Ukuphenya komsindo. Memeza izingoma zokulinganisa

Imisindo iyasizungezile yonke indawo - kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile abantu banamuhla bangakwazi ukuzicabangela ngokuphelele. Kulesi sixhumanisi, inani lokulawulwa kwemingcele yemisindo landa. Endaweni yokusebenzela, isibonelo, izidingo ezikhethekile zenziwa ngenhlangano yezimo zokusebenza. Uhlu lwezidingo ezinjalo lufaka phakathi imingcele enhle yomthelela omuhle. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lwezomsindo lungadingeka kwezinye izimo - esikhungweni sezokwelapha, ezindaweni zomphakathi futhi, eqinisweni, ekhaya. Ngalolu hlelo sebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile - amamitha wezinga elizwakalayo. Kodwa okokuqala kufanele ubhekane nesimo somsindo.

Imithombo yomsindo

Iningi lemithombo yomsindo wemizi yasungulwa yi-anthropogenic sound generators. Isibonelo, ukuthutha komgwaqo, ukugeleza kwemoya okudlula phakathi kwezakhiwo, izinsimbi zobunjiniyela, njll. Ngokuvamile, izimbangela zomsindo walolu hlobo zimbi, ngoba zilawulwa yizikhathi eziphansi, kanye nokushintsha kwezinto ezishayisayo ezitholakala kuwo wonke umbala. Lokhu kungagwetshwa ikakhulukazi ngemisebenzi yamabhizinisi ezimboni kanye nemishini yokuxhumana.

Yiqiniso, okuhle kakhulu, ngokuvumelana nama-acoustics, isimo sigubha ngaphandle kwedolobha. Kulesi simo, imvelo ngokwayo ingumthombo. Enye yezinto ezithokozisa kakhulu nokuphumuza umsindo wezilwandle, ovezwe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi wachaza ukushintshashintsha. Umsindo ophansi futhi odelayo udala isigqi somhlaba esiyingqayizivele nesikhangayo, okwenza ukuba kuqinisekiswe isimiso sezinzwa.

Amadivayisi wedivayisi

Emakethe yanamuhla yamamitha wezinga elizwakalayo, izinsimbi zomculo zithandwa namhlanje. Zinezilinganiso ezincane nezindlu eziphambili zepulasitiki, ezihambisana nemakrofoni - noma kunjalo, lesi sici singahlanganiswa ngaphakathi kwedivayisi. Idivayisi nayo ihlanganisa i-amplifier, izakhi zokuhlunga, inkomba nomtshina. Empeleni, indlebe yomuntu inezici eziningi ezifanayo ngokusebenza. Kanti, inqubo ekhethekile ivumela ukwenza ucwaningo lomsindo ngokulungisa imingcele eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izihlungi zibamba imisindo ngezikhathi ezihlukene, futhi ulwazi mayelana nezilinganiso ezithathwe lubonakala ezikrinini ezise-decibel. Ngokuqondene nokunikezwa kwamandla, amamitha amaningi wezinga elizwakalayo anikwe ibhethri, ukukhokha okungahlukahluka emahoreni angu-50 kuya kwangu-70.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Ngokuqondene nesimiso sokusebenza, kulokhu kufaneleka kakhulu ukuqhathanisa idivayisi nomakrofoni. Umehluko omkhulu kuyoba ukuthi imitha yezinga elizwakalayo ixhumana ngesikhathi sokulinganisa nge-voltmeter, ilandelwe kwiziqu ze-decibel. Njengoba isibonakaliso sokugeleza kagesi emkhatsini wemakrofoni kufana nomsindo wokuqala, ukungezwa ezingeni lokucindezela kwe-acoustic okwenza uketshezi kuzokwenza ukwanda okufanayo emotweni uma ungena ku-voltmeter. Kulesi simiso, isilinganiso somsindo sakhiwe, izinkomba zazo ezibonakalayo ekubonisweni. Ukwenza izilinganiso zezinkomba zokucindezela umsindo, isignali idluliswa ngezihlungi ezikhethekile - lokhu kwenziwa uma sisendleleni esuka kumakrofoni kuya ku-voltmeter.

Njengoba ikhono lendlebe yokubona umsindo liqondiswa hhayi kuphela ngezici zamaningi womsindo, kodwa futhi ngamandla alo, izinhlobo eziningana zezici zokuhlunga zihlinzeka ngezinsimbi. Ukukhethwa kwedivaysi ethile kuxhomeke ezimeni zomsindo ovumelekile kwisayithi yokulinganisa. Izihlungi zenza kube lula ukulinganisa i-amplitude-frequency spectrum ngaphansi kwezimo zomsindo onikeziwe womsindo.

Izici zobuchwepheshe nezokusebenza

Abakhiqizi balwela ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezenzelwe ukulinganiswa kwevolumu, nezixhobo zokulinganisa jikelele. Noma kunjalo, izinga levolumu lihlala linye yezici ezisemqoka cishe cishe wonke amamitha wezinga elizwakalayo - le nkomba iyahlukahluka kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-130 dB. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela isici esisodwa samamitha womsindo. Amanye amamodeli, uma esebenza ezimweni lapho umsindo ozwakala khona udlula ibha yokulinganisa, ungenzi ucwaningo ngomsindo nhlobo ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwamakhono abo. Isici esilandelayo yilona ukunemba kwezilinganiso. Le mfanelo inqunywa ngephutha, okungaba kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-1.5 dB. Ngakho-ke, okuncane ukuphambuka kokulinganisa kwemitha yezinga lokuzwakala, kuphakama ukunemba kwalo. Ukusebenza kwezinsimbi kungathonywa umbuso wokushisa. Isibonelo, uma ucacisa ibanga kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-40 ° C, umshini ungasetshenziswa endaweni evulekile.

Abakhiqizi

Emakethe ungathola amadivaysi avela kokubili abakhiqizi abakhethekayo bemishini yokulinganisa kanye nemikhiqizo evela emakhiweni wokwakha owaziwayo. Isigaba sokuqala yisimodeli se-Testo, esingathiwa engcono kakhulu ekilasini. Zibonakala ngebala elibanzi lemvamisa, amabhethri anekhono kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu semilinganiselo kuma-decibel. Noma kunjalo, amadivaysi alo mkhiqizo ayabiza kakhulu - aphakathi kwama-ruble angu-20 kuya ku-30 ayizinkulungwane. Uma uhlela ukutadisha umsindo ekhaya, ungabheka imikhiqizo ye-Geo-Fennel ne-ADA. Okokuqala, amamodeli alabo abakhiqizi abanikeza ngokunemba kahle kwesilinganiso, futhi okwesibili, atholakala ngentengo - ngokwesilinganiso amadivaysi anjalo abiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3-4.

Ukubuyekeza mayelana namamitha wezinga lomsindo

Abasebenzisi baqaphele ukulula kwamamitha wezinga eliphezulu le-digital. Abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza amadivaysi anemizimba ye-ergonomic, kanye nezikrini ezifundisayo, ezenza zithuthukise emsebenzini. Ukungaphumeleli kwamadivayisi amaningi alolu hlobo kufakwa ngabanikazi ngesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza seshaja kanye namaphutha amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuphawula okugcina ngezindlela eziningi kuncike ekutheni imithombo yomsindo ihlolwe kanjani. Ngaphezu kokusebenza okusheshayo, kubuye kunconywa ukuba unake ikhono ledivayisi ukusebenza ezimweni zangaphandle ezibucayi. Ukuba khona komzimba okumelana nemithonya yemishini kanye nomswakama kubhekwa njengokungathi kunenzuzo.

Isiphetho

Ngisho nokucabangela ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje, abathuthukisi bokuhlola ubuchwepheshe abakwazi ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga ezihlotshaniswa nokunquma imingcele yemisindo. Kodwa-ke, ngoba iningi labasebenzisi abatholakalayo abakwanele. Isibonelo, umsindo wolwandle unikeza ukuguquguquka kwemvamisa ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-31 kuya ku-20,000 Hz. Ukumboza lo mdlalo namuhla, akulula ukuthola idivayisi kusuka engxenyeni ephakathi. Okunye okuwukuthi imisebenzi yemisebenzi ekhethekile kakhulu, imishini ingadingeka nje kuphela ngezigaba ezisezingeni eliphansi zokusebenza kwemingcele, kodwa futhi nangendlela yokwenza imisebenzi yokulinganisa eyengeziwe.