U-Aristotle, Ifilosofi kafushane ecacile. eziyisisekelo

Aristotle - umfundi engcono kaPlato. Kodwa wakwazi ukuthola izincwadi ngaphansi iphiko uthisha omkhulu, futhi ukwakha uhlelo lwakhe zefilosofi. ifilosofi ka-Aristotle ngamafuphi futhi ngokucacile ubeka izimiso eziyisisekelo nokuba. Ayekufundisa ingahlukaniswa ibe izindikimba ezimbalwa ezinkulu.

logic

ekukhandlekeni kwakhe kufanele uyaziqhenya nefilosofi lasendulo. Aristotle esethula isigaba umqondo. Zonke ebona 10 izigaba - nemiqondo eyisisekelo ezidingekayo ngokuqondisisa. Indawo ekhethekile kulolu chungechunge kuthatha nomqondo okushiwo - yini lentfo ngempela.

Akukhona nje ngokuya izigaba, ungakha izitatimende. Ngamunye wabo uthola yayo modality ingozi, isidingo, kungenzeka noma engenakwenzeka. isitatimende True kungenzeka kuphela uma ihambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokucabanga okunengqondo.

Izitatimende, esikhundleni salokho, kuholele syllogisms - eziphethweni ezinengqondo kusukela izitatimende odlule. Ngakho, kusukela ayesevele aziwa, okuzelwe ulwazi olusha sizila yokucabanga enengqondo.

Metaphysics

Metaphysics - Philosophy, u-Aristotle, lapho umqondo kwaleso sifundvo lubuye essence yayo atehlukaniseki. Njalo into ine 4 izizathu.

1. Kunendaba uqobo.
2. Umqondo isihloko.
3. Amathuba kuthiwa, bafihliwe isihloko.
4. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi isenzo wendalo.

Matter uqobo ufuna uzimele e okushiwo isihloko, lesi sifiso Aristotle ngokuthi entelechy. amathuba Guqulela ngokoqobo isenzo. Ngokuhamba isenzo tiba ngephansi kakhudlwana futhi okuthuthukile. Lokhu ukuhamba ulwela ukuphelela, futhi ukuphelela unguNkulunkulu.

UNkulunkulu Njengombusi samuntu umbono sokuphelela ayikwazi zihunyushelwe zokuthile okungcono, + ngakho indima yayo kuphela ukucatshangelwa. Umkhathi sokugcwaliseka kwaso ivame ukuba eze eduze noNkulunkulu, njengoba kungekho enhle eyodwa. nguye ngingayinakile engenzi lutho, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abakwazi khona ngaphandle kulomhlaba, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye umbono.

physics

ifilosofi ka-Aristotle ngamafuphi futhi ngokucacile lichaza izwe. Isisekelo wonke kukhona izakhi bendabuko 4. zisekelwe kokuqhathanisa: ezomile - ezimanzi, efudumele - abandayo. izakhi Warm - umlilo futhi emoyeni. Warm silwele phezulu, namanzi futhi umhlaba - phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu ukunyakaza bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, zingabantu okuxubile ukwakha zonke izinto.

Aristotle wacabanga yonke heliocentric. Emhlabeni jikelele omise uphendukisa wonke amaplanethi futhi ilanga nenyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho wahlela izinkanyezi isilungisiwe. Basuke izidalwa eziphilayo, emi oda mkhulu kunomuntu. Konke lokhu lizungezwe sphere uyogcwala isici laphezulu - ether. Lokhu izethulo kohlelo zwe belilokhu kuyisinyathelo esikhulu phambili kuqhathaniswa ukubukwa amadala.

Imvelo kanye Soul

Zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni has a umphefumulo, kodwa lokho akusho lutho, njengoba sifuna uyithenga. ifilosofi ka-Aristotle ngamafuphi futhi abonisa ngokucacile zezinto eziphilayo eplanethini yethu. Yena wakhetha izinhlobo ezintathu imiphefumulo. Plant - leliphansi kakhulu, injongo yayo iwukuhlola amandla kuphela. Animal - umphefumulo esinemizwa, izilwane bayakwazi ukuzwa nokusabela nezwe elingaphandle. Human - oluphakeme kakhulu umphefumulo, kungenzeka emhlabathini. Umphefumulo ngeke kube khona kungekho umzimba impahla.

Ngokusekelwe umqondo ukuthuthukisa lonke izwe zemvelo, kakhulu, ivame ukuba bathuthele ezingeni elilandelayo. ubunjalo ezingaphili ivame ukuya izitshalo, uhlanyela isilwane, womuntu, indoda isilwane libe ngunkulunkulu. Lesi senzakalo kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi ukuphila siya okukhanya ihlukahluke. Kuyinto uhlobo kwemvelo umphefumulo ekuphishekeleni ubuhle. Ngakho, umphefumulo, ifinyelele eqophelweni eliphakeme, okuhlanganisiwe noNkulunkulu.

izimiso zokuhle

Ukwazi okulungile, hhayi ubuhle. U-Aristotle, Philosophy futhi abonisa ngokucacile kafushane indlela yokufinyelela ukuphelela. Izifiso ezinhle kungadalwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa umzimba eziningi ukuphindaphinda eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usizo kuyisenzo somusa phathelana uzibophezele bengazi.

Siyakwamukela - lokhu ukubusa ingqondo izinkanuko aphansi. Okubaluleke kakhulu - musa beqise. Pleasure akufanele babizwe ngokuthi izenzo ezimbi, nokuqaphela ukuziphatha.

The main value - buhle. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele azame konke kwenzeleni kahle umbuso. Ngesisekelo state umndeni. ikhanda lakhe kwesithathu indoda, kodwa owesifazane akufanele besaboshiwe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Izingane zinamalungelo okumbalwa, sibophekile ukuba silalele kukho konke intando yomkhaya.

Nakuba u-Aristotle wakhuluma okuningi ukubaluleka inkululeko, ubugqila, wacabanga esisemthethweni. Abantu Wild uwafake cishe ngendlela efanayo izilwane, abakwazi ukuthuthukisa izimfanelo. Futhi lezi zimfanelo ezinhle ingaqala izakhamuzi ngesiGreki, abakwazi ukusebenza emzimbeni.

Mayelana kwalokho, lokho kuyinto ifilosofi ka-Aristotle wabhala izincwadi eziningi. Kodwa, lawo ngamaphuzu ayinhloko kungenziwa ngokufingqiwe ngempela kafushane. Umbono wakhe emhlabeni kanye nemvelo, ngokugcwele cha sekwanele ngesikhathi sakhe, ngisho ngezindlela ezithile ayesekhulile.