KwamaNazi - a ... umlando Third Reich (kafushane)

Third Reich - kuyinto igama angakahleleki eJalimane esikhathini iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo kusukela entwasahlobo 1933 kuya ku-May 1945. Naphezu ukuphila letimfishane, yena wadlala indima enkulu emlandweni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, eshiya abaningi namanje axazulule impicabadala. Ake sizame ukuchaza kafushane izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu isiphetho isimo ngaleso sikhathi. Yiqiniso, kufanele uqale esikhathini lapho uHitler eqala ukubusa, ukukhumbula lokho imibono uye wathandwa izinhliziyo amaJalimane amaningi futhi anobuthi izingqondo zabo. Kodwa impi - akuyona into kuphela sezombusazwe okhetheke khulu. Ngaphansi sephiko lalo wabuthanisa ososayensi eziningi ezivelele futhi wabanika ithuba ukusebenza futhi usungula. Lolu hlelo lwenziwe avunyelwe eJalimane ukuze uthole amadivayisi lobuchwepheshe engaphezulu kakhulu kwevamile, sibonga ngalo ezweni walulama ngokushesha esuka ukubhujiswa kabuhlungu.

Umsuka kwegama

Drittes Reich ibinzana elihunyushwe kusuka izindlela German "Third Reich." Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le ncazelo is zihunyushelwe Russian ngezindlela ezahlukene. Igama elithi "kwamaNazi" lingahunyushwa ngalezi zindlela "nohulumeni" futhi "umbuso", kodwa nguye esiseduzane umqondo ezifana "namandla". Kodwa ngisho ngolimi isiJalimane, yena angakuthola umuzwa ezingaqondakali. Ngokusho kwakhe, oMbusi - "umbuso". Umbhali waleli umqondo wayengumholi German Arthur Moeller Van Den Bruck.

WokuQala nowesiBili kwamaNazi

-Third Reich ... Le nkulumo ijwayelekile cishe wonke umuntu. Kodwa ambalwa ungakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani uhulumeni ngokuthi ngaleyo ndlela. Kungani wesithathu? Iqiniso lokuthi Van Den Broek kuqondwe izwi isizwe indivisible, okuyinto uJesu wazalwa litheku lonke abantu German. Ngokusho imibono yakhe, oMbusi Okokuqala - a uMbuso WaseRoma Kwesizwe-German.

ukuphila kwakhe kwaqala ngo-962, futhi kwaphazanyiswa e 1806 ngenxa kokunqotshwa, okuyinto samenza Napoleon. Okwesibili kwamaNazi ngokuthi uMbuso isiJalimane, wadala ngo-1871, ngesikhathi lapho imithetho uWilliam I. Umlando walo yaphela ngemva kwezikhathi 1918 lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Germany Kaiser sika. Kodwa-Third Reich, ngokuvumelana Van Den Bruka, kwenziwe owalandela ezibuthakathaka Weimar Republic, futhi kufanele kube ubuqotho ngokuphelele. Kakade umbono ngakho wathatha u-Adolf Hitler. Ngakho, umlando eJalimane, ngamafuphi, nje angena kwamaNazi ngokulandelana.

Umlando omfishane

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-20 sika - zakuqala 30-yalolucwaningo. umnotho womhlaba wonke lalibuswa we inhlekelele yembulunga yonke oye nezilima kuhlanganise neJalimane. Nalokhu futhi ekuqaleni ezihambisana ngo-1934, isiphetho-Third Reich. Ngo isimo kwayibhebhethekisa kakhulu isimo sezombangazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke kwandise ukuqakatheka kwe-National Socialist Workers Party. Ngesikhathi Julayi okhethweni 1932, it won 37% wamavoti. Kodwa, yize ke uvelile enye inhlangano, kodwa lokhu kwakunganele lokwakha uhulumeni.

Umphumela elandelayo ukhetho ingasaphathwa (32%). Konke lokhu ngonyaka uMongameli Hindenburg wanxusa uHitler ukuba abe ilunga likahulumeni, wamcela ukuba aphathe uhlelo beka likaShansela. Nokho, wayezimisele kuphela isikhundla likashansela. Kuphela elilandelayo ebusika Hindenburg ukunqotshwa mibandela. Futhi ngo-January 30, u-Adolf Hitler waqokwa likashansela.

Kakade ngo-February, wavimbela LamaKhomanisi kanye nabaholi bayo ngokumelene ukushushiswa ezinzima waqala, okuyinto yabekwa cishe isigamu amalungu ayo.

Ngokushesha liyalihlakaza Reichstag, wedlula kukhetho lukaMbimbitho iwine NDSAP. Uhulumeni asanda kusungulwa isivele emhlanganweni wokuqala, ngo-March 23 evunyiwe amandla ilungelo kaHitler okungavamile.

Ngo-July, ke uvinjelwe wonke amaqembu akhona ngaphandle amaNazi. Futhi ziyoncibilika izinyunyana, futhi esikhundleni akha Labor Front German. 1938 kwaphawula ukuqala ngokuboshwa kwabasolwa futhi ukubhujiswa kwamaJuda.

ukuthandwa kaHitler kancane kancane lakhula. A indima ebalulekile kuleli kukhala inkulumo-ze: Germany Kaiser sika nababuthaka Weimar Republic balahlwa, futhi usakhunjulwa ukunqotshwa e kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Futhi, sokudumisa kwakubangelwa ithandwa sokuphela Okukhulu Kwezomnotho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho lubonakale. Ikakhulukazi okuphawulekayo yilokho yokuthi ngalesi sikhathi izwe uye wahola ukukhiqiza izinsimbi ezifana aluminium kanye steel.

Ngo-1938, e-Austria bajoyine kwamaNazi, futhi ngemva kwaso ngo-1939 - neCzechoslovakia. Ngonyaka olandelayo, inhloko yabangamashumi iSoviet Union neJalimane ngemvume isivumelwano nonaggression.

Impi Yezwe II Nama-Third Reich

Ngo-September 1939, amabutho kwamaNazi langena Poland. France, Britain ephendula, iqale impi ngo-Germany. Eminyakeni emithathu ezayo oMbusi wanqoba amazwe aseYurophu. Ngo-June 1941, amaJalimane ehlasela iSoviet Union, matasa abanye ezweni lakhe.

Ezindaweni yanqoba efakwe imodi isivikelo. Lokhu kwasusa ukuvela amaqembu yabashokobezi.

Ngo-July 1944, i Icebo lika lokuzama (zigoqiwe) futhi umzamo sihlulekile ukuphila kaHitler senziwa. Ngo isimo ihlelwe amaqembu yabashokobezi ngasese.

Meyi 7, 1945 ngemvume isenzo olungenamkhawulo yokubuyiswa eJalimane. Meyi 9 kwaba usuku kwaphela impi. Futhi May 23, uboshwe wuhulumeni sokubusa kwamaNazi.

State kanye indawo isakhiwo sokubusa kwamaNazi

Inhloko umbuso kwaba Chancellor. Amandla esiphezulu ukuthi bagxila ezandleni zikahulumeni. Isishayamthetho kwaba Imperial Ukudla, okuyinto abakhethwe kubantu. Phakathi eJalimane ukuthi ivunyelwe ukuba isebenze kuphela National Socialist Workers Party.

-Third Reich lahlukaniswa laba nane umhlaba futhi imizi emibini.

Amazwe afakwe isimo ngenxa ukunwetshwa, futhi lezo wahlala ikakhulukazi amaJalimane yobuhlanga, elahlanganiswa ke njengoba i-Imperial Circle. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu "reyhsgau". Ngakho, e-Austria lahlukaniswa laba yalemitimba eziyisikhombisa.

On amazwe asele matasa ihlelwe Reichskommisariat. Bangu yalemitimba ezinhlanu owenzile, ifomu ezine ngaphezulu lohleliwe.

Izimpawu ze-Third Reich

Mhlawumbe uphawu edume kakhulu futhi ujwayelene esibonisa-Third Reich - ifulegi ebomvu nge swastika, okuyinto namanje kungavunyelwe emazweni amaningi. By endleleni, yena wayechazwa cishe zonke izimfanelo isimo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isikhali oMbusi, abandayo ikakhulukazi, sidalwe ikhumbula izici iyunifomu futhi izimpawu zamazwe. Enye imfanelo kuyinto esiphambanweni yensimbi ngezimbali imikhawulo lwavutha. I elingenamikhono izingalo kwayena umfanekiso Black Eagle, e-izimpiko zazo khona Wreath kwesihlahla se-okhi nge swastika.

"INgoma amaJalimane"

Hymn of the Third Reich - ke wadala cishe ngekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokukhishwa ekuqaleni kaHitler "Ingoma amaJalimane." Umbhali umbhalo Hoffmann von Fallersleben. Musical ihambisana wabhala Yozef Gaydn. Hymn of the Third Reich manje ukwakheka oyinhloko webhayisikobho ethile eJalimane onobunye. Ngokuthakazelisayo, "Ingoma amaJalimane" ezinsukwini zethu akakubangeli izinhlangano oluqinile esingathandeki, esinjengokuthi i-swastika. Nokho, lokhu akusebenzi amamashi lempi Third Reich.

Noma kunjalo, ezinye zazo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakheka ebhaliwe Horst Wessel, kwaba imashi lokushaya amabutho neculo lesizwe iqembu elibusayo. Namuhla, lolu thando kungavunyelwa umthetho lobugebengu eJalimane nase-Austria.