Uyini Sakhiwo sangekhatsi umhlaba?

Umhlaba ingxenye yesimiso sonozungezilanga, kanye nawo wonke amanye amaplanethi ilanga. It utfolakala kuluhlobo zamatshe esiqinile ngaphandle kwabantu high amaplanethi ehlanganisa amatshe, ngokungafani imidondoshiya igesi nge Ubukhulu ezinkulu kanye kwabantu kuqhathaniswa aphansi. Ukwakheka Sakhiwo sangekhatsi kubangela iplanethi ewumhlaba.

Amapharamitha eyinhloko iplanethi

Ngaphambi siyathola ukuthi izingqimba ababonakali ngezikhundla e isakhiwo zomhlaba, ake sixoxe nemingcele eziyisisekelo kule planethi yethu. Izwe buqamama ukusuka elangeni, cishe elilingana amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-150. Eliseduze nendikimba ethile esemkhathini - satellite iplanethi yemvelo - Moon, esemgwaqweni at ibanga ayizinkulungwane 384 km .. Umhlaba-Moon uhlelo kubhekwa azifani ngoba nguye kuphela lapho iplanethi has a isiphuphutheki esikhulu enjalo.

Ungqimba emhlabeni kuyinto 5.98 × 10 ²⁷ kg, ubukhulu eseduze - 1.083 x ^{27 Okthoba} cube. ukubona. Iplanethi lumayelana Sun futhi emhlabeni axis awo siqu, okuyinto esitshekile ngemva kwendiza, elibangela ushintsho zonyaka. Ukusakazwa isikhathi emhlabeni eksisi cishe amahora angu-24, emhlabeni ilanga - izinsuku ezingu-365.

Ethi Mysteries of the Sakhiwo sangekhatsi

Ngaphambi asendaweni yasungulwa indlela ucwaningo usebenzisa amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, ososayensi ubengase wenze ezizathwini nendlela ahlele phansi ngaphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zakha eziningana amasu Geophysical ezokwenza ukukwazisa mayelana ezinye izici isakhiwo planethi. Ikakhulukazi, kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngokuthi amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, okuyinto awashintsheki ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokuhamba koqweqwe. Kwezinye izimo, le amagagasi ikhiqizwa ngemishini, isimo ukucabanga nezenzo zabo ukuze yazi nge isimo in ukujula.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba thola idatha ngokungaqondile, kusukela ukufinyelela ngqo yembathani ukujula akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi iplanethi siqukethe izingqimba eziningana ezihlukahlukayo lokushisa, ukwakheka kanye ingcindezi. Ngakho, liyini Sakhiwo sangekhatsi umhlaba?

uqweqwe

I engenhla igobolondo kanzima le planethi libizwa koqweqwe. Uhlonze lwalo kuhluka 5 kuya kwangu-90 km, kuye ngohlobo, iyiphi inombolo 4. ukuminyana isilinganiso ungqimba kuyinto 2.7 g / cc. Amandla esikhulu kunazo zonke uqweqwe yohlobo Continental, ukushuba of okuyinto kufika ku-90 amakhilomitha ngaphansi izinhlelo ezithile entabeni. Futhi ukuhlukanisa uqweqwe wasolwandle ngaphansi kolwandle, ukushuba lapho ufinyelela 10 km, futhi kudaleka inguquko. Inguquko libhekene yini emngceleni koqweqwe yezwekazi futhi wasolwandle. uqweqwe Rift kwenzeka lapho kukhona maphakathi no-ocean emikhulu, futhi lubonakala ngokuqina ukushuba ezincane, okuyinto ifinyelela km 2 kuphela.

Ukukhonkotha yiluphi uhlobo siqukethe 3 izinhlobo amatshe - sedimentary, egwadle futhi basalt, okuyinto zingafani kwabantu, amakhemikhali ukwakheka kanye nohlobo imvelaphi.

Umngcele engezansi cortex is njengoba Moho eyaziwa, behlonipha owathola yayo kwegama Moho. It amagxolo okuhlukana ungqimba ecashile, futhi lubonakala ngokuqina kushintsha isimo isigaba we ketshezi.

isiphuku

Isendlalelo lulandela uqweqwe oluqinile futhi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke - umthamo yayo imayelana 83% umthamo isamba emhlabeni. Isiphuku iqala ngokushesha emva komngcele Mokho luqhubeke kumuntu ka 2,900 km ukujula. Lesi sendlalelo iphinde ihlukaniswe engenhla, maphakathi kanye aphansi nesiphuku. Isici se-ungqimba engenhla iyona astenosphere khona - ungqimba othize, lapho izidakamizwa isebujameni of ubulukhuni ongaphakeme. Ukuba khona ungqimba viscous kungenxa ukunyakaza amazwekazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi kuqhuma mlilo ketshezi impahla oncibilikisiwe kuthululwe ukuba, kuziwa ngokunembile kusukela art. Isiphuku engenhla liphela ngesikhathi ka mayelana 900 km, lapho ngokwesilinganiso iqala ukujula.

Izici oluhlukanisa ungqimba inikezwe kungenziwa ngokuthi lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezelwa, ukuthi ukwanda ngokwanda ekujuleni. Lokhu kuholela esimweni olukhethekile isiphuku impahla. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekujuleni zohlobo abe lokushisa eliphezulu, zingabantu isimo okuqinile ngenxa ukuchayeka umfutho ophakeme.

Izinqubo ezenzeka kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa

Nedra iplanethi abe lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi inqubo ngokuqhubekayo nucleus Fusion ukuphendula. Nokho, phezu kwezimo ukhululekile egcinwe ukuphila. Lena sibonga kungenzeka kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa, eye nangokuvikela izakhiwo. Ngakho, ukushisa eyenziwe core engena kuyo. Ingqikithi evuthayo liphume kancane kancane selehlile, kuyilapho ngaphansi kongqimba engenhla ingamamitha phansi le ndaba ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Lo mjikelezo libizwa Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows, kwenzeka njalo.

Isakhiwo Umhlaba: nengaphakathi (zangaphandle)

Emaphakathi ingxenye planethi nengaphakathi, oqala endaweni cishe 2,900 km ukujula, ngokushesha nje lapho nesiphuku. Ngakho ngokucacile ihlukaniswe izingqimba ezimbili - i-zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. I ukushuba we ungqimba yangaphandle 2200 km.

izici sici yangaphandle ungqimba core - ukwanda i-iron ne-nickel, ngokungafani yensimbi ne-silicon compounds, okuyinto ikakhulu siqukethe isiphuku. I ketshezi core yangaphandle lisasesimweni ketshezi. I kuphenduka kubangela iplanethi ketshezi core impahla, ngenxa esiyingxenye amandla kazibuthe. Ngakho, umongo elingaphandle iplanethi kungenziwa ngokuthi magnetic field generator planethi, lapho kuqeda enobungozi emisebeni cosmic, ngakho phezu kobuso bomhlaba asekele ukuphila.

Umnyombo kwangaphakathi

Ngaphakathi ketshezi igobolondo metal kuyinto core okuqinile kwangaphakathi, ogama ubukhulu ifinyelela izinkulungwane 2.5. Km. Okwamanje, it namanje akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile, kodwa izinqubo ezenzeka kuwo, kukhona izingxabano phakathi ososayensi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwakunzima ukuthola idatha futhi ikhono lokusebenzisa izindlela engaqondile kuphela ucwaningo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwezingxenye nengaphakathi elingaphakathi hhayi ngaphansi kuka eziyinkulungwane 6. Degrees, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ke usesimweni okuqinile ezaziwayo. Lokhu kungenxa enomfutho, okuyinto akukuniki izidakamizwa ukuhambisa kusimo uketshezi - ku umongo kwangaphakathi singahle ulingana izikhathi eziphindwe 3 million. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi zingase zibangele esimweni esithile kwendaba - metallization, ngisho nalapho izakhi ezifana amagesi angakuthola izakhiwo izinsimbi futhi babe kanzima futhi obukhulu.

Ngokuphathelene ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, endaweni yocwaningo namanje nangolimi wabe eseqhuba yini izakhi ezakha core kwangaphakathi. Abanye abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi yezingxenye ezisemqoka yensimbi kanye nickel, nezinye - okungase futhi sulphur, i-silicon, umoya-mpilo phakathi izingxenye.

Isilinganiso izakhi izingqimba ezahlukene

ukwakheka komhlaba wehlukile kakhulu - iqukethe cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye uhlelo gqwa, kodwa okuqukethwe kwabo ezahlukene izingqimba iyunifomu. Ngakho, uqweqwe has kwabantu aphansi, ngakho-ke kuba izinto ukukhanya. izakhi Iningi esindayo Bayefana nengaphakathi maphakathi planethi, ashisa kakhulu kanye ingcindezi, ukuhlinzeka yenuzi nokwahlukana inqubo. Umshado onjalo kwamiswa ngesikhathi esithile - ngokushesha ngemva kokwakhiwa iplanethi oyiyo kwaba okuthiwa eyohlobo ngaphezulu.

Geography izifundo abafundi banganikeza ukudweba isakhiwo wonke. Ukuze sibhekane nale nkinga, kubalulekile ukuba banamathele izingqimba ezithile ahlelwe uchungechunge (it is echazwe esihlokweni). Uma ukulandelana kuyaphazamiseka, omunye izingqimba noma ezingabanjwanga - uma umsebenzi kuzokwenziwa ngendlela efanele. Futhi indawo ukulandelana izingqimba ungabona esitfombeni, okufakiwe kuze kube ukunakekela kwakho kulesi sihloko.