Umlando ukuphathwa wacabanga futhi lasungulwa

Control okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi umsebenzi elenza isixuku angahlelekile - ugxile, ephumelelayo futhi ithimba elikhiqizayo. Iphinde uba isici emnandi ngoba ushintsho kwezenhlalo futhi ushintsho oluphawulekayo. ukuphathwa imikhuba kwaqala endulo, ukuze kunobufakazi (ukwakhiwa kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe waseGibhithe, izinhlangano zezombusazwe eRoma futhi eMacedonia), ngakho singaphetha ngokuthi umlando ukuphathwa ukucabanga lusekelwe ngokujulile esikhathini esidlule.

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19 leminyaka, akekho owacabanga mayelana nendlela yokuphatha, njengoba isayensi ahlukene kanye nohlelo lwayo, zonke mali namandla. Kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu Robert Owen waqala ukusingatha izimpokophelo ibhizinisi ngosizo abasebenzi. Ithuthukisa ngezimo ezimbi abasebenza kuzo, ukuhlinzeka izindlu ezinhle, kwenza inkokhelo eyengeziwe emsebenzini izinga, base beba ethanda khona impahla. Lezi imibono babe ukufohla eyingqayizivele Komuntu futhi indima umholi. Ngakho, umlando ukuphathwa ukucabanga wenza isinyathelo esisodwa phambili.

Esikhathini esizayo, uFrederick Taylor wanyathelisa incwadi kumigomo ukuphathwa yesayensi, kubhekwa ekuqaleni ukuqashelwa nesizungu endaweni ehlukile ye ukuphathwa ucwaningo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umlando ukuphathwa wacabanga nakakhulu ukuthi ukuphathwa kungaba ngokuphawulekayo nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kanye impumelelo amabhizinisi. Impumelelo Its wawuncike ngempumelelo kwezinye izindawo, ezifana Psychology, izibalo, wesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye nabanye. Ulwazi kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini kukhona nenqubo ukuhlola ukuphathwa izindlela.

Nakuba umlando ukuphathwa ukucabanga waba izindlela ezimbalwa kakhulu abathintekayo ukuthuthukiswa yayo eminye theory kanye umkhuba. Izindlela izikole ezahlukene ekuphathweni equkethwe ezicini ezine ezahlukene: the yesayensi ukuphathwa kwesikole, ngokuya ebuhlotsheni babantu wesayensi yokuziphatha, ukuphathwa ukuzifinyelela, futhi izindlela ambalwa.

Ekuqaphela umthelela amabutho angaphandle on imisebenzi izinhlangano, abacwaningi benza nezinye izindlela. Umlando ukuphathwa ukucabanga, liqhubekela phambili, uthola ukubonakaliswa kwayo kuqala indlela leluhlelo, okuyinto ubona njengoba uchungechunge ezihlobene nokuphathwa kwemisebenzi. Khona-ke, e indlela ehlelekile, eveza ukunakwa wabaholi wale nhlangano - iqoqo izakhi esihlobene (abantu, izinjongo, ubuchwepheshe, njll), okuyinto ukuhambisa bebheke etinhlosweni futhi kuncike ezishintshashintshayo zendawo eziphila kuyo. Futhi indlela isimo, egxile yokuthi izindlela ukulawula Kufanele sizimisele esekelwe isimo.

Ngaleso sikhathi samanje, ukuthuthukiswa ukuphathwa ukucabanga ifinyelele Amathrendi, amasu kanye namandla. Ukuphathwa kuyintfo lechubekako umkhiqizo imvelo, kanye nomqondo ukuphathwa aqale ukunaka kwabo isici womuntu, izixazululo zenhlangano kanye methodological izindaba.