGaratepe, iGyzyltepe, iGoshatepe, i-Muhurtepe nabanye. Ngasemngceleni neNagorno-Karabakh kunemibhoshongo enezivikelo eziqinile, ama-mausoleums, izinqaba, amasonto aseNkathini Ephakathi.

Emgodini waseCaspian kunezinqolobane eziningi, izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokubhuka. Izindawo eduze nomfula womfula. Izinkukhu zibhekwa njengezindawo zokudoba zasolwandle. Emngceleni ne-Iran yiwona amathafa aseMount Talysh. Le ndawo ibhekwa njengento engavamile kakhulu ezweni. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba kukhona amahlathi axutshweyo kanye neziqhumane. Lapha uhlala nabaningi bezithunywa ze-Hyrcan. Le nsimu yaziwa njengenye yezindawo zokubhuka ezingcono kakhulu e-Azerbaijan. Omunye wemizi endala kunazo zonke nguKabala. Kuthathwa njengesikhungo senkolo nezombusazwe sase-Albania yaseCaucasus. Emithonjeni yama-Arabhu yaziwa ngokuthi iKhazar. Kuze kube manje, i-mosque, ama-mausoleums aseMansur naseBadreddin, izindlu zeSary-Tepe no-Aginne-Tepe zigcinwe lapha. Idolobha laseNakhichevan nalo lidala. Enyakatho yedolobha lase-Ordubad. Kuye kwaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-12. Lapha kukhona amasonto aseDalber naseJuma, emagcekeni ka-khan, madrassas, kanye nenani elikhulu lezakhiwo zasendulo ezihlangene endaweni yokugcina yezakhiwo zombuso.