Lake Tengiz ekhatsi Kazakhstan: izithombe, incazelo

Esikhathini Kazakhstan solar, kukhona amachibi angaphezu kwamashumi amane amawaka. Kukhona zakhelwe futhi ezingaphezu kuka 4,000 amadamu ezenziwe umuntu, lokuqoqa izinqolobane enkulu yomthamo wamanzi ahlanzekile.

Ikhwalithi kanye umthamo wamanzi emachibini kuyahluka kuncike esishintshashintshayo imvelo: a esishintshashintshayo asemaqeleni cishe 740 emachibini, asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo - phezu 1870 e-semi - 216, ezindaweni ehlane - 142. Ingqikithi ndawo ubuso bonke amanzi amachibi ifike ayizinkulungwane 45 sq M.. angu. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - Zaisan, Alakol, Balkhash, futhi Sasykkol Seletyteniz. Phakathi kwazo echibini ababayo-okunosawoti Tengiz, okuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

Iningi namachibi yokwelula ngokuba Turan futhi iCaspian ezisezansi, emathafeni West laseSiberia, ezindaweni sezintaba eningizimu-mpumalanga ye isimo nasezintabeni eliphansi Saryarka. Cishe bonke amile, ngakho zinamanzi usawoti. Amadamu amaningi kuba izimayini usawoti.

echibini echazayo indawo, usayizi

Kuyinto echibini endaweni uMbuso Korgalzhin Reserve, ngaba nokucindezeleka zomhlaba maphakathi Sary-Arka (izinkalo). In Lake Tengiz, esesikhundleni eziqhingini eziningi ezincane, imifula ku Kulanutpes futhi Nura.

Indawo ichibi yemvelo 1590 square metres. amakhilomitha, kanye ubude obuphelele salo 75 km, ukujula ifinyelela izindawo 8 amamitha ububanzi amakhilomitha 40.

incazelo

phansi flat kwesigubhu, ubeka eligoqiwe black kodaka ezifanele ukusetshenziswa zokwelapha. Amanzi anosawoti omningi kakhulu.

Lake Tengiz e Kazakhstan mikhulu, usayizi waso Lake kathathu emikhulu Constance. Waterfront ezingcolile ngaphezulu. It feeds leli chibi amanzi ikakhulu snowmelt. Eminyakeni driest, kakhulu kuleli chibi bome. Ngo-December Tengiz iqina, futhi ngo-Ephreli ivulekile. Ukwakheka amanzi ihlanganisa nosawoti (usawoti kwechibi ivela 3 kuya 12.7 amagremu m³ ngalinye, futhi Gulf - 18.2 amagremu m³ ngayinye).

Tengiz kuyaphawuleka ngoba okokuqala emlandweni uhlelo Soviet isikhala kuphumelele emanzini isikhala umsebenzi nezisebenzi "Soyuz-23".

I engavamile kuleli chibi

Lake Tengiz ubunjalo ukuthi ingenye izindawo ezimbalwa ngokumangalisayo enhle inganekwane izinyoni - esisenyakatho zizalela labantu wezwe pink Flamingo.

Lena izinyoni abaqaphe kakhulu ukuthi ukhetha isidleke kunzima ukubeka abantu. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi kwaqeda konke eziqhingini echibini: ligcwale ezinye izindawo usawoti phezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye lapha isidleke ukuze kilobases 14, futhi inani labamemezeli isiyonke bengase bazikhandlele 60,000.

Bahlala lapha ngempela ezingavamile black nonogolantethe, ihansi obomvu breast , futhi ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi whooper. Esikhathini enkulu asemaqeleni isibhakabhaka phezulu echibini uyaziqhenya asemaqeleni amanqe. Kuphela azikho izinhlanzi lapha.

ecosystem obuphelele

Kusukela ngo-1968, amaningi ala masimu of sikhulunywa endaweni ezungeze iChibi Tengiz kuyinto endaweni evikeleke futhi iyingxenye Kurgaldzhino inqolobane ukuzingela. Ngokuvamile, echibini alithandeki ngoba Waterfowl ohotopromyslovyh izinyoni ezifana goose kanye amadada, kodwa liyindawo enkulu ngoba isidleke gull, sandpiper kanye tern. Reedbeds kuhlala kwezinhlobo eziningi Waterfowl, hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi ezizalela, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi moulting (ekupheleni kwehlobo) futhi ngesikhathi ekwindla kanye entwasahlobo ukufuduka.

Kule ndawo zemvelo eziyingqayizivele, ososayensi zibale 50 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo 318 zezinyoni kanye 340 zezitshalo. Of Ikakhulukazi inothi izilwane ezifana nezimpisi antelopes asemaqeleni. Esiqhingini eminingi ye undrained Lake Tengiz esidlekeni, ngaphandle Flamingo osekukhulunywe ngakho, futhi efakwe ohlwini e Red egwalweni lwaseDalmatia nevuba (ngazimbili 500 kuphela). Ngo emaqeleni zingatholakala crane Numidian.

Ukubaluleka esiqiwini

Ukulondolozwa semvelo isungule emhlabeni amachibi kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela Kazakhstan, ngoba kulezi zindawo aphambana imizila emibili emikhulu ezifudukayo zezinyoni - eSiberia-South European nawase-Asia Ephakathi. Geographical (maphakathi nezwekazi Eurasia), indawo eyingqayizivele esiqiwini kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba khona anjalo uhlelo echibini ngaphakathi kwale ndawo (indawo elinesimo sezulu semi ezomile - emaqeleni kanye lulwimi ezingwadule) kubaluleke kakhulu.

Iminonjana okubangelwa abantu uhlobo kulezi zindawo kukhona okuncane, ngakho endaweni aye wasigcina ukubukeka kwalo engokwemvelo yemvelo. Namhlanje ihaba ukuthi le ndawo eyingqayizivele fanele ngokugcwele isimo, okuyinto eye wadala ngcebo.

isiphetho

Lake Tengiz kuyingxenye umlando njengoba indawo izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu namuhla. Esikhathini esizayo, Korgalzhyn Reserve ngonyaka kuhlelwa umkhosi ngokuthi "Flamingo".

Lo mcimbi, okuyinto ihlose ukuziqhakambisa ukongiwa kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile, hhayi kuphela isekela Foundation for the Ukulondolozwa Biodiversity Kazakhstan futhi EIMRC (Eurasia Natural Resources Corporation). kuleyo ndawo Kazakhstan abahlukile futhi enhle kanye namachibi amaningi.