Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich - Umhloli wamazwe Russian Arctic: Biography emfushane

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlobene cwaningo ye-Arctic, kwaba ukuthuthukiswa yoLwandle Northern Umzila, okuvumela ukunciphisa navigation umzila imithambo phakathi ingxenye European wezwe lakithi kanye neMpumalanga Ekude. Phakathi kwalabo anikela ngokuphila kwawo ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza lolu hlelo kwaba isihambi Russian Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich (1884-1914), ogama lakhe linguJehova phakade emlandweni wesayensi Russian.

Scion Ukunikwa imikhaya Russian ekhazimulayo

Ikusasa wamazwe Arctic wazalwa Meyi 19, 1884 ku Odessa emndenini isikhulu Navy isiRashiya, Ngokuzayo Admiral Lev Alekseevich Brusilov. Igama lazo uyaziqhenya lwendawo emlandweni wezwe, kwanele ukuba akhumbule ukuthi umalume George L. - Alexei - eyaziwa ngokuthi hero of the First World War, kwaholela ukufohla abadumile amabutho Russian.

Ukubhalisa 1903 ngesikhathi Naval ubusosha Corps, ngemva kweminyaka emibili le nsizwa ukhushuliwe ezigunyaza nezikhonzi, phakathi Russian-Japanese inkonzo neMpi athwalwa imikhumbi isigaba zaseMpumalanga Ekude. Nokho, ubizo bakhe beqiniso kwakungeyona indlela ephambene, nemisebenzi yocwaningo.

Eyokuqala isipiliyoni ucwaningo

Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich siqala kwe-Arctic Circle ngo-1910, waba ilungu bomkhankaso lokuhlola amanzi, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukuthuthukiswa uMzila Wasolwandle OseNyakatho. Ngesikhathi nokulahla ososayensi kwakukhona amabili ophihliza iqhwa "Taimyr" futhi "Vaigach". Ukuhambisa kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga ogwini Arctic Ocean, bomkhankaso eqoqwe esibalulekile idatha kwesayensi, ukuze, e-Arctic kumephu agcwaliswa angaziwa eminingi ngaphambi ziqhingi sisebunzimeni. George L. lesikhumbuzo iqhaza kulo msebenzi nzima phathelana ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe lighthouse, wagqoka Cape Dezhnev - endaweni zamazwekazi Russia nayo yonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele.

uhlelo onesibindi

Publishing ibika mayelana mikhankaso labacwaningi angaphandle ovelele, njengoba baseNorway Raul Amundsen futhi Fridtjof Nansen, kanye American Robert Piri futhi eyiNgisi Robert Scott, bahlangana eRussia ngesithakazelo esikhulu. Engafuni ukunikeza entendeni ekuthuthukiseni North izifiki, futhi njengoba isikhulu kweqiniso isiRashiya, ezidabukile umphefumulo namandla udumo, GL Brusilov, elandela isibonelo nezinye izihambi ezimbili G. Sedov futhi Rusanov, wanquma ahlele ngohambo lwakhe siqu.

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekuqondeni iphrojekthi amkhulelwe, njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo kwenzeka, ekukhombeni imithombo izimali zawo, njengoba izimali okudingekayo eside futhi mathupha Georgiy Lvovich azange abe nabo. Nokho, indlela yokuphuma etholakele.

Ngo-1912, wathatha i ikhefu olusemthethweni, Brusilov yamemezela ukusungulwa inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela, ogama inzuzo kulindeleke ukuba zibuyiswe kusukela ukuzingela esincelisayo, okuyinto kwakudingeka abhekane nesimiso endleleni amalungu esizayo bomkhankaso. Hhayi lokuthola impendulo omphakathi jikelele, Umthandi womculo ngokugqamile wakwazi Nokho, ukukholisa izihlobo zabo ukuba zibe masheya bayo.

I zimali ezinkulu babe umalume wakhe Boris Alekseevich Brusilov - Umninindawo ngobukhulu waseRussia, nomkakhe, Countess Anna Nikolaevna, banikele kule ezingabazekayo kakhulu kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, iphrojekthi kuyinto ruble ayizigidi 90 -. Isamba esikhulu ngalezo zinsuku.

Izinkinga abagibele "St Anna"

ukuxazulula Ngakho inkinga zezimali, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich ukuya eNgilandi, lapho wathola lesibili ngesandla Nokho, kodwa namanje uqine kakhulu ngomkhumbi umusi kaseyili. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Blenkatra", kodwa ukuba ngaphansi kwefulegi isiRashiya, wabe esenikwa kabusha yokudumisa zimali esikhulu bomkhankaso - Countess Anna Nikolayevna futhi ngokuthi "St Anna".

Kusukela Petersburg pier kaseyili "Saint Anna" Wamuka-August 10, 1912 futhi zayiswa ohlangothini uBarents Sea, lapho stop wakhe wokuqala Kwakuhlelwe eduze zokuhlala elincane Alexandrovsk-on-Murman (namuhla Polar). Lapho, elinde umhleli lokuqala bomkhankaso enkingeni enkulu. Lapho umkhumbi wafika ogwini, bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli crew - a amatilosi ezimbalwa, udokotela omkhumbi, futhi, okubi kunakho konke, itilosi - wenqaba ukuqhubeka ukubhukuda.

Isimo sasibucayi. Kuwo wonke bahlala emkhunjini, abantu abahlanu kuphela, singabali kakhulu le Brusilov kanye itilosi yesibili Albanova (esithombeni sakhe ishicilelwe ngezansi), babe amatilosi professional, futhi lo dokotela bavumelana ukwenza imfanelo kwenzeka ukuba abe nazo azikhonze umhlengikazi. Nokho, naphezu kwakho konke, September 10, ethwele supply eside ukudla, "St Anna" baqhubeka endleleni.

Ngo ekuthunjweni ice

Ngemva kwesonto, ukufinyelela Sea Kara, umkhumbi waphendukela okuqinile ice strip ukuhambisa lapho bakwazi ngisho esikhathini kwezinsuku eziyishumi kusukela amavesi emincane futhi amanzi evulekile. Kodwa-ke, bagibele ngokuphelele ice, wabahloli walahlekelwa ngamathuba esizayo isebenze bomkhumbi. Ngakho, ngo-October 10, 1912 laqala cishe iminyaka emibili drift yabo. Ngentando umoya nemisinga, vmorzshee e umkhumbi ice, esikhundleni inkambo Kuhlelwe i isiqondiso mpumalanga, bathuthela enyakatho nasentshonalanga yasenyakatho.

Ngo-June 1913 umkhumbi ozayo kwaba ngasenyakatho Novaya Zemlya, futhi wabona ngokucace bha ngaphambi esigabeni ice-free kolwandle, kodwa yonke imizamo ukuze uthole ngokusebenzisa kuye yayiyize, futhi kwesiphetho ebusika yesibili kucaca. Ngemva komunye izinyanga eziyisithupha umkhumbi yanikwa Franz Josef Land wesifunda.

Wekufa

Ngalesi sikhathi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukudla kukhona ngokwengxenye bakwazi ukugcwalisa ngezithukuthuku ukuzingela, nsuku zonke ngokucace kakhudlwana wake wabo. Ngenhla crew esongelwa indlala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ebhodini saphelelwa uphethiloli, okuyinto Brusilov uhambo ukusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza nokupheka.

Esikhathini isimo samanje, kwanqunywa soke isiqhema ukuwushiya umkhumbi bese uyazama ukuhamba phezu eqhweni ukufinyelela umhlaba wonke owakhiwe. Zona efanayo Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich wasala "Saint Anne". Yini eyayimenza angeneke ukuthatha lesi sinqumo oyinhlekelele ngokwabo, ayikaziwa. Mhlawumbe njengoba isikhulu isiRashiya, futhi, ngakho-ke, indoda udumo, akakwazanga ukubekezelela namahloni ahambisana zimali abalamacala. Mhlawumbe wahlushwa ngokwazi ukuthi izenzo zakhe ninokuqonda + kuKristu abantu ababemlandela. Kunoma ikuphi, amatilosi yahamba ngaphandle kwakhe.

Usizi lokukhulelwa amatilosi "St Anna"

Ngokungangabazeki, ukuzama ukufinyelela ingxenye owakhiwe ogwini wawuzofekela futhi zicatshangelwa ababambiqhaza bayo njengoba ithuba esisele kuphela. Njengoba ekuqaleni Brusilov uhambo yengacabangi uhamba izindima, kwakungekho imishini efanele athengelwe kubo. Ngenxa yalokho, izikebhe, sleds noboya izingubo kwadingeka ukukhiqiza ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokuba isipiliyoni ezidingekayo nangekhono.

Nokho, akukho okunye yayingekho, futhi ngo-Ephreli 23, 1914 amatilosi ushiye umkhumbi. Biography Brusilov, eqinisweni, ngalesi siqephu okukhulu, waquma njengemiphumela akekho oye uyaphila ezingabonwayo. Njengoba for nye amalungu bomkhankaso, isiphetho abaningi babo, kwakungekho kancane ebuhlungu.

Endless endleleni eqhweni

Yenza ababecabanga yezinkanyezi ezifanele nokumadanisa imiphumela yabo nezinqalasizinda at amabalazwe yabo kulahlwa, abahloli bamazwe bathole ukuthi le ndawo eliseduze Bayodlula 160 km. Nokho, endleleni, base badiliza bebheke ice ukukhukhuleka, futhi ngenxa yalokho lokhu ibanga liye landa izikhathi ezimbili nesigamu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo yinkimbinkimbi ushintsho futhi esebenzisa ukungondleki okukhulu, besina phakathi kwayo yonke isitokwe zasendulo kwadingeka okuncane kuphela crackers, kusobala enganele ubuyise amandla aphele.

Ngenxa yalokho, inani labo ushiye umkhumbi, cishe bonke sebafa endleleni. Ngu isiphetho kwasala kuphela wahola iqembu Albanov Itilosi kanye itilosi angayizali uConrad. Kubo, yiqhwa zaqina futhi ngokulambisa uyaphila ngenxa yokukhandleka, wacosha umkhumbi "St Foka", okuyingxenye bomkhankaso GY Sedov.

usesho akuphumelelanga

Ngenxa yokuthi njengoba kuqale unyaka ka abantu 1914 ulahlekile babhaliswa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezintathu Russian uhambo polar - GY Sedov, VA Rusanov, umuntukazana eholwa Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, kunjalo ithole resonance kuyindaba engathí sina kangaka emphakathini ukuthi inkomba inhlangano ngokushesha ukufuna wanikezwa ngqo kwiKhabhinethi. Ngenxa yalesi inyanga ezine umkhumbi ngokuhlola olwandle.

Ngesikhathi Arctic kumephu seyenziwe ngokuningiliziwe eyanele ukuthi avunyelwe ehlelekile ahlolisise izindawo cishe uhlale nabahloli bamazwe ulahlekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni wezwe ukusebenza wokutakula u izinkontileka zezindiza polar. Seaplane Farman MF.11, okuzoqondiswa by umshayeli Yanom Nagurskim uzibophezele izindiza nsuku zonke phezu ugu lweNyakatho Novaya Zemlya nezindawo zayo eduze.

Ukufuna kwaqhubeka iminyaka emithathu kwaphazanyiswa kuphela mayelana izenzakalo zezombusazwe konyaka 1917. Thola kaseyili "Saint Anna", noma okungenani esele ke, kwakungenakwenzeka. Kuphela kamuva, ngo-2010, ubuholi be-National Park "Onega Pomorie" uhambo ukuze Franz Josef Land elalihlelwe ngayo, wakwazi ukubona isidumbu avele kwazo ukuba nibe ngabakaJesu omunye amalungu Albanova iqembu.

Afterword

Naphezu Umphumela odabukisayo uhambo, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, Biography iDemo owawungumnyaka ngesisekelo lesi sihloko, wenze umnikelo othile ekutadisheni-Arctic. Ngenxa izinto zazo lidluliselwe Academy of Sciences owasinda Albani iphethwe kakhulu nokumisa idatha zangaphambili ezikhona ku imisinga yasogwini, ukucacisa umngcele eshalofini Continental, kanye ufake umshushuluzo ikhadi kwamanzi, ngokuthi "St Anna".