Yamalahle Ukraine. Izimayini zamalahle e-Ukraine. A ton of amalahle: intengo

Yamalahle ingenye main energy imithombo Ukraine, okungase kubhekwe njengendlela injini umnotho walo. Isimo samanje embonini yamalahle kubalulekile kakhulu futhi kudinga izinyathelo esekelayo. Kulesi sihloko nokwakheka umkhakha, wakhuluma ukuthekelisa futhi ukungenisa amalahle Ukrainian, izinqolobane zayo, kanye ekuhlaziyweni izinkinga main ekhona ezweni kwezimayini ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

Yamalahle njengoba isiqinisekiso ukuzimela kwezomnotho

Yamalahle Ukrainian ungumthombo wamandla kuphela ezonikeza zwe eziningi ezanele. Yamalahle umkhakha ithatha nengxenye enkulu isakhiwo amafutha kanye namandla eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kakhulu kuthinta yesimo sezomnotho iyonke. Ukwanda inzuzo kule mboni kunomthelela yokusimamisa umnotho Ukraine. Futhi ezikhathini zezinhlekelele emakethe amandla iyahlupheka wonke amalahle umkhakha nakwezinye izimboni ezisondelene nalomkhakha.

Inzuzo embonini yamalahle

Akhiqizwa eDonets Basin amalahle has a izindleko eliphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa izingqimba namandla ongaphakeme ukuthola ukujula ezinkulu. izindleko aphezulu inzuzo aphansi embonini yamalahle. Umkhakha babe inzuzo more, osomnotho Sisikisela ngifuna amathuba okwandisa ukufinyelela yayo futhi ukunciphisa enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi izindleko isizinda. Embonini yamalahle ubhekwa engabizi uma imali engenayo evela amalahle yokuthengisa idlule izindleko hhayi ngaphansi kuka-16%. Cishe bonke Donbass ezimayini musa siyahlangabezana nale mfuneko, futhi ezinye izazi zikholelwa okufanele ihlanganiswe.

ezimayini zamalahle e-Ukraine

E-Ukraine kukhona abangaba ngu-150 ezimayini, 90% wabo zitholakala esifundeni Donbass. On insimu yalo zikhona mayelana 100 yokusebenza ezimayini, ukukhipha amandla futhi eliphezulu coking zamalahle, ezimayini 14 babe isimo bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni ezimele, kanye nezinkampani 28 wamalahle ezizimele.

ELvov-naseVolyn umcengezi ithatha sq angaba yizinkulungwane 10. Km. Ezigcina amalahle endaweni mancane, ngakho kusukela ku15 ezimayini yokusebenza kuhlehlwe ukuba ashiye 2. kuphela I ezifakwa ngobukhulu ansundu kukhona Ternopil futhi Zakarpattya izifunda, kanye ensimini ka Pridneprovsk lignite umcengezi. Esikhathini laseDnepropetrovsk esifundeni, kukhona izinkampani amalahle ezimbili: DTEK futhi Pavlogradugol, anawo lapho zikhona ezimayini 10. ezimayini zamalahle Bangaphezulu kuka-40 uhlala e-Lugansk esifundeni. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yesimo esinzima somnotho e-Ukraine, ezinye okwami ithengiswe lanikwa eside BEE ukuba ngabanye ezizimele.

Amalahle e-Ukraine

Ngokusho idatha bodokotela, Ukraine has 33,873 bhiliyoni amathani imethrikhi amalahle, okuyinto kuba 3.9% zigcine ezweni. Kulawa, amathani 15,351 abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-amalahle anthracite futhi bituminous, lonke - lignite, noma ansundu. Ukuze ukuhlola futhi uchwepheshe ukuhlaziywa Ukraine has anele lezi iminyaka 460.

Iningi esitokisini kuleyo nsimu laseDonetsk, Pridneprovsk futhi Lviv-naseVolyn umcengezi ngesikhathi ukujula eside. Ezikhona kwezimayini ekhona akhawunti amathani 6.1 bhiliyoni, zazo ezingaphezu kwesigamu ewela anthracite, kanti bonke abanye - I- coking amalahle.

Izinhlobo ilahle misela

Ensimini ka-Ukraine ukhiqiza ezintathu izinhlobo amalahle: lignite, amalahle kanye anthracite. Brown okusezinhliziyweni-1 km ukujula futhi imele ukwakheka engokwemvelo izinsalela ezifile ezivukayo ngaphansi umthelela umthwalo futhi lokushisa eliphakeme. It libhekene a omlilo lokushisa iphansana ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu umswakama okuqukethwe (cishe 40%). Half ngezithako zawo yakha izinto oluyingozi.

Coal ubhekwa zilwane kuqala izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Ukusetshenziswa Its uye wabangela izinguquko kwezezimboni, okuyinto wazalwa ngaphansi kwethonya embonini yamalahle. Yamalahle luqukethe amanzi ingasaphathwa (10%), kuphumele ikhalori esikhulu okusezingeni eliphezulu omlilo lokushisa. Volatiles yakha 32% we ngezithako zawo, + ngakho ilahle ephakamayo kahle. Izinhla we ezimbiwa phansi e-elingaba ngu-3 km ukujula. Amalahle misela e-Ukraine ezimayini laseDonetsk futhi Lugansk izifunda.

amalahle Anthracite yilona banga engcono. Ayiqamba cishe ngokuphelele carbon. Anthracite libhekene okusezingeni eliphezulu calorific ukubaluleka kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity kagesi. Kodwa ngenxa ukubunjwa yayo, kuba kahle oluvuthayo. Lolu hlobo amalahle yiwo at a 6 km ukujula. Ngokuyinhloko ezifakwa anthracite zitholakala izintaba noma nezinye izindawo ukuthi babhekana ukunyakaza okunamandla ungqimba lomhlaba.

Nentengo yamalahle e-Ukraine

Ngokuyinhloko, kwakheka intengo yamalahle ikhumbula lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• yemvelo - izimo zezulu esifundeni, isikhundla endle, izici lobuchwepheshe wendawo amalahle umphetho ukujiya nokujula nezinye izimo Geological;
• ukukhiqizwa - base impahla izinkampani zezimayini, imishini ekhethekile nobuchwepheshe.

Ngakho, ochwepheshe alindele izindleko sezizonke futhi sihlaziye izinga izidubedube, ukunquma ukuthi kubiza malini ton of amalahle. Intengo uhlobo rock ngamunye ngokuphongoza. Uhlobo eqolo kuyinto anthracite. Izindleko Its ngokwesilinganiso kusuka 2000 kuya 2500 UAH. / T. Eshibhe iyona ansundu (mayelana 1000 UAH. / T) emakethe ombiwa phansi.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izindleko namalahle kubuye sincike grade yabo futhi isigaba. Ngakho, kunzima ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukuthi kubiza malini ton of amalahle. Intengo zohlobo namuhla imahhala futhi efakwe izinkampani yezimayini ngqo.

Ezithumela kwamanye amazwe amalahle Ukrainian

umkhakha Ukrainian isebenzisa ilahle gezi njengoba impahla eluhlaza embonini steel. Njengoba elisho amalahle ezishisayo - anthracite, izwe lakhe has ngokweqile. Ngakho, lolu hlobo idwala imayelana 70% embonini yamalahle e-Ukraine (ngokuvamile zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe). Kulokhu, kunokuntuleka okukhulu kakhulu kwamalahle coking.

Ngakho, amalahle Ukraine kwanelisa zakuleli ngama-60%. Ingxenye yesithathu ka isimo coking amalahle ukungeniswa ezivela eRussia, USA, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe. Cishe lonke ivolumu anthracite ekhishwe kudle inkampani amandla e-Ukraine. inani eleqile wezinsalela idwala izwe emazweni angaphandle ukuba Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey ne-Iran. Faka European emakethe nge lemiqulu emikhulu nzima ngenxa yokubakhona inothile izinga okusezingeni yamalahle Poland naseJalimane. Futhi, ukuncishiswa ukuthekelisa ukudiliva kakhulu ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa eYurophu ukunikela US izinsiza wezinsalela zamandulo. Ngakho, eminyakeni yamuva, isidingo amalahle e-Ukraine kwehle ngo-20%.

Izinkinga embonini yamalahle

Embonini yamalahle Ukraine okwesikhathi eside kusenkingeni. Ngokusho iziphathimandla, ezingaphezu kuka-70% ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi we umkhakha abadinga ukubuyekeza futhi ukulungisa. Sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 kokusetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, zingabantu kakhulu bakhathale futhi kudingeka esikhundleni. Naphezu ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe, inani elikhulu ezimayini namanje usebenzisa amandla okusebenza kwabantu ikakhulukazi mathupha.

Kubi isimo enhlokodolobha ibonakale izinga amalahle. Uma usebenzisa imishini ezigugile idwala misela zolistye ngaphezulu. Njengoba base ezimbi futhi ephelelwe yisikhathi lobuchwepheshe kakhulu kuthinte umkhiqizo zomsebenzi, okwandisa ukubaluleka idwala likhishiwe.

Izimayini zamalahle e-Ukraine kudinga imali eyengeziwe. Imithombo eyinhloko utshalomali embonini yamalahle yezwe isabelomali wombuso kanye siqu izindlela zayo zangaphakathi wamabhizinisi ukukhiqizwa. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa lo mkhakha umnotho idinga dolobha elikhulu. Futhi ukuze ihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali ezivela ngaphandle, udinga ukudala isimo esihehayo ibhizinisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilahle umkhakha Ukraine inenani bebeletha kanye nezinga izingozi emsebenzini. Naphezu kwakho konke izenzo uhulumeni, embonini yamalahle luyimfanelo eyingozi kakhulu umnotho impilo yabasebenzi. Ngokwezibalo, e isizinda kwamalahle esigidini bafe-avareji yamaphesende abavukuzi ababili.

Inkinga ebaluleke Ukrainian carbs umkhakha kuyinto semali amalahle methane okwami kwekhabhoni. Isimo kuyinto emazweni amahlanu phezulu ngokuya kwekhabhoni (iyiphi i-akhawunti-80% ezimayini yokusebenza). Ochwepheshe ngenkuthalo imiklamo ozosetshenziselwa yayo, kodwa kuze kube manje baye wakwazi ukwakha izimo ukubhekisiswa kuphela 1/10 ye amagesi Imininingwane.

nomthelela omubi kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amalahle ezimayini ihogela ithonya zinhlobo angahlelekile. Ingxenye yalo ukukhiqiza 10% wamandla ingqikithi izimayini zamalahle.

Izindlela zokuthuthukisa embonini yamalahle

Ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga ezichazwe ngenhla kuyadingeka ukuze afeze uhla izinyathelo ezihlose sesimanje, ukwakhiwa kabusha kanye nokwenza kahle izimayini zamalahle. Lezo zinhlelo sezivele lwenteke kwezinye izimayini kanye kwaholela ekwandeni e inzuzo imisebenzi.

Futhi, uhulumeni kufanele kuqinise inqubomgomo amandla futhi kwenze kube ezinye izinguquko. Ukuze afeze lezi zinhloso, ochwepheshe udale lwentuthuko imikhakha ebalulekile emnothweni futhi basebenze kumaphrojekthi emikhulu energy imali.

Ngakho ukuthi amalahle kusuka Ukraine kwaba ukuncintisana ezimakethe angaphandle kanye nokuhlinzeka nesidingo umnyuziki yasekhaya, uhulumeni kufanele basebenze ezindaweni ezimbili ezibalulekile: sesimanje umkhakha futhi ukufeza izinguquko kwinqubomgomo, kucatshangelwa izimo zamanje ukuthuthukiswa komnotho.

umkhakha Outlook

Nakuba manje Ukraine ihlangabezana nenhlekelele acute kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho, kanti ezinye izimayini ukumisa ukusebenza, embonini yamalahle yezwe has amathemba abalulekile. Uma ucabangela kangakanani amalahle uhlala e-Ukraine, ukukhiqizwa yayo kungaba esikhathini esizayo kuyimboni ebalulekile amasu yezwe.

Ikhumbula lokhu kuthambekela ukuthuthukiswa embonini yamalahle kwamanye amazwe futhi isidingo sokutshalwa kwezimali ezinkulu ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo zabo, ezikhathini zanamuhla Ukraine inzuzo engaphezulu ukuthenga amalahle phesheya. Uma izwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sizodingida izimpikiswano ezinkulu emkhakheni, ke umkhakha uzoqala sikhule ngokushesha kakhulu futhi bakwazi ukuletha umnotho ezingeni elisha.