Microscopy - Iyini?

Ukubaluleka kwesayensi nomphakathi wonkana kunzima kakhulu ukunqabela. Ososayensi nokuthuthukiswa onginike konke ukuze umphakathi ukuthi manje ujabulela ngenjabulo futhi ejabulela. ososayensi Development emikhakheni ehlukahlukene avumele ukuba banqobe lesi sifo sibulale, ulwa isifo sengqondo, ukwakha zikagesi esiyingqayizivele "smart", ngisho namarobhothi. Amathuba isayensi engapheli ngempela. ubuso okusha njalo zahlulelwa imibono emisha, okuyinto laba isisekelo segama ngentuthuko esizayo. Nokho, sebuningini ukuthuthukiswa kusekelwe izindlela ezilula futhi kungase kutholakale.

zo Abaningi esidlule wakhuluma iqiniso lokuthi kukhona Macro, a sekuba yinto enkulu. Ngesikhathi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane kubantu hhayi ayengafinyelela kulamagama ukujula. Phela, macro- kanye micro-emhlabeni kukhona ngempela kakhulu eduze ndawonye. izinguquko Tiny kuseli isakhiwo kungahle kubangelwe izinguquko global zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Kuze kube manje, ukufakazela noma siphikise ubuhlobo obunjalo kunzima kakhulu, kodwa izwe amagciwane athile kanye cell ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi iseli - yonke ezincane.

microscopy

Microscopy - iyona yesayensi cwaningo lezinto ngesibonakhulu. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "ezincane, ezincane". Microscopy zingahlukaniswa zibe eziningana sub-zinhlobo: optical, multiphoton,-X-ray, laser nawe-elekthronikhi. Inhloso yalesi indlela ucwaningo ukwenyusa zokuqapha into kanye nokubhaliswa izinguquko uyalandelwa.

Umlando we-microscope

Ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa komlando nangezibonakhulu babe amathuluzi okubona, asebenzisa ebonakalayo ukukhanya imisebe. Amadivayisi anjalo abanawo emandla ekwenta lokuhle kakhulu observation kuphela kufanelekile imisebenzi elula. Umqondo ukuvela microscope electronic wabonakala ngesikhathi lapho ososayensi bacabanga emisebeni kagesi esikhundleni-ugongolo-electron. Lo mcimbi ube reference iphuzu sokuthuthukiswa microscope electron, okuyinto ezinwetshiwe amathuba sokugubha into.

amasu microscopy

Ukuze kahle futhi ngokucophelela uhlole iyiphi into ofuna ukusebenza algorithm ethile. algorithm ezinjalo eyenziwa kanye futhi wasebenzisa eminyakeni. Ukuze ukuhlola umhlaba ngosizo imishini ekhethekile, kubalulekile ukuba ulidle izindlela ezikhethekile. amasu microscopy - inhlanganisela algorithm ezahlukene, lapho singakwazi kahle ehlelekile ukuhlola into ethize microcosm. UMzila ugongolo ngokusebenzisa isibonakhulu kuhambisana izinguquko ezithile esikhathini izici original, okungase kubangelwe kwesakhiwo into isakhiwo. Le nqubo kungase kuhambisane uchungechunge imiphumela optical ezifana reflection, ukumuncwa, kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona, ukuhlakazwa, njll

Izindlela ze-microscopy ukukhanya

microscopy Khanyisa - uhlelo izindlela ezisebenzisa nemiphumela ehlukene optical for okuthembekile ukubonisa imiphumela. izakhi Kubonakala futhi ubunjalo isithombe kuyoba incike kungakhanyi ukukhanya. Sekukonke kukhona inqwaba amasu microscopy: ensimini Bright ukukhanya etshekile, ukuphazamiseka Ngokuphambene, ensimini amnyama, nokwehlukana indlela, isigaba Ngokuphambene, oku-ultraviolet, Fluorescent, microscopy infrared, isibonakhulu confocal.

Zonke yalezi zindlela kube nezinzuzo zako kanye nobubi obuthile. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, isampula ukuze ukhethe indlela ethile kufanele esekelwe nokwanela yayo isimo. Izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka babantu indlela ngayinye ayibalulekile iyonke, inqobo nje uma indlela siye sasetshenziswa izimo inikezwe.

Microscopy nemithi

Ukusetshenziswa microscopy kwezokwelapha isethubeni elikhulu. Namuhla, sibonga nangezibonakhulu, ungakwazi ukuhlola amaseli ezihlukeneko zomzimba womuntu ukuze ukunquma ngokunembile isimo sempilo. I emangqamuzaneni omzimba zinganikeza imiphumela olunembile kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa, kuze kube muva nje kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola, kusukela microscope ngeke likwazi ukunikeza ulwazi oluphelele.

Ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi ezifana liyathembisa kakhulu, ngoba izindlela zokwelashwa kanye uphethwe kungenziwa avele ashintshe futhi akazange ukuya ezingeni elilandelayo. Uphenyo nge-microscope liyaziwa futhi lisetshenziswa okwesikhathi eside, kodwa isayensi on the esengozini elapha amangqamuzana omuntu. Leli yithuba eliyingqayizivele ukuthi kuzovumela ukuhambisa kude izindlela zesintu sokwelashwa bayakhohlwa izidakamizwa. Cell - timphawu umzimba enamandla kakhulu. Khuluma ngalokho izinzuzo kungaletha ushintsho kumuntu ogulayo amaseli enempilo, kumane lutho, ngoba kusobala.

urinoscopy

Urinalysis - iqoqo imisebenzi oluhlose ukufunda izakhiwo umchamo kanye nokusungulwa yayo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Amapharamitha ebalulekile Kulokhu kukhona umbala, iphunga, ukuphendula, ukusebenzela etjhatjhalazini, ukuminyana, futhi lokuhlushwa umchamo izinto ezahlukene. Microscopy umchamo inzika ukucacisa khona nosawoti, izakhi amaselula kanye amasilinda. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umchamo - umkhiqizo ekupheleni izinso, okungase ngokunembile ukubonisa isimo izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni futhi igazi.

Ukuhlaziya umchamo inzika

Umchamo microscopy ukwakha isithombe egcwele luhlolo egcwele emzimbeni. Futhi smear ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa uphethwe ezivamile futhi umehluko pheshana urinary nezinso izifo. Phakathi ukwelashwa, umchamo microscopy kungaba ayinikeze ukulinganisa ukusebenza yokungenela udokotela. Umchamo ukuhlaziywa ivumela ukuhlonza izinkinga ezithile noma engaba emanzini-electrolyte ukulingana umzimba, njengoba kule nqubo ye umzimba. Ukuhlaziya umchamo iphumelela kakhulu izifo esiqeshini gastro-emathunjini, kodwa futhi izinqubo ezithathelwanayo kanye ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Ngezinye izikhathi umchamo microscopy isetshenziswa ukuqapha isimo isiguli ngesikhathi ukwelashwa noma kuhlinzwa.

Igazi luhlolo ngesibonakhulu

Igazi amaseli kwakheka umnkantsha, wadedelwa emgudwini wegazi. Ngamunye lwengqamuzana yegazi wenza umsebenzi othile. egazi White esasidingeka ukuze silwe amaseli ezithathelwanayo, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu neqhaza kwandzisa lwati lamaseli zihlangana nomoya-mpilo ukususwa carbon dioxide platelet ibalulekile ngoba hemostasis. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, umzimba womuntu kuveza ukubaluleka normative e wonke amaseli, okungadingi eqele ngalé kwemingcele ethile. Esimeni nanoma yiziphi izinkinga noma izifo zanoma amaseli weengazi Ungashintsha ubungako bawo, ijamo, umbala kanye nobungako. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa olunembile luhlolo ezincane kungacacisa ukuthi isimo cell futhi sifinyelele eziphethweni ezifanele.

Igazi - ke anikeza ukuphila uketshezi lomzimba, iqinisekisa exchange of phakathi kwama wonke amaseli. Igazi smear microscopy - isifundo ukuthi kwenziwa ngesibonakhulu. Sifundza izidakamizwa, abenziwe iconsi elilodwa legazi. Le nqubo kuyingxenye ephelele segazi futhi umehluko segazi hhayi eceleni kwenziwa.

smear microscopy

Kungani isidingo igazi smear? Igazi smear microscopy Uchwepheshe inika ulwazi kubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nesimo empilweni yomuntu. Nale nokuhlaziywa kungenzeka ukunquma inani amaseli abomvu egazi, izinhlayiya zegazi leukocyte, kanye isimo sabo kanye nosayizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, CBC ikuvumela ukuba ichaze inkulumo ambalwa of beya amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, okuyinto iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu eziningi izifo. Futhi, igazi smear ivumela qualitatively ukuxilonga izifo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe ngegazi kahle imisebenzi, lasungulwa, ekunqandeni, kanye ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi. Ukuhlehlisa umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ezincane igazi smear kwi zokuqapha njalo isimo egazi, ukuvuthwa kwabo ngemva ngemisebe nangamakhemikhali, uma izinkinga nge-hemoglobin, kanye wegazi.

Inikezwe igazi smear icala CBC wabonisa ukuthi kunyuke Inkulumo quantification ka leukocyte, amaseli beya noma ebonisa ukuthi awuphilile engqondweni. Ukuze smear kungaba esetshenziswa biomaterial ngegazi noma ama-capillary.

Biology kanye nangezibonakhulu

Biology kakhulu yelula ukusetshenziswa microscopes. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, iseli biology kakhulu uncika nangezibonakhulu yesimanje futhi enamandla. Microscopy eziphilayo kuvula ngoba ososayensi ububanzi engakaze yenziwe ucwaningo nocwaningo. Intuthuko yamuva nje ningivumele ngikhulume ngalokho uhlobo ikusasa nathi.

Microscopy eziphilayo has a isicelo ebanzi kakhulu. Amadivayisi uvumele ukuphenya eziphilayo kukhona ezingafinyeleleki iso womuntu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ucwaningo lwesayensi. Ngo biology indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu electron microscopy, okwenza isithombe ngenxa ohlangothini electron yokucucuza. Nokho, ngisho ngesibonakhulu electron kusivumela ukuba aphenye ophilayo izinto begazi.

Isigaba Ngokuphambene microscopy - kuyinto indlela eyodwa, okuyinto kabanzi microbiology, parasitology, Hematology. It ikuvumela ukufunda emangqamuzaneni ezincane, izitshalo, izilwane, ukubala amaseli umnkantsha, igazi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi microscopy isigaba-Ngokuphambene uyakwazi uqoke kuphela emaphethelweni ezinto.

Indlela microscopy eziphilayo isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenkuthalo, ngoba cishe zonke izinhlobo Site izifundo begazi. Impambaniso microscopy kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola uketshezi esicacile futhi izinto, kanye ukubanika ukuhlaziya qualitative. Lena sibonga kungenzeka yokuthi ugongolo ukukhanya edabula kudivayisi, izimfoloko: ingxenye eyodwa sidlula into, kanti enye - by. Ngakho, imishayo ezimbili ukugxambukela futhi sihlanganise, lonika sitfombe ephelele.

Microscopy kwimikhakha ehlukene kwesicelo

Inkambu hlelo lokusebenza microscopy ebanzi kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni abangu senzelwe nangezibonakhulu ocwaningweni biology, kuze kube manje, sphere kwabo ithonya yandile kakhulu. Microscopy - iqoqo izindlela, okuyinto uthola isebenza ukuhlaziywa izinto eziqinile futhi crystalline, isakhiwo, kanye nesakhiwo ebusweni. Futhi nangezibonakhulu kabanzi imithi hhayi kuphela uphethwe, kodwa futhi izinqubo microsurgical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaziwa ukuthi ososayensi kwamanzi laser ngesibonakhulu, injongo okuyinto ukucinga ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba ku-Europa.

Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha nanotechnology, Okungenzeki ngaphandle ngesibonakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwale wemboni kuholela yokuthi Microdevices izinhlobo njalo ngcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amasha izinhlobo nangezibonakhulu, okuyinto zenzelwe ukufunda endaweni ethile.

Efingqa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi microscope - kuyinto endaweni ethembisa ukuthi ivela nge abaningi asebenzayo njalo ngonyaka. Isithakazelo womuntu stem cells kanye nokuthuthukiswa nanotechnology kuholela yokuthi nangezibonakhulu babé kuyingxenye ebalulekile yimuphi umsebenzi ucwaningo.