Ukungaphili engqondweni - yisimo sengqondo ezibuhlungu. Isimo sokunquma ukuhlolwa. Isigaba 21 se-Criminal Code

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezifo zengqondo nzulu le ndaba yokungaziphathi ukungaphili engqondweni. Ingxenye yomhlaba engamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-90 ukuhlolwa forensic zengqondo aphathwa ngayo engaxazulula le nkinga.

Inkinga uhlanya - uhlanya

Imithetho alinikezi incazelo ingqondo. It phendla uhlanya kuphela. Noma kunjalo, it unikezwa ukuthi ahlangane nomuntu ofinyelele ebudaleni obuthile kuphela, kokuba izinga elithile ukuvuthwa kwengqondo nezingokwengqondo, wanikeza umbiko wale khomishana mayelana nezenzo ezithile futhi ubaqondisa, uyakwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe, bonisani ingqondo intando umthetho. Kuphela khona kwalezi zimpawu zingaba ukukhuluma mayelana ingqondo we yisakhamuzi.

Umqondo uhlanya

kodwa kukhona abantu abangakwazi ukugwema isijeziso kulabo ubugebengu.

Ukungaphili engqondweni - buhlungu nesimo sengqondo umsebenzi lapho umuntu akakwazi ukuhlola kahle futhi uphathe izenzo zabo nezenzo, futhi ukuze baziphendulele bemiphumela yato (Isigaba 21 se-Criminal Code.). Umuntu onjalo ngeke sezomthetho lobugebengu. Kukhona isimo esicishe sibe nesibopho elincane kungokwalabo kuphela inkathi ubugebengu, okungukuthi, it is engavimba isikhathi. Ukulahleka ukuqonda ngengozi isenzo, ukungakwazi ukuhlola futhi ulawule kubo kuvamile kubantu uphazamisekile emqondweni.

Hlaziya isimo sengqondo yomuntu futhi ukusungula formula uhlanya has udokotela kwesokudla, uchwepheshe olunzulo umphumela eziningana amasu ezikhethekile zokuxilonga. Ukwamukelwa abasolwa ubugebengu uyahlanya yilona lodwa akubona wenkantolo. Umuntu ikhomishana icala esimweni esangene kukhishelwa wabekwa esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa (Art. 21 we Criminal Code).

ngesisekelo uhlanya

Ungakhetha zindlela uhlanya ezifana:

• Medical (oyizalayo);
• zomthetho (ngokwengqondo).

ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha

ke Kuhlanganisa:

1. disorder Okungalapheki engqondo (bayasangana, isithuthwane sengqondo affective, ezingamahlalakhona sengqondo kokudumazeka) - libhekene iziyaluyalu okubuhlungu engqondo futhi izinguquko sengqondo emhlabeni uma eshiwo iziyaluyalu ukwazi, inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ezithinta, ukuziphatha, amakhono esibucayi.
2. Okwesikhashana isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Libhekisela anhlobonhlobo isifo ingqondo iziyaluyalu nokugula ngengqondo esethola, isibonelo, sengqondo esisheshayo, ukuze short-term thuthuva ukwazi (okukhethekile isimo - twilight izimo prosonochnye, njll ..). Bagqoka esifushane, ngokuvamile igcina ekululameni.
3. Dementia (retardation yengqondo izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinzima futhi komqondo). Lezi iinkhathi kumele kube chronic lesichubekako, ziyadingeka lungachazwa kuphula umthetho we-orientation, inkumbulo, ukuqonda, ikhono lokufunda disorder amandla ezibucayi.
4. Kungenjalo yisimo esibuhlungu - ubuntu sifo, infantilism, nabanye.

umbandela ngokomthetho

Libhekene angisizwanga kahle isisebenzi esiphendula imvelo yezenzo zakhe (yokungenzi) nangemiphumela engaba, kanye nokungakwazi ukulawula kubo. umbandela Legal kuhlanganisa tincenye letimbili:

1. Intellectual libhekene nokuqaphela izenzo zakhe, ukuqonda isimo okugcwele izisusa ukuziphatha kwabo siqu, okungukuthi, kuba ithuba ubunjalo yezenzo zabo baqonde zisho.

Ngokuvamile ukwenza icala, lowo okonile badideka ngobuqotho kungani wayezama okujezisa. Ngokwesibonelo, isakhamuzi weba ibhayisikili kusukela ibhayisikili yokupaka noma umnyango isakhiwo yokuhlala, wathi, ngibuyele.

2. Uphiko nginenhliziyo libhekisela ikhono lomunye umuntu ukuze uqondise izenzo zabo.

umbandela Volitional aphazamiseka kakhulu, isibonelo, abantu utshwala engaphansi, yezidakamizwa, kleptomania. Babonakala baqonde ukuthi bezilokhu zikhona okubi, kodwa ukwenza lokho ufisa ukuthi ngeke benze lutho.

Ukungaphili engqondweni - kuyinto kufanele uhambisane kokubili zindlela. Kungenjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuphuca isimo umuntu kusolwa.

Ukungasebenzi kahle hhayi ngaphandle ongaphilile engqondweni

Ngokuvamile kukhona amacala umshushisi lwabantu enesifo sengqondo, hhayi ngaphandle ongaphilile engqondweni (umthwalo sancipha). Ezimweni ezinjalo, isicelo Article 22 we Criminal Code. Lokhu kuyinsakavukela zomthetho isetshenziswa umthetho Russian kusukela 1997. Njengoba kunjalo, nsé isigaba umthwalo sancipha isicelo umthetho lobugebengu kwamanye amazwe angaphandle.

Isingeniso Lesi sihloko izonikeza ithuba ukucacisa kahle the state ngokwengqondo kwe lowo okonile ngesikhathi ubugebengu kungenzeka. Lesi sigaba abaqokelwe luhlolo forensic ezingokwengqondo zengqondo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ucubungula zindlela zokwelapha (khona ukugula ngengqondo esihlokweni), okubandakanya ezihlukahlukene nokugula ngengqondo futhi kwezinso kokuziphatha. Lokhu umbandela has izikhundla ezimbili - umthwalo nokungakwazi abaqapheli ngokugcwele futhi ulandela izenzo zabo futhi ukubikezela imiphumela yabo.

Abantu abanjalo kuyothathwa ngokuthi Sane futhi bakwazi ukubhekana namacala ngezenzo zakhe, kodwa ukungakwazi abaqapheli ngokugcwele futhi ulandela izenzo zabo futhi ukubikezela imiphumela yabo kungenzeka. Lokho, umuntu Sane, uyaqaphela ukuthi kwenzekani ukuthi lenzani, kodwa enesifo sengqondo (isib, ubuntu disorder), okuyinto ayikuvumeli ukuba uphathe ngokugcwele izenzo zabo.

Ngakho, inkantolo ngeke acabangele khona lokugula ngengqondo kubantu futhi batusa kuye observation ukwelashwa kwengqondo, uma kunesidingo, endaweni lapho kuzothunyelwa uyasijezisa.

Ubugebengu obenziwa ngenkathi didekile

Ungayididanisi langokuthunywa ubugebengu umuntu nge isifo sengqondo futhi umuntu odakwe utshwala noma izidakamizwa. Ukuphuza utshwala okwesikhashana kuphela kukhawulela intando nomsebenzi engqondo lomuntu (ngaphandle ukudakwa sokugembula). Ngakho-ke, yalesi sizathu ngeke base ukuthambisa at kwesigwebo sakhe ukuthi ngokucacile kuhlinzekwe umthetho.

abaphuli engamahlongandlebe

Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenani izingane enze ngubani ubugebengu. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane iminyaka engu-15 wenze icala. luhlolo ezingokwengqondo zengqondo forensic kwenziwa ukusungula ukuthi ukugula kwengqondo akusho ahlupheke. Nokho, ingane lags ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni, ongakaphathelani abagula ngokomqondo.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, umuntu ngeke babekwe icala ngoba wahluleka bekuqonda ngokugcwele izenzo zabo nemiphumela yabo. Isikhathi esining impela zisale sokukhula kwengqondo is axhunyiwe hhayi kuphela kuthuthwe ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo noma ezithathelwanayo izifo ngaphambili ezinzima, izici begazi nokuvuthwa wengane (ngofuzo zofuzo nezici ezithile zokugula kohlelo endocrine, njll), kodwa futhi izici zezenhlalo (izimo zokuphila ezingezinhle futhi ekhuliswe, psyche kuhlasimulise isimo umndeni) . Lezi zingane abangazange okwamanje kwakhiwa izici nginenhliziyo kanye nekhono ukuhlola ngokuhlolisisa isimo. Basebenzisa test psyche, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko ungenisa ukunakekela khona lokugula ngengqondo, futhi ikakhulukazi kumiswa ubuntu.

Ngakho, inqubo lag e kwengqondo kungaba:

• Izinga eliphansi bokusungula;
• yokungavuthwa sengqondo;
• yokungavuthwa sakhe ngekwemiva netenhlalo;
• nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokungafanele;
• uhlamvu nzima;
• maximalism izifiso;
• isifiso sokuziphakamisa-ukugomela;
• infantilism nabanye.

Nasi isibonelo: Osemusha engu-15, usolwa ngokweba iqembu labantu. Ucwaningo lwenziwe, uvivinye psyche, bese kuba sobala ukuthi ngokugcwele wayeqonda ubunjalo izenzo ezenziwa kubo wahluleka, ngoba ngemva ebuntwaneni waqala zisale ngemuva kakhulu ekuthuthukeni ukulimala ekhanda, yabonisa yokungavuthwa uhlamvu, wayithanda ukubukela opopayi, ukuxhumana nezingane, encane kuka yobudala uqobo. ukuthuthukiswa yakhe ngokwengqondo ingane kuhambisana iminyaka eyishumi nanye. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, inkantolo ithole ukuthi ummangalelwa uhlanya ngobudala.

Forensic ngihlolwa ingqondo

Ukungaphili engqondweni - kuyindaba okuzomele isinqunyiwe yinkantolo ngesisekelo esiphethweni ka kokwahlulela-zengqondo, esiqhutshwa kwengqondo noma ikhomishana odokotela, izazi-forensic ngesisekelo ngesinqumo umphenyi noma isinqumo senkantolo.

Ukuhlola Izinqubo

Phakathi luhlolo ihlola:

• the state ngokwengqondo zesifundo;
• ikhono bona okushiwo isihloko futhi ingozi yezenzo zakhe, kanye nemiphumela yabo kungenzeka;
• isidingo umuntu ukwelashwa okungalindelekile;
• imibuzo wekhono nenqubo, ikhono iqhaza futhi ukunikeza ubufakazi enkantolo nabanye.

inkuthalo

Uma kudingekile, lolu cwaningo kunazo olunzulu ubuntu eziyinkimbinkimbi luhlolo ezingokwengqondo zengqondo ingase yabelwe.

Ngokusho imiphumela inhlolovo, isinqumo ngesimo umuntu. Inkantolo siyakuba sinikele kwesinqumo, kucatshangelwa umbono wezazi, kodwa isiphetho uqobo kuphela izincomo.

Kufinyeta

1. Ukungaphili engqondweni - isimo ngeke zivimbele umuntu kunoma ikuphi ukubophezeleka. Uyisisekelo ukudluliselwa ummangalelwa.
2. Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe uhlanya kusekelwe zindlela ezimbili: Medical begazi.
3. umthwalo sancipha kusho ukuthi umuntu ongaphilile engqondweni, kodwa ngesikhathi icala kwaba isifo oluvimbela examinee ukuqonda ngokuphelele futhi uqondise izenzo zabo.
4. Ukuba khona retardation engqondo, okuyinto ongakaphathelani lokugula ngengqondo, kungabangela ukukhishwa of icala phambi komthetho futhi kufanele izinkantolo.
5. Sanity no ubuhlanya - imiqondo zomthetho, ngakho ukuqaphela umuntu kahle ngengqondo kungaba enkantolo.
6. Isiphetho luhlolo forensic zengqondo sokweluleka emvelweni, futhi inkantolo kufanele wenze isinqumo ngokubona kwayo.

Ukuqaphela umthwalo emphakathini, namajaji inikezwa lokhu isimo ngokucophelela okukhulu futhi ngesisekelo ucwaningo ngokucophelela, hhayi ukuthi ukwesula amacala izigebengu abazishaya abantu uphazamisekile emqondweni.