U-Alexey Karamazov, umlingiswa wenveli kaFyodor Dostoevsky Abazalwane Karamazov: Izici

U-Alexey Karamazov uyinhloko esemqoka yombhalo wokugcina kaF. F. Dostoyevsky "Abazalwane Karamazov". Le ndoda ayibonakali iyona eyinhloko, ngoba izenzakalo eziyinhloko zihlobene nomuntu womfowabo omdala, kodwa lokhu kungukuqala kokuqala. Kusukela ekuqaleni, umlobi ulungiselele u-Alyosha ikusasa elihle. Ngeshwa, umfundi kufanele afunde ngaye kusukela ekuhambeni kweveli, kodwa ingxenye yesibili ayingakaze ibhalwe ngenxa yokufa okungalindelekile kombhali.

Okuncane mayelana nomsebenzi

"Abafowethu Karamazov" babhekwa njengengqikithi yamakhono okubhala kaDostoevsky. Singasho ukuthi umbhali uye wabhala lo msebenzi konke ukuphila kwakhe. Ukudalwa kobuciko obuhle kwakuthatha iminyaka emibili, umsebenzi wagcwaliswa ngo-1980.

Le noveli ithinta izihloko ezimbi kakhulu - ukuziphatha, inkululeko, ukholo kuNkulunkulu, isisekelo somuntu. U-Dostoevsky wakhuphula yonke le mibuzo emisebenzini yakhe, kodwa akakaze akhululeke kakhulu.

U-Alexey Karamazov akayona nje iqhawe leveli, kuyilona elihle kunazo zonke ukuthi waphupha yonke impilo yakhe ukuze enze umbhali. UFyodor Mikhailovich wakhulelwa ukukhombisa ukwakheka kwakhe. Futhi engxenyeni yokuqala ye-The Brothers Karamazov, usekuqaleni kohambo lwakhe, akukho lutho oluye lwalukhona okwamanje, engakakutholi ukuphelela okungokomoya, kuphela okwenza isinyathelo sokuqala endleleni yakhe. Kodwa ingxenye yesibili yenveli ayifuni ukuvela.

I-prototype

U-Alexey Karamazov wayenombono wangempela. Leli yindodana encane yomlobi, igama le-hero, oshonile eneminyaka eyishumi ekufeni kwesifo sokufelwa, esadluliselwa kuye kuvela kuyise.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgxeki wezincwadi uL. Grossman wacabanga ukuthi lo mlingiswa ubuyela emuva kwiqhawe likaGeorge Sand no-Spyridon, owayengumonki futhi waqanjwa ngokuthi u-Alexei. Phakathi kwabantu bangempela futhi babhekisela ku-Alexei Khrapovitsky, owaba idolobha elikhulu.

Ukuphila kweqhawe ngaphambi kokuqala kwenveli

Ngakho-ke, uma uKaramazov Alexei Fyodorovich kuthiwa ungumlingisi oyinhloko, kungani engafani kakhulu naye? Umlobi uqobo uyaphendula lo mbuzo esanduleleni, ethi Alexei usengumuntu "ongenakubalwa". Indima yakhe izobonakalisa ngawo wonke amandla engxenyeni yesibili yenveli, ezoba yinto esemqoka. Ngakho-ke, lo mlingiswa naye wahlala engapheli.

Kodwa emuva kokuvela kweqhawe lethu. Ungomncane kunabo bonke ku-Karamazovs amathathu futhi ungumfowabo ka-Ivan. Unina, uSofya Ivanovna, wayengumfundisi "omnene". Kwakuvela kuye ukuthi le nsizwa izuze ifa lenkolo. Esinye isiqephu kusukela ebuntwaneni sakhe sikhumbule kahle i hero leveli no FM Dostoevsky. Kwakuyizolo ehlobo ehlobo, ilanga liphuma ngaphakathi efasiteleni elivulekile lingena ekamelweni. Ekhoneni kwakuyisithombe esinesibani esibhekile, ngaphambi kokuba umama onosizi abe ngamadolo akhe. Uphethe u-Alyosha omncane ezandleni zakhe futhi ngomthandazo wambeka ebusweni bukaMama kaNkulunkulu. Kulesi simo kukhona incazelo enkulu ye-sacral. USofya Ivanovna unikeza indodana yakhe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kukaMama kaNkulunkulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, waba ngumqashi, ngaphansi kwesibusiso samandla aphezulu.

Imfundo yakhe yenziwa ngabantu abangabazi, ngoba umama wakhe wafa ekuseni. Awuqedanga inkambo yokuzivocavoca, u-Alyosha wabuyela edolobheni lakubo ukuze athole ithuna lomama wakhe. Indoda endala uKaramazov yahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu ngenxa yokuvela kwendodana yakhe encane endlini yakhe. U-Fyodor Pavlovich wayephatha ngendlela ekhethekile u-Alyosha, ewukhetha phakathi kwenzalo yakhe.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya igolide lethu laya enkampanini njengesivivinywa kumdala uZosima, owayeyaziwa ngokuthi uyindoda nomphilisa.

Ukubukeka

Ngemuva kwesikhathi esedlule, kungase kubonakale sengathi i-Alexey Karamazov enomusa futhi ephakanyisiwe. Incazelo yokubukeka, noma kunjalo, ikhuluma ngenye into. U-Dostoevsky ugcizelela ngokuqondile iqhawe lakhe ngezempilo, ukuze umfundi angenayo umbono ophuthayo. U-Alexei uhluke ngokuphelele noPrince Myshkin, owayejwayele ukufaniswa nabafundi nabagxekayo.

U-Karamazov, osemncane, uhlukile emzimbeni nangokomoya: "omahle, obomvu, oqhakazile ngempilo, ngokukhanya okukhulu ... intsha eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala." Le nsizwa inhle kakhulu, inokuphakama okuphakathi, i-slender, nekhanda elimnyama elimnyama, iso elimnyama elikhanyayo, izici zobuso ezivamile. Ngokuvamile wayekwazi ukubona okuthile okucatshangelwayo.

U-Alexey Karamazov ovela emsebenzini "Abazalwane Karamazov" unesipho esikhethekile - uyakulahla kalula abantu. Le nsizwa inobungane, inomusa nabo bonke, ayikhumbuli amacala, ayikuhaha, ihlanzekile kakhulu futhi iyamahloni. Naphezu kokuthi ezenzakalweni ezinkulu akazithathi ingxenye ekhuthele, isithombe sakhe siphume kakhulu ngokumelene nesizinda sezinye izinhlamvu.

Alexey Karamazov: Izici

U-Alyosha yiyona hero entsha enhle kaDostoevsky. Ngaphambi kwalokho, umbhali wakhetha iziguli nabagulayo. E-Karamazov, nokho, ayikho uphawu lokugula. Lona amandla akhe. Uphephile ngokomoya nangokwenyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ungumuntu ongokoqobo, emi ngokuqinile emhlabathini, unamandla kaKaramazov. Futhi uma ubhubhisa abafowabo nobaba, i-hero yethu isebenzisa kuphela okuhle.

U-Alexey Karamazov ungumlingisi-isibalo. In the noveli, usebenza njengomsizi, uthembeke amanye amaqhawe, futhi akakhohlisi izilindelo zabo. Nansi indlela umlobi abhala ngayo ngalokhu: "Ngangihlale ngisasebenza ... Angikwazi ukuthanda ngokungazinaki ... Ngithandana futhi ngaqala ukusiza." Kulokhu akafani neziqhawe zangaphambilini zikaDostoevsky, ababengabaphuphi, ababefuna ukukwenza, kodwa bebengakwazi.

Monk

Isithombe se-Alesha Karamazov sihlotshaniswa nohlobo olusha lwezingokomoya lobuKristu ekhulwini le-19 - insizakalo yezindela emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu uhlaselwa yindabuko, kepha esikhundleni sokuhlala esitokisini, ushiya futhi aphile phakathi kwabantu abavamile. Le ndlela eya eqenjini ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ibikezela i-Zosima: "Uvela kulezi zindonga ... emhlabeni uyoba njengesihenqo ...". Futhi, lo mdala wabikezela u-Alyosha ukulingwa okuningi kanye nezinhlekelele endleleni, kodwa bayomlethela injabulo futhi bamtshele okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni. Kwakuyizikhathi ezenzelwe umlingisi u-Dostoevsky, kodwa kwakufanele kutholakale engxenyeni yesibili yenveli. Izenzo zokuqala njenge-preface.

Ubuhlobo buka-Alyosha nabafowabo

Abafowethu baseKaramazov bahluke kakhulu, kodwa banokuthile okufanayo. Lena amandla amakhulu avela emhlabeni futhi uwaqhubelela ekunganaki. Okungaphezu kwakho konke kuvela kuDmitry, ngakho uqala ukungqubuzana noyise. E-Ivan, kubonakala ngenye indlela - emibonweni yayo yokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nokungabaza. U-Alexei kuphela ongabhekana nayo futhi ayithumele esiteshini esinokuthula.

U-Dmitry, njengoFredor Pavlovich, uhlonipha leli hero, kodwa abhekana no-Ivan. Isizathu salokhu lukholo, futhi kule nkinga ayikwazi ukuvimbela noma yimuphi wabo. Abazalwane banendlela ehlukile yokubona izwe. U-Alyosha, ngenxa yokholo lwakhe kuNkulunkulu, uthanda abantu bobabili kanye neqiniso elizungezile. U-Ivan uqale ukuwaqonda nokuwaqonda. Akakwazi ukuthatha lutho kalula, udinga ukunikeza ubufakazi. Lapha umbhali ubonisa ukuxabana kwesizathu esibandayo kanye nothando lobuKristu.

Kodwa u-Alexei akanamandla ngokwanele ukuze aqiniseke. U-Dostoevsky wayehlala esondela ngokusondelene nencazelo yengqondo yabalingiswa bakhe, kanti abafowethu Karamazov babengenalo. U-Dmitry, u-Alexei no-Ivan babhekene nokuphila kwabo nokuvivinywa okungokomoya. Osemncane ubabaza ubulungiswa obuphakeme. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kokufa kukaZosima. Wonke umuntu wayelindele ukuthi isidumbu salowo muntu omdala singeke sibhekiswe enkohlakalo, ngakho-ke isimangaliso sizovezwa. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. U-Alexei uqala ukungabaza lokho uZosima amtshele khona. Iqhawe aliqondi, kuphi ukuguqulwa kwesimo semvelo kanye nobulungiswa obuphezulu? Uqala ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi u-Ivan angase abe kahle emazwini akhe. Iqhawe liqala ukuzwa ubuhlobo obungokomoya nomfowabo-ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Ngokuvamile bayakhumbula ingxoxo yabo.

Nokho, ukuhlubuka kuka-Alyosha, njengo-Ivan, kuphelile. Futhi uma umdala uKaramazov ephika uNkulunkulu futhi ehlaselwa ebuhlanya, khona-ke omncane ufika umbono wevuko.

Grushenka

Isithombe se-Alesha Karamazov sixhunywe noGrushenka, okubangela ukungqubuzana phakathi kukaDmitry noyise. I hero yethu iqalisa ngengozi - iletha uRakitin, emelelwe nguDostoyevsky, iMephistopheles yangempela.

Ngokushesha nje lapho u-Alexey ebona le ntombazane, ukuvutha kukaKaramazov kwavuka kuye. UGrushenka uvuselela isithakazelo sakhe, ehlezi phansi emadolweni futhi ehlinzeka nge-champagne. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho ubuhle buzwa ngokufa kukaZosima, khona-ke kwashintsha ngokushesha. U-Grushenka uhamba ngamadolo ka-Alyosha ngesaba futhi uqala ukubhapathizwa. Kuleli qophelo, i-hero ibona okuyisisekelo sangempela sensizwa. Uyamemeza, ekhomba kuye: "Ngithole ingcebo - umphefumulo onothando." Uzwela lukaGrushenka lwasiza umphefumulo ka-Alexei ukuba uphulukiswe. Futhi isihawu sakhe ngaye, sisekela le ntombazane. Ngakho i-heroine ikhuluma ngoKaramazov, omncane: "Uphendulele umphefumulo wami kimi ... ngadabukisa owokuqala ... yonke impilo yami njengoba kulindelwe ... okungeke kube nomusa kimi."

Ekugxekeni, isiqephu somhlangano wabo kubhekwa njengokuqothulwa komlando womakoti nomkhwenyana. Lapha u-Dostoevsky ubonisa ukunqoba kokuvuselela uthando olungokomoya kakhulu ngokuziphendulela, umuzwa wezwe. Imimoya yamaqhawe iyaqaphela ukusebenzisana kwabo nobunye obumanga. Basola omunye nomunye - "wonke umuntu uyasola konke." Kuyisono esihlanganisa abantu, okwenza abafowethu nodadewethu emhlabeni jikelele.

Emva kwalokho uGrushenka ulungele ukwabelana noMitya ngokukhulula kwakhe, futhi u-Alexey uvule umbono obonakalayo.

Umhlangano nalena ntombazane ushintsha isimo sengqondo sikaKaramazov, Jr .. Wonke umbhikisho kuye uyanyamalala, akasabe eselawula amabutho aphezulu kwanoma yini futhi ayidingi impendulo. Eshiya indlu kaGrushenka, le nsizwa ibuya ngokuzithoba endlini yezindela, lapho ikhona ethuneni lendoda endala futhi iqala ukuthandaza.

I-Insight yoMunye Umphefumulo

Ngokushesha ukuthi u-Alyosha wakwazi kanjani ukuqonda ukuthi kungani intombazane, owayebhekwa njenge-libertine embi, ukufana kweqhawe likaMyshkin, owasungulwa ngaphambili, kungalandelwa. Isikhulu sasinombono owodwa kuNastasya Filippovna ukuqonda ukuhlupheka kwakhe.

I-Dostoevsky ayikho ize izwakalise abalingiswa bayo abakhulu ngesipho sokubona imiphefumulo yabantu. Lesi sici sitshela abafundi ukuthi lezi zinhlamvu zingabona iqiniso lapho kungekho muntu ongakwazi ukukubona. Ngakho-ke ukukholelwa kwabo - abadingi ubufakazi bokukwazi iqiniso, okuwukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona.

I-Monologues ka-Alyosha ku-The Brothers Karamazov

Njengoba sithola ukuthi, u-Alexei uyinhloko ephakathi yenkaba, ngakho zonke izinkulumo zakhe nezimpikiswano zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni injongo kaDostoevsky. Umlingisi ukhokha kakhulu imibuzo yokukholwa nesimo sengqondo ekuphileni nokuthula. Into eyinhloko kuye uthando: "Konke kufanele kuqala kuqala impilo yokuthanda ... ukuthandana ne-logic kuqala." Lawa mazwi ukhuluma ngxabano no-Ivan. Lokhu kusho uthando olungokomoya, oluphakeme, hhayi lomzimba.

Enye inkulumo evelele mayelana nezingane, lapho ethi khona yizidalwa ezihlanzekile nezingenacala. Akuyona nje iphutha ukuthi leli qhawe lihlangene nabafundi besikole.

U-Alexey ungumlingisi kaDostoevsky uqobo lwakhe, ememezela izimiso nezinhloso zomlobi.

I-Divine Insight

"Abafowethu Karamazov" bavezwa njengenkcazelo yokuba ngokomoya kwe-Alexei. Ngakho-ke, isigaba esiqhakazile kakhulu seveli sinokukhanyiswa kweqhawe. Lokhu kwenzeka emva kokuba umbono kaNkulunkulu uphezu kuye.

Emva kwalokho, ushiya esitokisini sakhe, awela phansi amanga. Ngaleso sikhathi wazizwa ukuthi "izintambo zabo bonke onkulunkulu bezwe bahlangana ndawonye emphefumulweni wakhe," wayefuna ukuthethelela wonke umuntu futhi acele intethelelo kuye. U-Alexei uqonda "ukuvumelana kwezwe", lapho zonke iziqhawe zikaDostoevsky zifisa kangaka. Umlobi ngokwakhe ubiza ngokuthi "uAdamu omusha," ozwakalayo futhi ekhala, embanga uMama weMhlaba, engcolile ngokuwa kwakhe.

Amandla ka Karamazov ka-Alyosha ashintshwe abe oyingcwele. Uthola impendulo embuzweni othi "Ngingayithethelela kanjani ukufa kwengane", okuyinto u-Ivan ayihlukumeza kakhulu. Konke kulula - wonke umuntu uzoxolelwa emhlabeni ophelele.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okusha okuyingqayizivele akuguquli nje kuphela i hero, kodwa futhi nezwe elizungezile. In noveli, singabona kuphela ukuqala kwalokhu - u-Alexey wasungula "ubuzalwane bomuntu wonke" engcwabeni lika-Ilyusha, elibandakanya izingane kuphela. Ngokuphambene nezindlela zokuxhumana zomphakathi, umphakathi omusha wakhiwe othandweni nasenkululeko yomuntu siqu. Uthando oluqotho lomfana oshonile lwahlanganisa abangane bakhe futhi lwabeka isisekelo sobuzalwane babo.

Leveli, naphezu kokuthi uDmitry usolwa ngokubulala uyise, iphetha ngokunquma kokholo ovukweni.

A kancane mayelana nezinye izinhlamvu

Njengengxenye yokuqala yomjikelezo ocabanga ngoDostoevsky "Abazalwane Karamazov." Abalingiswa abayinhloko kwakudingeka bahambe endleleni yokuphelela okungokomoya noma ukuchitheka. Umbhali usikhombisa ukuvuselelwa kukaGrushinka no-Aleksey, njengoba sibona u-Ivan eshabalala ngobuhlanya futhi ekhetha indlela yokuzibulala uSmerdyakov. Kodwa isiphetho sikaDmitry asicaci ngokuphelele. Umbhali unikeza ithemba lokuguqulwa - i-catharsis yakhe kuyodingeka aphile enkonzweni yesigwebo.

Ikusasa lika-Alexei, uMitya noGrusha licacile kumfundi, ikusasa lika-Ivan kuphela elihlala lifihliwe. Ngakho-ke kwakungaziwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi u-Dostoevsky wayefuna yini ukunikeza hero yakhe ithuba lesibili noma ukubhujiswa kwakhe ekugcineni.

Yini eyayilindelwe u-Alexei engxenyeni yesibili

Ekuphetheni, ake sikhulume ngekusasa lomlingisi oyinhloko. Inkaba yesibili yayizoqala ngaleso sikhathi lapho u-Alexei eneminyaka engu-33 ubudala. Lesi sibalo siyasiqinisekisa ngokuthi uKaramazov, omncinyane, ungumlingiswa onjengoKristu. Uma uxhuma impilo yeqhawe ngemicimbi yevangeli, khona-ke incazelo yentsha yayo ingahlanganiswa nesilingo sokholo.

Njengoba uSuvorin, umngane womlobi, emibhalweni yakhe uthi uDostoevsky uhlele ukubulala u-Alesha. Ukuzama kweqiniso bekumele kuhanjiswe ku-scaffold ye-hero. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abagxeki abavumelana nalokhu futhi bakholelwa ukuthi amazwi amaningi alo mlobi akhiphe isiphetho esinjalo. Abahlaziyi besikhathi eside baphatha isithombe sika-Alyosha ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele, bathathwa yiziqhawe ezinjengeDmitri no-Ivan.

Noma kunjalo, isandulela sombhali wenveli sibeka konke endaweni yaso futhi sigcizelela ngokucacile iKaramazov, Jr. njengomlingisi oyinhloko.