Okusho phraseologism "jacket". Popular Inkulumo ethi 'umbhede Procrustean "

Uyini ingcebo ngolimi kweqiniso? Njengoba ebhala NM Karamzin, akusiyo inombolo enkulu imisindo noma amazwi amaningi, futhi abanekhono lokudlulisa imiqondo zokuziphatha ezicashile kanye nemizwa. Enye yezindlela yokukhuluma angabhekwa isengezo phraseological amayunithi - inhlanganisela nzile amazwi, lo okuthiwa amafomula ngamazwi ukuthi elikhanyayo, ngamafuphi nangokunembile ukucacisa sengqondo, imizwa nemizwelo isikhulumi.

Okusho phraseologism "Procrustes embhedeni"

Kunoma iluphi ulimi, kunezindlela Inkulumo ezinzile, inhlanganisela ngomumo lwamagama musa nje ukuhlobisa it, futhi esiza isikhulumi lokuveza isimo sabo sengqondo nalokho okwenzeka. Ngo yezilimi, bebizwa phraseology. Esinye sezici yabo ubumbaxambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe kwencazelo eqondile engokomfanekiso, okuphambene ukufunda ongokoqobo. Kule umbono kuyinto ezithakazelisayo ukubaluleka phraseologism "embhedeni Procrustean". Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi - Ukhulumé isigebengu wamaRefa zamaGreki, futhi amathuluzi akhe engavamile sokuhlushwa, ngokomfanekiso - ngenkani ukulingana lutho ngaphansi kwemikhawulo esiqinile.

"Amavithamini" inkulumo

Phraseology - igatsha wesayensi yezilimi (isayensi ulimi), elibhekene nomse- phraseology noma amayunithi phraseological. Kungani vele kufanele ngitadishe lesi simanga ngokolimi ukwakha isiqondiso esiqondile yezilimi? Okokuqala, impikiswano Umbuzo uyasala, Yini eyaqinisa imishwana angabhekwa phraseology: izaga, amazwi, tisho, amazwi, njll Futhi okwesibili, ngaphezu kokutadisha izindlela kumiswa zabo, phraseology is uyabandakanyeka imithombo umsuka izibalo ezithile inkulumo ... Ngokuya ukubukeka ematfuba ibinzana of isiRashiya zihlukaniswe wakudala Russian waboleka.

Primordially Russian waboleka

Imithombo kuyinto primordially Russian isiko lasendulo lwamaSlav, ukuphila, amasiko, izinkolelo, temdzabu, kanye nemisebenzi abalobi isiRashiya, "lowo nyaka" - kudala, kudala; "Ukuxega" - ukuze ahlale emuva; "Ngaphandle inkosi ikhanda lakhe" - umuntu owenza izinto oyisiphukuphuku. Kodwa namuhla kuzoxoxwa okuncane mayelana nabo, ngoba sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo inkulumo ethi 'umbhede Procrustean "libhekisela phraseology waboleka. Njengoba isayensi, lona wamuva beza kithi kusukela imibhalo waseBhayibhelini-ivangeli (i- "isithelo esenqatshelwe '- nesilingo sinqatshiwe), amaRoma futhi zamaGreki (" ifindo Gordian "- a udidekile, inhlanganisela ongavamile izimo), kanye Izilimi zase-Western European nezincwadi (" Princess and the Pea "- spoilt ngabantu).

Izaga Antique

Yini eye wasishiyela ifa IGrisi yasendulo? AmaGreki 'wanikela' nathi isayensi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, wadala iningi tetemibhalo, baba umthombo neyobuntu value system ... Yilokho ingxenye encane yini esitholakala yonke empucukweni yomhlaba. Kodwa manje akusona ngalokho, noma kunalokho, ngalokhu - mayelana impumelelo zezwe lasendulo, kodwa ensimini ezahlukene - yezilimi. iqembu waboleka Obalulekile izinkulumo ezingokomfanekiso ezavela ngenxa bakha amayunithi phraseological kusukela zamaGreki: "ezitebeleni Augean" - igumbi Waze wangcola bo; "Zingagcwaliseki" - nyamalala Umoya-mpilo omncane, kwalasha, kukhohlakale; "Saddle Pegasus." - funa ugqozi ukubhala izinkondlo, ube imbongi, njll Njengoba singabona kusukela izibonelo, ukuze usebenzise kahle lolu hlobo amabinzana, isibonelo, unombono, okusho "embhedeni Procrustean", kubalulekile ukwazi umlando imvelaphi yabo, noma okungenani kube ujwayelene izinganekwane lasendulo ngesiGreki nezincwadi.

"Embhedeni Procrustean": incazelo kanye nemvelaphi

Chaza isisho "embhedeni Procrustean" ukusiza legend of hero lesiGreki Theseus, indodana Efry inkosi yase-Athene Aegeus. Lapho ekhula futhi zikhula, unina noyisemkhulu emthumela Athens ukuthola uyise. Theseus abazange bazilalele ngesicelo umndeni ukuya phezu kolwandle, kodwa wakhetha indlela nzima - ngezinyawo sidabula Isthmus. Kunzima kwaba indlela wahlangana eziningi izithiyo, phakathi okwakukhona ukushayisana komhlaba damask isigebengu ngelika Procrustes, okusho "Puller". Mayelana nalesi villain waya notoriety. Zonke wokujikeleza wayekade abamenyiwe endlini yakhe, lapho balinda i sokuhlushwa okubuhlungu: Wazenza zonke ulale embhedeni abadumile yakhe, futhi uma bekungenjongo esikhulu "umfel 'ukholo", wadonsa kuye kuze kube izinyawo zakhe akazange uthinte emaphethelweni. Futhi uma embhedeni kwaba kancane ngeshwa ukuthi sinqunyiwe kwezinyawo zakhe. Theseus wahlasela giant, wayilalisa embhedeni ke. It yayimbalwa futhi intsha yayo ngokugqamile yabulawa ngendlela efanayo njengoba elahla abampofu kanye izihambi. Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, igama isigebengu Procrustes nensimbi yomculo wakhe zokuhlukunyezwa - "umbhede" ulahlekelwe incazelo yabo ngqo, futhi ndawonye ukuthatha libe nencazelo ehluke, okuyinto yakhiwa wazibonela phezu ukufundwa inganekwane imizwa nemizwelo. Ngakho, ngo-Russian ukubaluleka kolimi phraseologism "embhedeni Procrustean" - ngezinga elithile okuthile noma into ngenkani ukuzivumelanisa, ngezifiso.

nezinye izilimi

Borrowed amayunithi phraseological - kuba, njengoba umthetho, umfutho ngamazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "Achilles 'isithende' - ukulimaza - has sabafowabo ngesiNgisi - Achilles 'isithende, amaFulentshi - talon d'Achille, ngesiGreki - αχίλλειος πτέρνα, isiJalimane - Achillesferse nokunye. Nokho, yena uhlala ngokugcwele futhi incazelo yalo, izithombe zayo. Manje cabanga "embhedeni Procrustean", izibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwaso ngezinye izilimi: Greek - προκρούστεια κλίνη, English - embhedeni Procrustean, isiJalimane - Prokrustesbett nokunye. I wafunda Inkulumo lasendulo ethandwa ngazo zonke izilimi kulondoloza isithombe villain Procrustes, ngesisekelo obekukhona kuwo isifenqo, okusho ukuthi ukubaluleka lilondolozwe futhi phraseologism "embhedeni Procrustean" - isakhiwo zamanga nezilinganiso lutho, futhi lucebe futhi kolimi, okungukuthi, ukuthuthelwa yokukhuluma kusukela kolunye ulimi eyiswa kolunye ayizange kwaholela zonke izinhlobo izinguquko.

Isisho noma yindlela ethandwayo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, phakathi zezilimi kusenabantu umehluko, kukhona izaga kanye namazwi kumayunithi phraseological noma cha. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi yebo, futhi zihlanganisa izaga kanye namazwi eqenjini "izinkulumo phraseological." Okunye zezilimi ukuphika lokhu Eqinisweni, futhi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zenzakalo ngokolimi akukwazi isihloko cwaningo phraseology. Umbuzo Yiqiniso, eziyinkimbinkimbi futsi kwabakhona kuphikisana. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi 'umbhede Procrustean "kungenziwa ukubizwa ngokuthi phraseology, futhi kuze kube yindlela ethandwayo.

Njengoba isisho ngomqondo emincane izwi, it has izici ezilandelayo:

• tenkhulumo, okungukuthi indivisible, indecomposability izitatimende phezu izingxenye ngabanye (igama elithi "Procrustean" nokuthi ufuna "ukulala" ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa eceleni, noma belahlekelwa incazelo zawo ezifanayo futhi jikisa inhlanganisela khulula);
• rethinking - ukubaluleka kokuqala ibinzana, ukubaluleka ngokushesha iguqulwe ibe ongokomfanekiso (ibinzana "Procrustes embhedeni" ekuqaleni ukuqamba nomphangi nensimbi yomculo yayo eyayidume ngokukhulekela sokuhlushwa, bese kuphela atholwe umuzwa yesibili - ngesilinganiso esisemthethweni);
• Ukumelana - kwakha "embhedeni Procrustean" inzuzo ayikwazi esikhundleni salo kube nezinye;
• Ukuhlanganisa ukuze ingxenye ethile yokukhuluma - inkulumo esho "embhedeni Procrustean" izenzo njengoba ibizo;
• asihlole nasemizweni yokuthatheka.

Inkulumo Antique ethandwa

Ngubani owabhala elithi "yindlela ethandwayo," "amazwi ezinamaphiko" isibaluli Homer, ngubani okokuqala ke lalisetshenziswa "Iliad": emlonyeni isikhulumi ukuphula ngokushesha izwi futhi ngaso leso sikhathi waya indlebe okulalele. Ngo yezilimi zanamuhla, leli gama baqonde quote esimeme futhi owaziwa kusukela imisebenzi zakudala cinema, emculweni, ukukhangisa, kanye namazwi abantu abadumile. amazwi amaningi angasuselwa iBhayibheli noma zamaGreki, ezifana inkulumo ethi 'umbhede Procrustean ". Izwe "amazwi ezinamaphiko" ashukumisayo - ezinye izingcaphuno ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulahlekelwa ukuqondana abo, ukuthandwa futhi zinyamalale, abanye bavele futhi babe ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko.