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Dovmont (Pskov isikhulu): Biography, nezigigaba

Dovmont Prince (Thimothewu) - Pskov umbusi 1266-1299 GG. Kulo mfanekiso, wangena njengoba umholi wamasosha abanamakhono. Dovmont migilingwane ezichazwe zemihla lasendulo. Ikakhulukazi abaphumelelayo izimpi nge amaJalimane naseLithuania. Ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe, Pskov ekhulwini le-13 empeleni ukuqeda kwencika kusukela Novgorod.

biography

Dovmont (Prince of Pskov) wayeyindodana nomzalwana ka Mindaugas Voishelk ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, imithombo, futhi ngakolunye - a Troydenya isihlobo. wayevela Lithuania futhi kwadingeka eziningi Nalshanskaya. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, Dovmont wayeshade udadewabo ngomfazi Mindaugas. Ngo Bychowiec Chronicle lithi wayeshade udadewabo umkakhe Narimonta. Ngokusho lwemilando, nobufakazi bakho, Dovmont wathatha ingxenye ngqo ekubulaweni Mindaugas e 1263-m. Kamuva wawela emgodini lokungamukelwa nge Voishelk. I wokugcina 1264, waba uthathwa njengoba isikhulu enamandla kakhulu eLithuania.

Ukubukeka emhlabathini Russian

Ngo 1265-m Dovmont kwesokunxele Lithuania waya Pskov. Ngaleso sikhathi, lowo muzi wahlangabezana isikhathi sasivumela nzima. Alexander saseNevsky kushona. Ubani umbusi omusha, Prince Yaroslav, babengenawo amandla noma amathalente babe nomfowabo omdala. Amandla akhe ayikahlanganiswa seliqinile - vechniki Novgorod wayengafuni ukubona inkosi yayo. Grand Duke ukubeka umbusi Svyatoslav, indodana yakhe. Lapho ngizinika isikhathi hhayi ngokuqinisa imingcele futhi sokuhlanganiswa amandla umbusi phezu komuzi. Ngakho wahlala phezu Prince Yaroslav.

Kodwa idolobha okudingekayo ngendlela eyesabeka kakhulu ukuthi angabavikela abantu kusukela Oda, eLithuania nase-awekho ngaphansi kwesibopho sokuzila kumbusi omkhulu. ukukhetha Yabantu wawela phezu Dovmont. Lutho ikhombe yena iLithuania lapha wayengeyona ongamazi. Ababusi abaningi base-Lithuanian kwenzeka kusukela lwamaSlav futhi ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko kuyinto Russian.

Ukubukeka emibhalweni yaminyaka Dovmont iqukethe ifasitela lokuzula ngokwanele. UmBhalo uthi Voishelk ethumba Lithuania, nomfowabo bagijimela iqembu. Ebandleni wabhapathizwa futhi wathola ogama lakhe linguThimothewu. Dovmont waba umbusi omusha wase-edolobheni. Kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, yena washiyela ukuvikela abantu kanye nemingcele. Waba abadumile inkemba Dovmont. Kamuva, babusiswa ngu nezigigaba amaqhawe. iminyaka engu-200 kamuva kwathiwa ngesizotha etandleni indodana Basil II Ebumnyameni - Yuri.

Ukuthunjwa Polotsk

Dovmont (Prince of Pskov) led squad, futhi "ayisishiyagalolunye ezintathu" amadoda bokulwa. Nabo NguDavide Yakunovich, naseLithuania - Luka LITVIN. Abesilisa sekungene ziyasibona zamahlathi, esisuka kusuka k. Great Dvina. Ukuze bamba kungazelelwe esikhulu oqinile Polotsk Dovmont wayengeke abe namandla. Nokho, wakwazi ukuba liyobamba Gerdeni ngenkosikazi nezingane. Ukuthwebula izithombe booty ocebile endleleni, wesula Polotsk. Zonke ngohide bakwazi ngisho nokushushumbisa yonkana Dvina, kuyilapho Gerdenya abuthele umbimbi. Ngaphesheya komfula Dovmont wama wadedela inyamazane futhi iziboshwa Pskov nge ingxenye amaqhawe alo. Ngokushesha uvele naseLithuania. Guardian uxwayiswe Dovmont isikhathi. Ngakho waqoqa mabutho ngokungazelelwe hit naseLithuania. Izitha azinalo isikhathi ukuthatha oda. Ngakho igazi kancane (eyodwa kuphela wabulawa Derpt) Dovmont amangalelwe ukunqoba kwakhe kuqala.

umkhankaso omusha

Ngo 1267-m ojenene Russian wathutha eLithuania. umngcele izindawo isimo kwabhujiswa. NaseLithuania akazange nje ehluleke ukuba bavikele izwe labo, kepha akuveli ekuphishekeleni. Njengoba amarekhodi umlando, Novgorod futhi Pskov abaningi balwa ngonyaka, wafika isizinda kanye lossless. On porubezhe asilitholanga ngaphandle kwegazi enjalo nemikhankaso yimpumelelo. NaseLithuania isikhathi eside saphela kuphangwa yabo.

"Ukuthula" nge amaJalimane

Scaring Lithuania Dovmont (Prince of Pskov) banquma ukuba bangene ebuthweni lempi elikhulu ukulwa Crusaders. izimpi kubangele izinyathelo steel Knights-Danish, abaye igxilile ngokwabo e emadolobheni asogwini Rakovore futhi Kolyvan. Zakhuza uvinjelwe ukudayisa Novgorod.

Ebusika 1268 ojenene wokuqala Russian, nezimpi zawo zibuthene ngaphandle kwezindonga zomuzi. Kubutsa nezidlamlilo. They phatha ngu Mikhail Fedorovich (burgomaster) kanye Kondrat (tysyatsky). Ngokusho zemihla ngemihla, ibutho olunezinombolo abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-30. AmaJalimane bathumela amanxusa ukwenza ukuthula. Ngokusho isivumelwano, bona ufunge ngokuthi angeke usize rakovortsam futhi kolyvantsam - yinkosi abantu. It novgorodtsev bawuhlela ngobe injongo eyinhloko kwaba Knights Danish. Ukuze amabutho isiRashiya, kwakubalulekile ukuba uhlukane amaJalimane. Ngo-January, inombolo 23 (1268), i-Warriors wathutha Rakovor. Ukuze Narva ehamba kancane - amasonto amathathu. Voivod ukunikeza abantu ukuphumula, kwathi besendle, ezweni lakubo. Ngaphandle elwa amabutho amazwe sawela umngcele. Knights wodwa endle akazange alinge ukuphuma, wayifihla ngemuva izindonga kwemibhoshongo.

Le mpi ne Ratiu German

Februwari 17 Ibutho okumisiwe emfuleni. Kegoli. Morning, ngokungazelelwe wabonakala eduze ibutho lamaJalimane. Yena zikleliswe a eliyingozi "ingulube." ukuthula Ungene ngaleyo ndlela buphuliwe amaJalimane ngokwabo. amabutho Russian wathatha oda evamile - "ebunzini". In the isikhungo wema athathwe, futhi kwesokunene nezinhlanu kwesobunxele izinhlangothi - ihhashi onogada. Esikhathini esifanayo ukuze iyahambelana phambi kwamasosha kanye iNeva Ice. Nokho, lesi sakhiwo wayaziwa amaJalimane.

Dmitry Pereyaslavsky, omunye wabaphostoli kwezinhloko zamaviyo isiRashiya, wafaka kwesokunxele abambalwa Tver squad, kanye asele regiments abakhwele amahhashi eholwa lontamo ukushaya nganeno kwaba ezingalindelekile futhi enamandla. Lapha ngasukuma yena. Iphiko kwesokudla wayebuye Dovmont (Pskov Prince).

Ukuqala impi wayefana Battle of the Ice. AmaJalimane luhlangabezane "ebunzini" Russian. Novgorod elwiwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi enzima kusukela isitha. Izisulu lalilikhulu, kodwa amaJalimane akazange ukuphatha babe nempumelelo "ebunzini". Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi kwababusi Chivalry bahlakazeka, futhi wonke umuntu wayelwa wedwa. Izintaba Novgorod wazidabula kusukela Saddles yabo. Khona-ke washiya lapho elwa wangena Tver Mikhail squad. Nokho, ukuze amaJalimane, kwakungesona isimanga. Ekwenzeni squads ubavikele kwesokunxele uMichael. Khona-ke ngakolunye uhlangothi impi wajoyina mabutho: Pskov, Vladimirec, Pereyaslavets. Lokhu igalelo yenzeka ngokushesha ngakho futhi okukhulu ukuthi Knights e isidumo aqala ukwehla. Kusukela acoboshise kubo wakwazi ukubaleka, njengoba kwaba indlela omunye ibutho lamaJalimane. amabutho Russian kwadingeka ukumisa jaha kabusha. Nokho, amaJalimane akazange alinge unyathele. Indawo okwakulwelwa kuyona izimpi embozwe izidumbu futhi egcwele igazi, ngakho bayesaba ukuthi unikele kube komunye umkhawulo emkhakheni futhi esemi laphaya kuze kuhlwe. Ebusuku, Knights kwesokunxele. Pereyaslavl wathumela ligada azibatholanga noma 2 noma 4 noma ngisho emahoreni angu-6 travel.

wokulwa

Dovmont akazange iqhaza ezimpini zombango, nakuba iningi lababusi wazama ukuyengela kuye ohlangothini lwabo. ERussia, kuyisikhathi esinzima. Baqala ukulwa ababusi wokubusa uVladimir, futhi kulo lonke izwe. Umholi omkhulu waba abaphezulu indodana ka Aleksandra Nevskogo , uDmitry. Nokho, waya umzalwane maphakathi - U-Andrew. Wathenga khan Tudamengu ukunqamulela ukubusa e uVladimir.

Russ waya egibele amahhashi namabutho Tatar Alchedaya Kavgadyya ukubeka Andrew okwakufanele abe inkosi. Imibhalo utshele indlela amasosha zisakazwe emhlabathini beyofuna Russian Dmitry. Kodwa yiphathe bengazange basebenze ngenxa boyars yabo asondele futhi umkhaya wakhe, baphephela Koporje, lapho aqhubeka igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini yakhe. Lapha Dmitry wafuna zihlala ayehlasela bese ugcine amandla. Wambalela ku ukusekela abantu Novgorod, lapho walwa Knights. Nokho, labo owamkhaphelayo futhi abamba sisendleleni. Luyakhandla ukudluliswa Koporje nababusi, bathumba amadodakazi Dmitry futhi sisondele kuye boyars nezingane omkabo.

Ukuhlanganyela Pskov yinkosana internecine izimpi

I inqaba ukuthi elise Novgorod isikaniso abantu Dmitry ababoshwe Ladoga. Waphendula dengwane futhi isiphelile. Futhi kuleli qophelo ukungezwani lokuqala nesikhathi kuphela abathintekayo Dovmont. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena wema ohlangothini ababuthakathaka. Ngesizathu esithile, lokhu sekwenziwe, ngokusobala aliwona kuze kube sekupheleni. Kwangathi abadlale indima bangaphambili ukulwa bobuzalwane, ungakwazi nokuzwelana (Dovmont zibalwe Dmitry umalokazana), futhi ngokunokwenzeka Pskov Prince wabona izithunjwa iqhawe kuphela ongavikela izwe kusukela izitha eziningi. Kunoma yikuphi, kubonakala ngokushesha weza Ladoga, sikhululwe bonke abantu.

Ngemva kwesikhathi, ngaphinde ngahlala khona phansi, Dmitry e uVladimir. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emine okokuqala emlandweni Russia, wanqoba ibutho zidlamlilo. Kukholakala ukuthi "impi efanele" kuqala nge amaMongol athatha indawo kuphela 1378-m p. Vozha. Kodwa kwathi ngisemncane kakhulu. Ngo 1285 kwenza irekhodi emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ukuthi Prince Andrei Gorodetsky wahola zidlamlilo isikhulu nomfowabo omdala Dmitri. Nokho, lona wamuva saqoqa ibutho waxosha amaMongol bevela ezweni Russian.

Ngonyaka odlule zokuphila Dovmont

Ngo 1299-m, ebusuku, Knights German buthule sekungene emzini. Bona perepozli ngokusebenzisa stockade waya ezitaladini elele. Onogada wabulala imimese mncane. Eyokuqala ukuqaphela izinja amaJalimane Kromskom. Ngokushesha ebhongile icilongo, kwakhala insimbi. Pskovites wabaleka, ayehlome kuya ezindongeni zomuzi. On the umbhoshongo kwakubonakala umbusi nababusi. Wayebuka sifela tenements zabantu bakhe. bevikela umuzi ngaleso sikhathi wenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile. Uma izitha kwakufanele ezindongeni, iminyango alikwazi ukuvulwa.

Idolobha elikhulu sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi, kodwa hhayi isitshalo, ngakho kungcono anikele kunasekuqaleni ukunikeza kuqala. Nokho Dovmont basebephuma ukumelana nemithetho. Isango lavuleka, baye bakhishwe nalawo agibela amahhashi. Ebumnyameni kwakunzima ukwenza ukuthi ubani kwaba lapho. Pskov wafunda izingubo zakhe ku isikibha esimhlophe ngu ememeza abesifazane nezingane. Alien zihlukaniswa kukhanya afudumele izigqoko zawo, zempi ukukhala. Vigilantes wangqongqoza amaJalimane, ulahlekile ngababaleki, zenziwe kude kancane, elinde lapho ngeke uphonsa singene esangweni. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi atakulwa, kodwa futhi ubulale abantu abaningi. Ekuseni Dovmont ngibona indlela kancane umuzi ayezungezwe izitha. Abazange bacabange ukuthi umbusi owayengalokotha ngingene empini nabo. Nokho, akukho lutho ngakho Dovmont. Okokuqala aphume esangweni wagijima elihamba, abakhwele amahhashi wamlandela wakhe. Emlonyeni umkhumbi waphuthuma Pskovy ibutho. Ayikwazanga simelane Knights isiJalimane, wabaleka imikhonto, wagxuma emanzini, wagijimela yomiswe, wagibela phezu kwamagquma. Pskovites kugujwa enye kunqoba, engazi ukuthi kuyoba zinyanga ngoba Dovmont.

ukufa

Njengoba ayezungezwe uthando nokubonga abantu bomuzi, Dovmont kancane eshabalalayo. Kwakubonakala sengathi wonke amabutho uniké empini yokugcina. Nokho, emibhalweni yaminyaka, wathi mhlawumbe wayethethelela inganqotshwa sifo - kwafa abantu abaningi kulowo nyaka. May 20, Dovmont umzimba wafakwa KuZiqu-zintathu Church. Kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba okuthiwa saint ngoba alamandla. Sword, ngawo akalokothi Babelana Dovmont esaphila, kunamekwe lomngcwabo.

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