Ulimi kanye nomphakathi - kungani lokhu ubuhlobo kubaluleke kangaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe abantu

i isiyalo esinjalo ezithakazelisayo njengoba sociolinguistics, muva basungula uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Nanguya ukuxhumana kwamanye amagatsha ka kolimi. Ngokwesibonelo, ulimi yezilimi umphakathi awukudla eyala eziningana okhonzile: psycholinguistics futhi ethnolinguistics. Sociolinguistics igxile ubudlelwane obuncane phakathi inkulumo yomuntu kanye nomphakathi.

Khona-ke, kungase kube phakathi noma iyiphi yalezi zici ezibhekwa Ubuhlobo? Nerazyvno ulimi nasemphakathini ezixhunyiwe. Sivame ukhulume inkulumo kanye nasemphakathini uma tiyasebentisana, kodwa empeleni isimo sengqondo sokuba nethonya. Umphakathi ngokusobala angaba khona ngaphandle ulimi, njengoba kufakazelwa, isibonelo, intuthwane labantu, izinyosi, izinkawu. Nokho, lo mkhuba reverse awuzange waphawula. Ulimi kanye nomphakathi ngenxa nomunye: kusobala ukuthi owokuqala ngeke kube khona kungekho lakamuva. Futhi umsuka kolimi kanye ukwehluka, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene-mbono, eziningi zazo azizange ukuma siqinile isikhathi abakabutholi ubufakazi besayensi. Lawa theory zenkolo noma imfundiso yokuziphendukela mezhdometnyh. Okunye izici ezibalulekile ekutadisheni izinkinga of "ulimi futhi umphakathi" kukhona babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo yokukhuluma, umgomo wezilimi, KuFundZa, ukusebenza emiphakathini ngezilimi eziningi, ulimi ukuguqulwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, ukusebenza inkulumo izitayela. Kukhethwa ngendlela ethile yokuveza imizwa kanye nemicabango yabo okubangelwa isimo sezenhlalo isimo yokuxhumana. Ekhuluma nezikhulu, ecela isikhungo, sibophekile ukusebenzisa isitayela olusemthethweni-ibhizinisi lapho bonke ukwakha kungenzeka objectified futhi depersonalized, okuyinto ayivunyelwe silulumagama loluvusa imiva zomuntu. Uma sizama ukufinyelela inhliziyo ikhanda e besenze nesitayela esifanako, lapho sibhala, bathi, imiyalezo intombi, yebo, noma ngisho nje "kuwe", akunakwenzeka imisebenzi yethu sizoqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe.
Uma sibhala isicelo, uhlu lwezikhalazo, isitifiketi noma isifinyezo evesini, esimweni engcono, behleka kithi, futhi incwadi sinqatshiwe kanye ayoshaywa indiva, ngoba "ngakho lokubhala kungamukelwa." Ngakho, isimo yokuxhumana kubangela ukukhethwa ezithile izinsiza zolimi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi kanye umphakathi ube ubudlelwane obuncane ezithile namadlelo professional, ubuhlanga, futhi indawo. Uma sociolect (i Ngokwesibonelo, ijagoni iziboshwa noma program argot) cabanga kuqala kunazo zonke nesilulumagama eqenjini elithile kwezenhlalo noma professional zabantu, izifundo dialectology umbuzo kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa imingcele indawo.

Ngo isiRashiya kukhona enyakatho, sigodzi eningizimu, ezilimini Urals. Kweziningi ezinye izilimi, kukhona eminye tandziso, ngezinye izikhathi sihluke kakhulu "ulimi tetemibhalo". Ethnolinguistics Ngokuqondene ulimi futhi umphakathi ngokuya ukwehluka yobuhlanga. Kuyinto kule ndawo wesayensi yezilimi amadili nge izinkinga "Ukuze ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke" futhi conjugated ngemibuzo yakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza "kwakheka isifanakalo" noma Creole tandziso ezisuka kusukela ukugaya ezinkulu kwamaqembu ezinhlanga ulimi bolunye ku "lula" futhi ifomu uhlanekezelwe.

Futhi lisho izinkinga ethnolinguistics futhi indima ulimi emphakathini, okuyinto libhekene heterogeneity kazwelonke. Kulesi sikhathi samanje lapho kuhlangana ngokuya kakhulu kwamaqembu ezinhlanga ekudalweni bakhuthele imishado kanye nemindeni inter-yobuhlanga ziqokonyiswe, futhi inkinga KuFundZa. amazwe aseYurophu ozama ezingeni wombuso ukusekela kokwehluka kwezilimi, phakathi kokunye, ukuthuthukisa ezingavamile futhi izilimi ezisengcupheni. Ngokwesibonelo, ePoland, singakwazi ukufunda futhi ukuthatha ukuhlolwa njengoba kamatikuletsheni Kashubian limi, kwasenza saba ishicilela izincwadi kanye nakomagazini. EJalimane, ukusekela ukutadisha Upper Sorbian ulimi Spain - Catalan.

Kahle kahle, Inqubomgomo yolimi uthi futhi izinhlangano zabo (isib European Union) kufanele ezisekelwe ezimpawini ezinemigomo idatha zolimi lapho sibhekene nezinkinga of "ulimi nomphakathi", lokho lapho kungaba engachemile nelungile yeningi. Izibonelo ukucindezelwa ubuzwe, ungubani yamasiko umlando ugcwele. Lokhu ukunqunywa ngempoqo isiRashiya, isibonelo, Poland zangenkathi czarist, kanye German - ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Noma yimuphi ukuvinjelwa ngokusetshenziswa kolimi umama umbhikisho siqine kakhulu labantu, eyagcina kuholela izinxushunxushu kwezenhlalo, wavukela, ukuketula uhulumeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inkululeko nentuthuko yomuntu esikweni lesizwe, okuyinto buhlobene eduze ngomlomo, kuqinisa umgomo wentando yeningi kanye kuqiniswa.