Rinaldi Antonio - Ezivelele Italian ku XVIII leminyaka Russia

Rinaldi Antonio - wezakhiwo Italian owayesebenza Russia engxenyeni kwekhulu XVIII yesibili. ubuqambi yakhe kungokwalabo izakhiwo eziningi e Gatchina, Oranienbaum, Tsarskoye Selo, yebo, ku-Petersburg. Nge igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa aphuma baraque ukuba classicism bokwakha Russian.

Rinaldi Antonio: Biography emfushane

Mayelana intokazi wezakhiwo waziwa kancane kakhulu. Kuyangabazeka ngisho unyaka endaweni lokuzalwa. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwaba eNaples. Kuthathwa ngokuthi kuba eningizimu ye-Italy, futhi wachitha esengumntwana Rinaldi Antonio. Umlando wakhe ugcwele amabala amhlophe, kodwa mhlawumbe wenza wayevela emkhayeni zasebukhosini. Lezi ezizathwini zisekelwe kucatshangwa ukuthi umklami esizayo wafundela amakhosi L. Vanvitelli (okuyinto ngenhlanhla kwakungelona emdala kuye), wathatha eshabhu lakhe abafana ukusuka eNaples omakhelwane abanezizinda ezinhle. Mentor wayengomunye walaba abaklami abadumile kakhulu Italian ngasekupheleni kwenkathi Baroque. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa uthisha master abasha kwenziwe umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala.

Rinaldi efika eRussia ngo-1951. Ngaphambi kwalokho, waya baseNgilandi naseJalimane, kanti izakhiwo German liye laba nethonya elikhulu ikusasa ukwakhiwa. ERussia, ngesikhathi classicism uye cishe esikhundleni Baroque. Ukuthandwa ezijatshulelwa abaklami ezifana Sokolov, Rastrelli, Cameron. Ngaphansi inkontileka, Rinaldi achitha iminyaka 7 enkonzweni Ukubala Razumovsky Hetman ka Ruthenia. Kwakuhlelwe ukuthi uyothatha lokwenza ngcono sokuqondisa se esifundeni esizayo - emzini Baturin. Le phrojekthi ezinkulu awuzange igcwaliswe. Ukuze Hetman wezakhiwo Wakha ithempeli eyodwa kuphela, bese ngo-1954 saya ku-St Petersburg.

Ngo umakhi inhlokodolobha kube nezithelo abasebenza oda koMbusi uPetru III. Uphakamisa isakhiwo zezakhiwo e Oranienbaum, yakha Marble Palace eSt, usebenza Tsarskoye Selo. Rinaldi bekulokhu lwesithathu iphrojekthi ihlazo iningi Cathedral St-Isaka, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kabusha Montferrand. Omunye imisebenzi lokugcina umakhi - ISonto LamaKatolika St. Catherine, lapho sekunesikhathi eside lo mqaphi esifunda.

Umakhi wayegcwele izinhlelo zokudala, kodwa kube nengozi engaba inhlekelele uvinjelwe izithembiso zakhe zigcwaliseka. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa le Bolshoi Theatre Petersburg, yena bakhubeka bawa ku emahlathini. Umsebenzi yayingakwazi. Master ezikhonjwe impesheni esaphila, futhi lapho waya ekhaya, njalo lidlule ngokusebenzisa inxusa. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila umakhi systematized futhi ubeka izinto ngononina ku imiklamo yabo kanye nemidwebo. Rinaldi Antonio washona eRoma ngo-1974.

isikhathi Italian

Ngaphambi kohambo lwakhe silibangise eRussia ezweni of umakhi wachitha iminyaka engaba ngu-40. Le nkathi kwaba ithonya ngqo uthisha, Luigi Vanvitelli. ukuqeqeshwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngo umkhuba. Rinaldi uye wasebenza njengoba umfundi and umklami umsizi. Waba khona Umklamo enqabeni Caserta, omunye izakhiwo ngobukhulu yaseYurophu of esinjengesasebukhosini. Yayihloselwe inkosi ngokwayo. Le nqaba kwaba esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu se ngasekupheleni Baroque Italy. Kulokhu, isivele kuyabonakala, ezinye izici classicism.

Ukwakhiwa lezindela eSt Augustine eRoma, futhi, kwaba nomhlangano iqhaza Antonio Rinaldi. Umakhi usasebenza njengoba iqembu. Kodwa lombhishobhi e lezindela Saint uMariya Magdalena e Pesaro azidala ngokuzimela. Rinaldi wazibonisa njengoba kwamiswa master ovuthiwe. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke yabhekisela futhi wacelwa ukuba iRussia.

Gatchina

Ukraine Rinaldi Antonio kwakubangelwa umzalwane oluthandayo Elizabeth, Kirill Razumovsky. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwase hetman Little eRussia, futhi umnumzane oqavile. Nge wezakhiwo owaqashwa futhi bayalwa ukuba uqhubekele ukuklanywa yokuhlala hetman e Baturyn. Iplani kwakungukuthi ukwenza idolobha-dolobha kule ndawo, ukwakha ezinye izindlu Gingerbread kakhudlwana futhi bachithe redevelop ezitaladini. In parallel ukuklanywa yokuhlala Rinaldi owakha ithempeli Razumovsky. Kirill G. kwaba umphathi omuhle, kodwa akazange ukugwema ukufumbathisa ngokufunjathiswa nokuphamba. Ngo 1754 ebizelwa eMoscow ukubika endaweni yayo, ngemva kwalokho ngezimali kanye namandla we-Hetman abangu ikhinyabezwa. Amacebo kabusha futhi Baturina aphambuka amasevisi wezakhiwo wenqaba ukukhokha isinxephezelo. Ngawo lowo nyaka wathunyelwa Petersburg.

Oranienbaum

Petersburg, Rinaldi wathatha inkonzo esigodlweni uPetru III. Lapho wokubusa kwakhe iphelile, uCatherine II wenza wezakhiwo master enkantolo, futhi kulesi sikhundla bekatsatsa kuze 1784. I-oda kuqala uKhesari ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi Oranienbaum. Lapha Rinaldi esakhiwe uPetru III Palace, inkundla esishelelayo Hill, Opera House, futhi kamuva - Chinese esigodlweni. Petrovsky Palace awuzange senzelwe izindlu, kunalokho kwaba nendawo nesokuphumula. I-Miniature wokwakha ezimbili storey kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ngokuya izixazululo ngekwendzawo. It is eyakhelwe njengoba isikwele, omunye ekhoneni okuyinto imikiswe arc bushelelezi. Ngenxa yaleli su esakhiweni esithile esincane sibonakala pretty umxhwele. esigodlweni Chinese besihloselwe yokuhlala uCatherine II eminyakeni 1762-1768. Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka vogue isitayela chinoiserie ukusizakala Chinese indaba ephathwayo, futhi Interiors abaningana ehlotshisiwe ngokuvumelana izitayela fashion. Phezu kokuphothula umsebenzi e Oranienbaum, umakhi wemfanelo wokuphatha buildings Tsarskoye Selo.

Tsarskoye Selo

Umsebenzi ku Tsarskoselskaya nasezakhiweni kunamandla phakathi nenkathi enzima kakhulu umsebenzi Rinaldi Antonio. Ukuhlela ukwakheka yakha eziningana emadokodweni, namatshe amade abaziwe, kanye namatshe. He sungula futhi beqondisa ukwakhiwa Cesme, Morea, eCrimea amakholomu, Cahul Obelisk lesikhumbuzo Lansky. Zonke izakhiwo yesikhumbuzo khazimulisa amandla lasolwandle Russian kanye nebutho lempi. IsiShayina inkundla kanye Chinese Theatre uyaqhubeka isihloko chinoiserie. isitayela Rinaldi European unika umsindo Russian. Motifs Chinese usukela kokubili wezangaphakathi nangaphandle - ngokwesibonelo, ekuklanyweni emagumbini eligoqiwe ophahleni sika Chinese Theatre. Ngeshwa, le sakhiwo abhidlizwa ngesikhathi sempi futhi ubone kungaba kuphela ezithombeni.

ukwakhiwa Petersburg

Marble Palace, eklanyelwe in isitayela classicism avuthiwe, ngokuthi phezulu zokudala Rinaldi Antonio. Leli gama wanikezwa ngenxa izindonga, ngaphakathi itshe yemvelo. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isakhiwo kuphela Petersburg ne lokubhalela. zemabula Pink elisetshenziswa umhlobiso yangaphandle futhi umhlobiso ingaphakathi. isakhiwo ezimise U-Palace isibe gem sangempela iNeva yashayisa unqenqema. Manje kukhona legatsha le-Russian Museum.

Ezinye izakhiwo Petersburg amakhosi zihlanganisa Prince uVladimir Cathedral, insimbi embhoshongweni Ascension Temple, iSonto LamaKatolika St. Catherine ku saseNevsky Prospekt futhi Tuchkov Buyan - a eyinkimbinkimbi emafektri.

Umakhi waba nengxenye umsebenzi Cathedral eyesithathu St-Isaka. Le phrojekthi Rinaldi isakhiwo wayeshadile domes ezinhlanu futhi mncane ubude isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. Ngesikhathi kushona uCatherine II yaqedwa kuze kube kulo uphahla, kodwa ukuvala shaqa master bahluleka ngenxa yokulimala. Rinaldi baya eRoma, futhi abangu ngokuxhamazela eyakhelwe isitini Dome futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, ezimfushane ku base zemabula lombhishobhi. Ukwakhiwa ebangele resonance okukhulu emphakathini, epigrams nobukhali batheleka bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kamuva lombhishobhi lakhiwa kabutjha version yokugcina.

Rinaldi Antonio waqala impilo yakhe e-Italy futhi yaphela lapho. Kodwa inkathi yokuphila eRussia lezwakala "inhliziyo" ka yomlando wakhe, Wamupha zonke ithalente lakhe namandla akhe okudala. Ngo ukubukeka yezakhiwo Petersburg nasezindaweni ezizungezile Rinaldi babamba iqhaza elikhulu.