Uqwanga izicubu: Umsebenzi takhi izici

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ngisho abasubathi isesimeni esihle ngokomzimba kweminyaka kuqhathaniswa ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile baphume ukuqeqeshwa ngenxa yokulimala. Ingxenye enkulu yezinkinga zabo - umsipha. Ingxenye umpofu wabo - uqwanga. Umsebenzi amalunga ezilimele, kuvela, ingabuyiswa, uma isikhathi sinake inkinga futhi ukudala izimo ezifanele for ekwelapheni kanye ukukhishwa amaseli.

Izicubu emzimbeni womuntu

Umzimba womuntu - kuyinto kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi nezimo uyakwazi ukuzithiba. Siqukethe isakhiwo ehlukene, nemisebenzi amaseli. Bona kwenzeke umzimba basal. Kanye izakhiwo okungezona yeselula, amunye, nezicubu: EPITHELIAL, imisipha, kwenzwa zezinzwa.

amaseli EPITHELIAL yisisekelo isikhumba. Zindlala izimbotshana yangaphakathi (besisu, thoracic, engenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, ipheshana emathunjini). Imisipha izicubu ivumela umuntu ukuhambisa. futhi ihamba imvelo yangaphakathi zonke kwezitho izinhlelo. Ezicutshini selihlukene laba izinhlobo: bushelelezi (udonga besisu emizimbeni nokuvaleka kwemithambo), inhliziyo, lwamathambo (striated). izicubu Nervous okuhambisa amaza emiyalezweni yobuchopho. Amanye amaseli ezithile zikwazi ukuhluma futhi ezala, ezinye zazo bayakwazi sikhiqize.

ezicutshini kuyinto imvelo umzimba kwangaphakathi. Kuyinto ezahlukene isakhiwo, isakhiwo kanye izakhiwo. Siqukethe amathambo okunamandla skeleton, amafutha ongama, uketshezi, igazi lymph. Ukuze-ke kuyasebenza uqwanga. Umsebenzi wayo - obumba, ukwehla, ukutjhejwa nokusekela. Bonke zidlala indima ebalulekile futhi kudingekile, kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba.

Uqwanga izicubu: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

isici Sici Its - the Looseness elungiselelweni amaseli. Ukwelapha ngazinye, ungabona kanjani they ngokucacile bahlukana. Inqwaba phakathi kwabo imele ketshezi intercellular - matrix. Futhi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene cartilages wawubumba is kuka uthishanhloko izidakamizwa amorphous Imicu yotshani ezahlukene (nokunwebeka kanye kuyi-collagen). Nakuba abazaba umsuka ezivamile amaprotheni, kodwa kuhluke izakhiwo zabo futhi kuye ukuthi imisebenzi ehlukene.

Wonke amathambo akhe umzimba kumiswa uqwanga. Kodwa nge okwandisa intercellular izidakamizwa zinhlayiya ezigcwele nosawoti (ikakhulukazi calcium). Njengoba ithambo amandla yi abeyizuzile futhi babe yingxenye skeleton. Uqwanga futhi enze imisebenzi. Ngo yomgogodla, ngokuba phakathi izingxenye, zibona umthwalo njalo (static futhi ashukumisayo). Tindlebe, imphumulo, kuqhoqhoqho, bronchi - kulezo izingxenye Indwangu udlala indima okwakhayo ngaphezulu.

Ukukhula kanye uqwanga umsoco abazenzi ngokusebenzisa perichondrium. Uyingxenye esiyisibopho Indwangu, ngaphandle kwamalunga. Zikhona phakathi evele bezihlikihla, uketshezi lwamalunga. Ugeza, Athambisa futhi uyasondla kubo, kususa imikhiqizo umzimba.

isakhiwo

I kancane amaseli uqwanga uyakwazi ukuhlukana, futhi isikhala esiningi elibazungezile egcwele ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo ketshezi amaprotheni. Ngenxa izici ezinjalo izinqubo ukuvuselelwa ngokuvamile kukhona ngokunembile kuleli matrix.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-kwezicubu amaseli: hodnrotsity (abavuthiwe) kanye chondroblasts (abasha). Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu, indawo kanye indlela ilungiselelo. Chondrocytes abe ukuma oyindilinga, futhi makhulu. Ahlelwe ngazimbili noma amaqembu amaseli abafika kwabangu-10. Chondroblasts futhi ngokuvamile ezincane izicubu at azungeze noma singly.

Esikhathini cytoplasm kwamaseli ngaphansi igobolondo aqoqana amanzi, kukhona inclusions ka glycogen. Umoya-mpilo nezakhi ukungena amaseli diffusely. Kukhona kufika zamagama collagen futhi mithambo ine-elastin. Ziyakwazi ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ngempahla intercellular. Kusukela ngokucacile kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho yiluphi uhlobo kuba uqwanga. Izici isakhiwo kanye laryngeal umsebenzi zihlukile kusukela disc intervertebral, kubandakanya okuqukethwe kuyi-collagen. I izindlebe, oqwangeni ekhaleni-matrix extracellular yakhiwa 30% mithambo ine-elastin.

izinhlobo

Njengoba uqwanga libhekwa? Umsebenzi wayo incike predominance kuleli matrix imicu eqondile. Uma ku ketshezi intercellular ezingaphezu kuka mithambo ine-elastin, uqwanga kuyinto pliable ngaphezulu. Kuyinto cishe njengoba eqinile, kodwa izinyanda imicu kuwo ohlabayo. Basuke ukumelana kahle umthwalo, hhayi nje ngobe kokucindezelwa kodwa okubangela ukungezwani, uyakwazi ukusonteka ngaphandle kwemiphumela ezibucayi. Lezi cartilages abizwa ngokuthi nokunwebeka. ifomu izicubu Umphimbo wabo, izindlebe, ikhala.

Uma matrix emhlabeni amaseli nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu collagen isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwakha polypeptide ngamaketanga, ukuze ngokuthi hyaline uqwanga. Wayevame ihlanganisa evele engaphakathi amalunga omzimba. Inani enkulu ye-collagen bagxila ezonini ebusweni. Udlala indima isidumbu. I izinyanda fibre therein ikhipha zifane ngakuthathu athandeleke inethiwekhi Kuvunguza ukuma.

Kukhona elinye iqembu: lunemicu noma uqwanga fibrous. Ziyakwazi hyaline futhi aqukethe isamba esikhulu lomcebo intercellular collagen, kodwa likwazi isakhiwo ekhethekile. Amaqoqo imicu ungenalo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi zitholakala kanye eksisi imithwalo enkulu. Bona makhula, abe namandla ngokukhethekile compressive, abampofu abuyiselwe uma uhlobo. Kule ndwangu kwakhiwa akwazi ukugcina intervertebral, beka ngokuhlanganyela umsipha lamathambo.

imisebenzi

Ngenxa anezakhi ezikhethekile biomechanical cartilage izicubu ilungele ngibopha izingxenye uhlelo zemisipha. It uyakwazi ukuthatha nomphumela eqine futhi kokucindezelwa amabutho ngesikhathi ukunyakaza, nombala usabalalise umthwalo ngezinga elithile ukuncela noma ukudamba.

Uqwanga ifomu nemihuzuko ebusweni ukumelana. Ngokuhlanganyela lwamalunga uketshezi emalungeni ezifana ne umthwalo umthamo isikhathi eside kungaba kahle imisebenzi yayo.

Imisipha - ukuthi akusi uqwanga. Futhi umsebenzi ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi kwezinga jikelele system of zemisipha uhlelo. Baphinde ziqukethe izinyanda ka collagen ethandele, kodwa isakhiwo zabo kanye nezinye imvelaphi. Uqwanga kwekhala, ipheshana zokuphefumula, nezindlebe ngaphandle ukuthi enze ekubumbeni nemisebenzi ukusekela ayindawo athambile izicubu okunamathiselwe. Kodwa ngokungafani imisipha imisipha eduze kwabo akudingeki umthwalo ongako.

anezakhi ezikhethekile

Uqwanga nokunwebeka kuyinto izitsha ezincane kakhulu. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba umthwalo eqinile ashukumisayo uyakwazi kulimaze kubo. Njengoba izifunzo uqwanga ezicutshini? Lezi imisebenzi azithathele ketshezi intercellular. Uqwanga hyaline azikho imithambo yegazi. ngomshikisho yabo evele kuhle ezinzima futhi obukhulu. Ukudla kwabo ngezithukuthuku uketshezi lwamalunga.

Uhamba amanzi matrix ngokukhululekile. Iqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze umzimba. Proteoglycan e izingxenye uqwanga kuhle kwamanzi bophezela. Ungishiya like nemiyo incompressible inikeza rigidity kanye cushioning owengeziwe. With imithwalo yamanzi eqala ukusebenza zibhebhetheka ezweni isikhala intercellular futhi ngokushelela kususa ukungakhululeki, ekuvimbeleni deformations engelapheki ezibucayi.

ukuthuthukiswa

NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda omdala 2% of the isisindo ewela uqwanga. Lapho bagxila futhi olunikezwe imisebenzi abazenzi? Uqwanga bone izicubu e-embryonic period akuyona umahluko. Ngo imibungu of akukho amathambo. Batfutfukisa kusukela uqwanga kwezicubu akhiwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kodwa ingxenye okwaso ossified. Kule kwakhiwa izindlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo, amashubhu bronchial. Libuye ekhona emalungeni imilenze nezingalo, enhlanganisweni yebhantshi lensimbi, ithambo pubic, akwazi ukugcina intervertebral, meniscus kwedolo.

ukuthuthukiswa uqwanga Kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. mesenchymal amaseli Okokuqala igcwele amanzi laphetha, ukulahlekelwa izinqubo bese uqalisa esikhiqiza into matrix. Ngemva lokhu kuphakanyiswa kwabo chondrocytes futhi chondroblasts. Eyokuqala uvalwe sizungezwe izidakamizwa intercellular. Kuleli zinga, bangahlanganyela inani elilinganiselwe izikhathi. Ngemva kwalezi izinqubo yakha iqembu isogenic. Amaseli asele phezu lendwangu babe chondroblasts. Ngo inqubo ukukhiqiza impahla-matrix kwenzeka kwamangqamuzana sokugcina, kwakhiwa isakhiwo division abahlukene ibe usebe mncane futhi indwangu isizinda.

izinguquko ezihlobene nokukhula

Uqwanga umsebenzi ka izicubu womuntu enqubeni zokuphila ushintsho. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzophawula le izimpawu zokuguga: buthaka ezicubwini amalunga omzimba, ukushintsha-shintsha kulahleka, bakhathazekile buhlungu sezulu noma lapho umthwalo ongavamile. Le nqubo kubhekwa inkambiso bokuphila. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-eminyakeni 30-40, izimpawu zingase zishintshe ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane, usevele seziqala ibakhathaze. I ukuguga we articular uqwanga izicubu kungenxa ukulahlekelwa umswakama waso. Lost kuyaqina zesivikelo sesifuba. I uDries lendwangu, uthukulula.

On avele esibushelelezi neminkenke ngaphezulu, kuba anolaka. Ubushelelezi futhi kalula ngokuhambisa engasakwazi. imiphetho esonakele zikhule, zakha ezifakwa kule zezicubu osteophyte. uqwanga Nokunwebeka aguge nge ekuqongeleleni calcium intracellular kule ndaba, kodwa izici zawo (ikhala, izindlebe) cishe hhayi kubonakala.

umsebenzi kahle cartilage bone

Lapho futhi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? Ngokwezinga elikhulu ke kuxhomeke kulokho umsebenzi uqwanga. I akwazi ukugcina intervertebral, umsebenzi oyisisekelo okuyinto uhlaliseke nokusekelwa, ngokuvamile ukungasebenzi kwenzeka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa dystrophic noma izinqubo esiwohlozayo. Isimo kungaholela shift ukuthi yena, kuzokwenza kokucindezelwa zezicubu ezizungezile. edema Inevitable, imizwa babancwebe, ecindezela izitsha.

Ukuze ukunzinza, umzimba uzama ukubhekana nale nkinga. I vertebra endaweni ukusonteka "kushintshwe" kuleso simo, ikhula ngesimo sokuqala amaqhubu emathanjeni nokudleka (Intshebe). Iphinde akazuzi zezicubu ezizungezile: waphinda zokuzikhukhumeza, pinching, kokucindezelwa. Le nkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. kudivayisi eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa osteochondral ngokuthi osteochondrosis.

Umkhawulo isikhathi eside ukunyakaza (usimende ngenxa yokulimala) futhi ibe nomphumela omubi phezu uqwanga. Uma imithwalo ngokweqile sikhiqize imicu enwebekayo yezicubu e emangelengele izinyanda lunemicu ke ayisekho udle evamile ongaphakeme umsebenzi uqwanga. uketshezi lwamalunga ixubene ezimbi, chondrocytes ungatholi izakhamzimba ezanele, ngenxa ungethele lemali edingekile collagen futhi mithambo ine-elastin ukuze matrix.

Isiphetho licacile: esijwayelekile uqwanga ngokuhlanganyela kumele bathole eyanele umthwalo ukungezwani futhi kokucindezelwa. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, kudingeka uvivinye umzimba futhi ahole indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi esebenzayo.