Yini okungukuthi nokudoswa? ukucabanga deductive

Nge ebanjwayo yembula iqiniso kwezesayensi yemvelo futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Abantu isicelo ezinengqondo ikhono, ukuthi ngendlela jikelele umuzwa, futhi okungukuthi imali ebanjwayo kwansuku yasendlini ukuphila, emsebenzini, imidlalo, kanye nezinye non-isayensi imisebenzi. Ihlola lezi izinqubo logic of isayensi. Imali ebanjwayo kusekelwe ukwabiwa izahlulelo ezivamile yangasese ngokucabangela ngokunengqondo kusetshenzwe. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono mayelana nodaba kudingeka ukuba uqonde ukuthi lokhu ebanjwayo, uphinde uhlole zonke izici ezihlobene.

Siyini isiphetho?

Okokuqala sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi isiphetho esinjalo. Logic ubona lo mqondo njengoba oluthile ukucabanga, lapho izithembiso eziningana (izinhlobo ukwahlulela) Kufika isiphakamiso esisha (ie, okutholakele noma iziphetho).

Ngokwesibonelo:

1. Zonke izinto eziphilayo zisebenzisa umswakama.
2. Kasibili zonke izitshalo siphila eziphilayo.
3. Inshokutsi - zonke izitshalo uqede umswakama.

Ngakho, kulesi Ngokwesibonelo, lokuqala nelesibili ukwahlulela - lo mlayezo, kanti eyesithathu - okukhiphayo (isiphetho). Wrongness uthumela omunye kungaholela esiphethweni zamanga. Uma zithembiso anixhunyiwe, okukhiphayo kungenziwa.

Iziphetho zihlukaniswe nenkhulumombiko. Isiphetho lokugcina isithembiso esisodwa. Okungukuthi, aguqulwa by elula izahlulelo.

Ngo okucatshangwayo engaqondile ukuhlaziywa ithumela O imikhondo eziningana ekwakhekeni. imicabango yabantu okunjalo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu: deductive, exhasa futhi kufinyelelwe iziphetho ezinembile by Isifaniso. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo.

ukucabanga deductive

Wabopha ngabhande linye esekelwe ebanjwayo, ihlinzeka isiphetho endabeni ethile ojwayelekile.

Ngokwesibonelo:

1. Izinkawu like ubhanana.
2. Lucy - inkawu.
3. Wabopha ngabhande linye: Lucy uthanda ubhanana.

Kulesi sibonelo, umyalezo wokuqala jikelele abuse yesibili - endabeni ethile likhona ojwayelekile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngesisekelo salokhu kuphothulwe maqondana lesi simo. Uma zonke lezi zinkawu efana ubhanana, noLucy okungukuthi omunye wabo, yena uthanda kubo. Isibonelo likuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi lokhu ebanjwayo. Lokhu nhlangano enkulu kunazo zonke kuya kwencane kunazo zonke edaliwe, kusukela jikelele kuya isici esithile lapho ulwazi uncipha okubangela isiphetho evumelekile.

ukucabanga exhasa

Okuphambene ukucabanga deductive kuyinto exhasa, lapho ezinye izimo ezikhethekile we evamile uboniswa.

Ngokwesibonelo:

1. Vasya has a ikhanda.
2. Petya has a ikhanda.
3. Kolya has a ikhanda.
4. Bob, Pete no-Nick - abantu.
5. Inshokutsi - bonke abantu babe ikhanda.

Kulokhu, ngokuthumela zakhe zokuqala ezintathu ziphathelene ezimweni ezikhethekile, yesine generalized ngaphansi eyodwa ekilasini lezinto, futhi isiphetho uthe Ngokuvamile zonke izinhloso zalo ekilasini. Ngokungafani ebanjwayo okutholakele ekucabangeni exhasa isuka phansi kuya phezulu, kusukela ngqo jikelele, ngakho-ke, okwatholakala akuzona onokwethenjelwa futhi probabilistic. Emva ukudluliselwa amacala esikhethekile iqembu ingqikithi iphutha yizikhukhula, njengoba kuzo zonke izimo, kungase kube okuhlukile. Imvelo probabilistic ka lokungeniswa - ngokuqinisekile kancane, kodwa kukhona omkhulu plus kuqhathaniswa ebanjwayo. Uyini ebanjwayo? Lesi sahlulelo, sisebenzela unciphise ulwazi sebhithi yayo, ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlaziywa amaqiniso aziwayo. Lokungeniswa ngokuphambene kuholela ukunwetshwa ulwazi, ukudalwa into entsha, ukuhlanganiswa kwezici okutholakele ezintsha nezahlulelo.

Isifaniso

Uhlobo esilandelayo ukucabanga isekelwe Isifaniso, okungukuthi ukufana ezilinganisiwe lezinto nomunye. Uma izinto zifana ngoba izimpawu bavumela yokufana kwawo abanye.

Isibonelo ukucabanga by Isifaniso zingakhiqiza uvivinyo imikhumbi emikhulu echibini lapho izakhiwo zabo buthule idluliselwe amanzi evulekile izilwandle nasolwandle. Isimiso esifanayo ziqondiswa ekutadisheni amabhuloho sezindawo micromodels.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iziphetho Isifaniso, kanye lokungeniswa, kukhona probabilistic.

Iyini inzuzo ukususa?

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ukucabanga deductive ungenza umuntu ukuphila, futhi le miphumela kuthinte sphere eziningi zokuphila ngaphezu ucwaningo. Deductive ndlela yokucabanga okungukuthi kakhulu ewusizo komthetho, okuphenya kanye zokwahlulela iziphathimandla (elisho "Sherlock" yesimanjemanje).

Kodwa yini umuntu wayenza, ukususa kuhlale ewusizo. Umsebenzi okhokhelwayo lizokuvumela ukwenza izixazululo okunengqondo kakhulu futhi abanekhono okucabangela imiphumela yesikhathi eside, yesikole - ngokushesha futhi kuphindelelwa nakwamadala kahle isihloko, bese ekuphileni kwansuku zonke - kangcono ukwakha ubudlelwano nabantu baqonde abanye.

ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ukususa

Abantu abaningi kulezi zinsuku bathambekele self-ukuthuthukiswa kanye, njengoba umthetho, woza ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuba izinga yokucabanga deductive. Kanjani ukuthuthukisa ebanjwayo?

Ukuthuthukiswa ukususa angabamba iqhaza imidlalo ekhethekile, kanye ukwethulwa indlela entsha yokucabanga ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. iseluleko Basic ekukhuleni yayo zingabekwa ndawonye amabhlogo ezilandelayo:

1. isithakazelo Awakening. Noma yikuphi okubalulekile ufundwa, kufanele ubangele ukukhathazeka. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi siqonde kangcono yonke butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela isihloko futhi sifinyelele ezingeni oyifunayo okuqonda.
2. Ukulifunda ngijule. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka cwaningo kwezihloko yokuzenzisa, kuphela olunzulu ukuhlaziywa uyonika okuhle yi.
3. Ocabangayo. Abantu ne ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga ngokuvamile abe nolwazi e ezicini eziningi zokuphila - isiko, umculo, ezemidlalo, isayensi, njll
4. Ukuvumelana nezimo yokucabanga. Kuyini ebanjwayo ngaphandle unenkululeko yokucabanga? Kuyinto imfanelo cishe engenamsebenzi. Ukuthuthukisa ezifana nezimo, kubalulekile ukuzama ukuze obonwa zonke izindlela futhi izikimu ukuthola izici ezintsha nezindaba umbono ukuthi yazise isinqumo efanele futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingalindelekile. A lejulile ngisho ezimweni ezivamile kakhulu futhi ujwayelene kuzovumela ukwenza okungcono futhi ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu, isinqumo ezimele.
5. Ngokuhlanganisa. Zama ukucabanga ngesikhathi esifanayo e ezahlukene ngezindlela - Hlanganisa exhasa futhi deductive ukucabanga.