UmthethoState kanye nomthetho

Ngokubambisana kukahulumeni - ifomu wokubambisana letihlomulisa phakathi isimo futhi izinkampane. izibonelo

I ukuwohloka komnotho wamazwe amaningi, uvele indlela eyisipesheli ubudlelwane amabhizinisi kanye neziphathimandla. Ukuze akhombise Ngalokuhlanganisa tinchubo usebenzisa umqondo lobambiswano uhulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele. Ake sicabangele ke ngokuningilizwe ngokwengeziwe.

Uhlolojikelele

Uhulumeni kanye namabhizinisi angasese yakha umfelandawonye ngoba ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi we ukubaluleka komphakathi, emasimini ahlukahlukene womsebenzi. Ukuxhumana phakathi kukahulumeni kanye commercial izakhiwo weza manje kuya ezingeni entsha. Okwamanje, eqondiswa ezingeni zomthetho e-224-FZ. Lezi ubudlelwano kungenziwa ngempela kubhekwa njengento sici ebalulekile yomnotho okuxubile.

Izici

Ukuthuthukiswa ngokubambisana kukahulumeni Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-amamodeli eziyisisekelo ngezimali, izindlela zokuphatha, ubudlelwano ehlangene impahla. Kule nqubo, ukubaluleka kubalulekile yokuzuza ezinkingeni ezehlukene eziphathelene namandla nokwabela abantu indawo. Kuphakama njengenhlangano umphumela ongenakugwenywa wokwanda izakhiwo commercial futhi ekuhlanganyeleni kwamandla. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ubambiswano, uhulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele - iwukuba ezinye azimele ngokwezinga noma okunye wakhe ngokuphelele. Lo mbono, isibonelo, uzwakalise maqondana ezivuna. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ngokubambisana kukahulumeni - ukuthi ngempela indlela zidlulisela sphere yesikhungo umsebenzi ophathelene ngokuziphatha abaholi bendabuko. Nokho, isetshenziswa ngokubambisana amathuluzi ungasusi kubo ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwenkululeko isiqondiso.

ukuhanjiswa amandla

ngokubambisana kukahulumeni - ubudlelwano ezihilela ukuhlinzekwa hhayi wonke amathuba zomthetho, kulo inkosi ilungelo umnikazi ayesekhona kwezomnotho, kodwa kuphela ingxenye ethile kubo. Kumayelana ilungelo lokuphatha, izinguquko dolobha ukubaluleka impahla, ukudluliswa abanye amandla ukuba nabanye abantu. Kunalokho olutheni lokwabiwa kabusha wezomthetho namathuba phakathi kukahulumeni namabhizinisi babe ezindaweni kwemisebenzi yomphakathi - okungukuthi, imikhakha ingqalasizinda. Baye ngokomlando kwakhiwa emasikweni isimo ukudluliswa ezinye imibuso emikhulu ukuze ibhizinisi yangasese. Iziphathimandla banesibopho emphakathini ngenxa ukulokhu izimpahla zomphakathi. Lokhu kubangelwa Isifiso sokulondoloza ezinye umkhakha nguhulumende. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izinkampani ezizimele abe ukuhamba okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuxhashazwa kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi sithambekele ukusungula. ngokubambisana kukahulumeni - iyindlela ukuzibandakanya izinzuzo zombili izinhlobo impahla ushintsho olukhulu emphakathini.

amandla iqhaza

State ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo oyingxenye ubudlelwane esidlangalaleni zomthetho. Lokhu isimo kuyinto ubudlelwane ukhiye bese yombango lapho amandla njengoba inkosi ayikho ngaphansi komthetho abavamile. Kule ndaba, angeke sikhone kusho ngalokucondzile mayelana ukulingana kokuqala abalingani ezimele kanye nekahulumeni. Kwenzeka kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi ngesisekelo amalungelo inkosi iziphathimandla isivumelwano ekubambisaneni izonqunywa izimo futhi ngokucacile of ukugcwaliseka ubudlelwane civil. Ngamanye amazwi, isimo iyoba isihloko ekhethekile. Lubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi yokuthi uhulumeni uqobo ubeka lomthetho ngaphakathi ukwenza bonke abahlanganyeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igcina ukuphathwa, imisebenzi yayo zokuphatha, ngisho noma u-enter isimiso ukulingana ubuhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona amandla okukhipha izenzo zokuphatha. Nazo ngokufanayo, indiva lesi ukulingana. Ekuqaleni, kucatshangwa ukuthi isimo engena kwegazi bengahlangabezani kuzozizuzisa ethize, futhi ngendlela eyiyo iningi igunya lomphakathi.

Indzima yahulumende

Kuvunyiwe kohlaka PPP amaphrojekthi akuzona nje izinsiza uxhumano. Ziyakwazi ludinge ukuhlelwa okukhethekile kakhulu kwamandla abafanele futhi izithakazelo uxhumana izinhlangano. Okokuqala isimo, ngahlamuka ezinhlangothini ngokubambisana ukusekela yemigomo ebalulekile emphakathini kanye nezidingo. Kulokhu, it engikhiphela nokulawula umsebenzi. Okwesibili, njengoba umhlanganyeli inzuzo kwezomnotho, isimo unesithakazelo hhayi kuphela imiphumela ephezulu yobudlelwane, kodwa futhi ukuqinisekisa umphumela wawo kwezohwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njenganoma yimuphi umuntu ovamile, umhlanganyeli lobuhlobo ivame ukuba yenze inzuzo eningi. Kule ndaba, emkhakheni ekuhwebeni amaqembu kuyafaneleka, futhi kwezinye izimo kudinga bargaining ukwabelana izingozi ezingase zibe khona, ubunjalo amandla ngobulili, nasemishadweni izimo zabo ukusetshenziswa.

ubudlelwane impahla

Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho nemave emhlaba kukhombisa, degree of kweqhaza iziphathimandla kanye izakhiwo kwezohwebo, nemibandela inhlanganisela yabo ingase ihlukahluke, futhi kwezinye izimo khulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano bangase benze njengokungathi ingxenye yesivumelwano. Njengomthetho, lokhu izinkontileka isimo for the supply kwezimpahla noma ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo izidingo isimo, ekuphathweni, ukunikezwa usizo lwezobuchwepheshe, nokunye. Kulokhu, amalungelo endawo achazwa ngokukhanyayo. Kunezinye izindlela lapho uveta ngokubambisana kukahulumeni. Izibonelo zalokhu - we izinkontileka ukukhiqizwa ukwabelana kanye nezivumelwano zokuqashisa. Njengengxenye ukusebenzelana yenombolo ukudluliswa olungaphelele amalungelo endawo. Ayevame zihlanganisa ikhono lokusebenzisa, ukuphatha, kanye nempahla siqu. Lokhu kusebenzisana senzeka ekuphetheni izivumelwano yokunivumela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlinzekwe nokulingana noma isitokwe iqhaza osomabhizinisi e izakhiwo isimo. ibhizinisi, uhulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele siyintando ezingeni eliphakeme ukuhlanganiswa capital ngaphakathi kohlaka wokubambisana izinhlangano commercial futhi iziphathimandla.

Izici Key

Sakhiwo model of komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Nokho, kukhona eziningi izici ukunika amandla isikhungo ukwaba wodwana. Ngokuyinhloko-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi PPP kudalwa njengoba nokubambisana ehlelekileko ejensi commercial futhi uhulumeni. Ukungena ukubambisana okunjalo kuhloswe ukuthi kufezekiswe imigomo eqondile futhi kusekelwe efanele sivumelwano abahlanganyeli. Ukuhlaziya isipiliyoni angaphandle, singabona izici ezilandelayo yobudlelwane:

  1. Ezithile, igama elivame eside yesivumelwano. Zingaba iminyaka 10-20, futhi esimweni ethize - ukufika e-50 izivumelwano zomphakathi akhiwa entweni ethize. Isibonelo, lokhu kungaba indlela, ingqalasizinda port. Ukubulawa oda kukhawulwe usuku oluqondile.
  2. ezithile izinhlelo ngezimali. Izinhlelo eziqhutshwa yilo Mnyango ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano zamabhizinisi utshalomali, kwahambisana ngu izinsiza kwezimali zomphakathi. Kukhona ngokuhlanganyela capital investment iqhaza eziningana.
  3. khona oyisibopho mncintiswano. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ngoba inkontileka noma imvume yesivumelwano ngasinye bese kuba umzukuzuku phakathi abangaba ababambiqhaza.
  4. Isibopho isakazwa phakathi kwezinhlangano amafomu ethize. Isimo ichaza izinhloso ngokombono umphakathi, usetha izinga kanye nemingcele izindleko, uqaphe ekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo. Kulendlela yokubhala commercial eqala yemfanelo tekusebenta emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko - ukuthuthukiswa, ngezimali, ukuphathwa, ukwakhiwa, nokuthuma, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo esisebenzayo kubasebenzisi.
  5. Izingozi zihlukaniswe phakathi kwezinhlangano amalungiselelo based.

Umnikelo abahlanganyeli

Amabhizinisi ukunikeza ubuchwepheshe professional, ukusekela ngokwezimali, ekuphatheni okuhle, ukusebenza kahle nakalula ekwenzeni izinqumo, okubonisa nekhono ukusungula. Through the ngokubambisana, yethula izindlela ezintsha umsebenzi, wesimanje imishini, ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe. Ngo inqubo nokubambisana, amafomu amasha yenhlangano zezimboni kwakhiwa izinkampani, kuhlanganise zangaphandle atshalwe nokubambisana ephezulu ephumelelayo nosonkontileka kanye nabaphakeli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo emakethe umsebenzi liyaqhubeka likhula, ukufuneka abasebenzi abaholelwa kahle onekhono kakhulu.

Isimo ngokufanayo, inikeza amalungelo athile nokuphathelene, kudambise intela, iziqinisekiso, nemithombo yezimali nezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Amandla ngokubambisana neNhlangano izinhlangano commercial ithuba bona umsebenzi wabo ngqo - control, imigomo, ukuhambisana umphakathi. Ngokuhamba partnership ukuthuthukiswa isimo singancipha kancane nokususa ukugcizelela kusukela izinkinga ezithile ukwakhiwa nokusebenza insiza imisebenzi zokuphatha nokulawula. Okuphambili izingozi ibhizinisi kuthiwa isabalaliswe maqondana izakhiwo kwezohwebo. Ukubaluleka yezenhlalakahle yobudlelwane ukuthi okuholela inzuzo emphakathini njengesakhamuzi esihlelekile izinga eliphakeme service umsebenzisi.

Cooperation Local

Okubaluleke kakhulu izinhlelo ngokubambisana kukahulumeni kukhona komasipala. Emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni akulo ukuthwala umthwalo oyinhloko ukuqaliswa izinkinga abalulekile emphakathini ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuphathwa. Lezi izindawo, ikakhulukazi, zihlanganisa ezokuthutha, indawo yokuhlala, ukongiwa kwemvelo, izindlu, igesi kanye ugesi. Inkinga eyinhloko ezibhekene neziphathimandla zendawo, yokuntuleka kwezimali izenzo. Ngokuqondene nalokhu dolobha ukhulisa izakhiwo kwezohwebo, ngokuvumelana 224-FZ, kuba umkhuba ovamile.

izivumelwano zokuphatha

Ngo umkhuba ngamazwe, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nokubambisana phakathi iziphathimandla kanye nezinkampani kwezohwebo. Njengoba omunye wabo nezinkontileka zikahulumeni isinyathelo. Ziyakwazi izivumelwano zokuphatha zazo esiphakathi izinhlangano commercial futhi uhulumeni (federal, yesifunda, sendawo). Okuvame kakhulu ngokubambisana kukahulumeni emkhakheni kwezenhlalo, emkhakheni supply kwemikhiqizo uMasipala kanye nesimo nezidingo, ukuphatha, ukunikezwa usizo lwezobuchwepheshe. Inkontileka nezokuphatha impahla kwesokudla akanikwa inhlangano kwezohwebo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izingozi futhi zindleko ezithwalwa ngokugcwele uMbuso. Isithakazelo sabantu ibhizinisi ukuthengisa, ngokuhambisana inkontileka, yena unelungelo lokuthola ingxenye okuvunyelwene imali noma ukuqoqa izinkokhelo. Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi izivumelwano ezinjalo kungaba akuthuthukisi nje isithunzi inkampani, kodwa futhi okuqinisekisiwe ukuze uthole izintandokazi kungenzeka namalungelo, inzuzo ezinzile, umelele emakethe.

izivumelwano yokuqasha

Esikhathini kohlaka kuthengiselana ezivamile ekudluliseni impahla etholakala impahla kamasipala noma isimo, isakhiwo commercial ekusebenziseni imali. Lokhu kungaba isakhiwo, isikhala wokwakha, umhlaba. Qasha ngendlela evamile kuhilela sokukhokhwa lodaba yalapha. Ngesikhathi igunya elifanayo uhlala nomnikazi, futhi ekuphetheni ibhizinisi commercial singanikezwanga isivumelwano nokuchitha impahla. Kwezinye izimo, inhlangano angathenga luhlobo, isakhiwo noma umhlaba. Qasha ngesimo eqashisa ngamafulethi njalo eqala ebujamweni obunjalo.

yokunivumela

manje Le ndlela ngokubambisana kukahulumeni kuba Sekuvamile ngaphezulu. yokunivumela sici ukuthi abaphathi bakaMasipala noma isimo kohlaka nokubambisana ahlale umnikazi egcwele impahla, ukugunyaza ubudlelwane bezentengiselwano ukwenza imisebenzi lokuvela yesivumelwano, isikhathi esithile. Kuze kube yimanje, inkampani wadlula amakhono zomthetho kunesidingo sokuba ukusebenza into yokunivumela. Ngokuba ukusebenza impahla inhlangano commercial okhokha imali ngendlela futhi ngaphansi kwezimo eyasungulwa sivumelwano. Kulokhu, ubunikazi umkhiqizo umsebenzisi.

sivumelwano Izici

Imvume has izici ezilandelayo:

  1. Njengoba isihloko ngaso sonke isikhathi wenza kamasipala noma isimo. Zingabonisa umsebenzi okukhethekile seZwe noma Wezokuvikela.
  2. Njengoba omunye amaqembu isivumelwano liyinhlangano kamasipala noma isimo ogunyaziwe.
  3. Inhloso yalo yokunivumela iyona nokwaneliseka ngezidingo emphakathini.
  4. Isivumelwano ukhonza njengoba isisekelo sokuba nobuhlobo.
  5. I imvume kuhilela senkokhelo yesivumelwano ndaba.

Ekuphetheni izivumelwano, ukuqasha izivumelwano, isimo noma izenzo umasipala njengoba isihloko komthetho we-civil. Ngokulandelana, ngomsebenzi wabo ngempumelelo ngokwanele GK izikhundla. Lapho ubudlelwane yokunivumela isimo endaweni yokuqala isikhungo komthetho womphakathi. Kuleli qhaza lethu, akusiyo nje idlulisela ingxenye ngamakhono izinkampani wokuhweba, kodwa futhi ukuphathisa abanye isabelo esithile amandla nemisebenzi. Lelo lungiselelo kuvunyelwe kuphela ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo. Phakathi umphakathi-umthetho izici yokunivumela kufanele labopha ngesithakazelo yabo yasobala, okuyinto imelele izenzo nesimo. Ngu wesigodi, inhlangano commercial ubophekile ukuba zizithobe kubo, okungukuthi, ukuba kucinisekisa inchubekela embili yesevisi, ukulingana izimali, lungeneke, umthengi ze-non-olubandlululayo.

proliferation ezivuna

Ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni zivumelwano wathola kule mikhakha ingqalasizinda. Kulezi imikhakha edinga utshalomali olunzulu kanye kwatheleka izisebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Okwamanje sesiyabazi izinhlobo ezintathu oyinhloko ezivuna:

  1. On izinto ezikhona kakade.
  2. Ukuze ukwakhiwa noma sesimanje ingqalasizinda.
  3. Ukudluliswa kamasipala noma isimo ukuphathwa kwempahla.

Njengengxenye yalezi zinhlobo amafomu okungenzeka izivumelwano yokunivumela esekelwe inhlanganisela ezahlukene amandla, kanye imingcele ethile utshalomali nomsebenzi ebhizinisi.

Isimo e-Russia

Ngo ukulawulwa RF izivumelwano yokunivumela sacala kusebenta ngo-2005 Okwamanje, Nokho, ukubambisana okunjalo akuzange wathola ukuthuthukiswa yayo. Isizathu esiyinhloko lesi simo, ochwepheshe baye ngokuthi ukuntuleka ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo umsebenzisi. Ubungozi ukuthi inhlangano Ezentengiselwano ziye eziphathelene ukuqondisa imisebenzi yayo ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, wawuhlanganisa duty ekhona ukwenza imali yokunivumela ephakeme. Nokho, nesahlulelo sokwephula isivumelwano yomsebenzisi mthethonqubo hhayi kusungulwa. Kukhona ingxoxo eziqhubekayo kwi izichibiyelo zomthetho, okungase zishukumisa ukuvela ubudlelwane yokunivumela eRussia.

Isivumelwano kwimikhiqizo Isigaba

Le ndlela ubuhlobo phakathi amabhizinisi kanye ejensi kahulumeni babe ezinye izici yokunivumela. Nokho, lesi sivumelwano enezinto eziningi izici. Umehluko ikakhulukazi ukucushwa kwe ubudlelwane impahla. Ngokusho isivumelwano yokunivumela, ilungelo ukudala umlingani yangasese imikhiqizo ukuhlala naye. Ngokusho isivumelwano ku division of imiphumela imisebenzi kuyinto nje ingxenye. I-oda we ukudluliselwa amalungelo nemibandela echazwe yisivumelwano ekhethekile.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Sekuvele ethandwa kakhulu ngokubambisana kukahulumeni kwezemfundo. Ngakho, manje sisebenzela ukuqaliswa kwe-dual ukuqeqeshwa uhlelo. Yandisa lolu hlobo PPP e Petersburg naseMoscow. Lisikisela ukubandakanywa izinkampani yokukhiqiza inqubo kulungiselelwa abasebenzi onekhono kakhulu. Ezemfundo Ngakho eyenziwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kusuka imisebenzi yokukhiqiza.

Olunye uhlobo ezivamile nokuxhumana esivuna komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele ekunakekelweni kwempilo. It ngokuyinhloko nezokungcebeleka, spa wemboni. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinhlobo komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele ayakhula ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, izivumelwano yokunivumela yasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni zokupaka, emigwaqweni emikhulu, ukuhlinzeka bafudumale. Namuhla, i-ukusabalala elandayo UKUBAMBISANA emkhakheni wezokuvikela, ezokuthutha wemisebenzi, ezamasiko kanye sphere zemfundo. Uma izinhlelo zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukuxhumana phakathi kukahulumeni commercial izinhlangano. Bahlanganiswe umahluko ngokuvumelana ivolumu amalungelo impahla, ezibophweni ezingokwezimali amaqembu, izimiso lobungozi-ukwabelana, kanye umthwalo ukukhishwa izinhlobo ezithile zomsebenzi.

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