Ukusabela eyohlobo.

Njengoba yaziwa, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuguquka into ngokuvamile okuthiwa umthombo kwenye, okuzokwenza zihluke it has a ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo. Esimweni sokuqala sikhulume we reactants, kanti eyesibili - imikhiqizo ukuphendula. It is ukuba wonke umuntu aphume Yiqiniso esikoleni i-chemistry ezaziwayo. Futhi yebo yokuthi ngesikhathi ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela ayishintshi ukubunjwa izakhi zamakhemikhali, kulesi simo, kuphela ukusatshalaliswa nuclei futhi electron, kuphumele amakhemikhali amasha akhiwa esikoleni i-chemistry ezaziwayo.

Zonke zamakhemikhali kungenziwa yizigaba. Kufanele kuqala otmetitt ukusabela eyohlobo. Lezi ukusabela ukuthi kwenzeke isigaba esisodwa. ukusabela eyohlobo, izibonelo zazo atholakala kalula kunoma isiphi ebhukwinitifundvo kwemithi, kusho ukugeleza ukusabela homolytic ahlukahlukene libhekene noqhekeko zishintshe zibe radicals, esikhundleni nokuqeda, rearrangement, kanjalonjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyenzeka njengoba umthetho esigabeni ketshezi. Speed ukuphendula eyohlobo uma yokuthi liphansi izinga ahlale njalo kuzoncika umthetho isinyathelo mass. ukusabela eyohlobo ezenzeka phakathi reactants, okuyinto ekuqaleni kukhona ngezigaba ezahlukene, kuba nokwenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi ukwanda okusheshayo kuzokwenzeka phakathi kwazo. Khona-ke izinga yokusabela kuzokhulisa kakhulu. Uma nokuhanjiswa kwe- izinto kokuqala kuyoba kancane, ukusabela eyohlobo kakhulu kuzokwenzeka ekusebenzisaneni phakathi isigaba okusheshayo. Zonke izici zindlela zokusabela netindlela zabo kuzoncika izimo lapho reactants uyothatha isinyathelo.

Izinga wokusabela kuzoncika ezintweni eziningana, njenge: ubunjalo izinto esisheshayo, ingqondo, izinga lokushisa lapho ukusabela kwenzeka, futhi khona kulethe ethile kuwo. Kuyasiza ukusabela ukuqhubeka ngesilinganiso ngokushesha futhi kusebenze amandla aphansi. Ngokuqondene lokuhlushwa izinto, kuyacaca ukuthi izinto ezingaphezu ungene ukusabela, cishe abanye bayothambekela nakakhulu zishayisane futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuzokhuphula izinga yokusabela.

Isibonelo esivelele uhlelo eyohlobo kungaba yisiphi inhlanganisela amagesi. Zonke amagesi ashisa isigqugquzeli kuyoba in inqwaba ukuncibilikisa nomunye. Lokhu kusebenza futhi inhlanganisela nitrogen ne-oxygen. Omunye kungaba zilandise esinye isibonelo esibonisa ukuthi ukusabela eyohlobo ezinjalo. Lokhu akulutho, njengenhlangano isixazululo aqueous equkethe i-sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, nitrogen ne-oxygen. Uhlelo ugijima Kulokhu Isigaba eyodwa kuphela. Nokho, uma ukusabela okuphuma ohlelweni eyohlobo, kuthatha phezu wawuqeda wonke lo mqulu. Uma, yithi, nkinga, futhi ibangele isixazululo sulfuric acid kanye sodium thiosulfate ufasimbe kuzokwenzeka. Kuzokwenzeka ngenxa sulphur ukuthi livela lonke ivolumu yesixazululo.

Phakathi yokusabela ethile eyohlobo ethile ukushisa ekhiqizwa. Ukushisa wokusabela kuzoncika izamba reagents ekusabeleni kuthathwe nokusuka imiphi imikhiqizo etholwe ukusabela. Umbuzo uwukuthi, fast kanjani luyoqhubeka ukuphendula eyohlobo kuzoya kakhulu ngokuthi yikuphi nenani lesikhathi kuthatha. Ukucacisa ezihilelekile lonke isayensi. Ibizwa ngokuthi "kinetics". Into ebaluleke kakhulu kuba postulate ukuthi okuvela a ukusabela molecule iqhaza kuwo, kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuxhumana nomunye. Nokho, akuzona zonke ukuxhumana okunjalo kungase kubangele ukuba ukusabela zamakhemikhali. ukusabela eyohlobo - kuphela labo lapho ukugeleza wetted izinhlayiya kuyodingeka inqolobane amandla, okuzokwenza ledlula inani embundwini.