Esihlatshelelwayo feta. Izici izinkondlo nefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo feta

Novemba 23, 1820 ku Novoselki emzaneni, etholakala eduze Mtsensk, umndeni Carolina Charlotte Fet futhi Athanasius Neofitovicha Shenshin kwazalelwa khona imbongi omkhulu Russian Afanasiy Afanasevich Fet. Abazali bakhe sashada ngaphandle isiko Orthodox phesheya (umama imbongi kwakuyisipho Lutheran), ngoba lokho umshado ngokomthetho eJalimane, beyingavumelekile eRussia.

Bokuhlukaniswa lesi yisiqu esibhekisela izikhulu

Kamuva, lapho senziwa emshadweni emkhubeni Orthodox, Athanasius Afanasievich ayesevele ehlala ngaphansi Igama lonina - Fet, kungakhathaliseki umntanakhe engumlanjwana. Lo mfana bancishwa ngaphandle igama likayise futhi isihloko kwamadoda asebukhosini, ka ubuzwe futhi ifa amalungelo Russian. Ukuze le nsizwa iminyaka eminingi umgomo obaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakuwukuba uphinde ukwazi igama Shenshin futhi wonke amalungelo okuhlobene. Kuphela ngaphansi ukuguga wakwazi ukufeza lokhu, ukuze uphinde uthole izikhulu sitholwa njengefa.

ukuqeqeshwa

yena, Imbongi esizayo 1838 Ufake ibhodi eMoscow osolwazi Pogodin, futhi libhaliswe umnyango ngomlomo eMoscow University ngo-August ka ngawo lowo nyaka. Umndeni wengane eyashona eyayifunda akhe kanye nomngani wakhe, Apollon Grigoriev , wahlala iminyaka yakhe umfundi. Ubungane intsha nesandla ekwakhiweni kwezifiso zawo ezivamile nokubukwa art.

Imizamo yokuqala at lokubhala

Athanasius Afanasievich uqala ukubhala izinkondlo ngo-1840 e-kweminyango ukukhanya eshicilelwe ngezindleko zakhe siqu iqoqo izinkondlo enesihloko esithi "Lyrical onkulunkulu". La mavesi bekuzwa ngokucacile okushoyo Echoes zezinkondlo Evgeniya Baratynskogo, Vasiliya Zhukovskogo no-Ivan Kozlov. ngokuqhubekayo ephrintiwe Kusukela 1842 Athanasius Afanasievich ephephabhukwini "Amanothi we lawobaba." Vissarion Grigorevich Belinsky kakade 1843 wabhala ukuthi, kubo bonke abantu baseMoscow izimbongi Fet "zonke onamakhono" futhi amavesi umbhali ubeka ngendlela efanayo imisebenzi Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova.

Isidingo se-career lempi

Fet wazama umsebenzi wokubhala ngenhliziyo yami yonke, kodwa nokuntengantenga ka isimo zezomnotho nezenhlalo imbongi ophoqelelwe ukushintsha ikusasa yabo. Athanasius Afanasievich e 1845 ingena isikhulu non-ethunywe kwelinye regiments ezisebusweni sifundazwe Kherson, ukuze ukwazi ukuthola izikhulu lezinceku (okuyinto wanika ilungelo nomlawuli isikhulu isikhundla). Wehlukanisile lemfundo, futhi ukuphila enhloko-dolobha, wacishe iyeke ukuba kunyatheliswe futhi ngoba ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga funa izinkondlo omagazini akanandaba izinkondlo zakhe.

A yesehlakalo esibuhlungu ekuphileni feta yakhe siqu

Ngo Kherson kwenzeka eminyakeni predetermined singakunaki ukuphila komuntu imbongi umcimbi edabukisayo: umlilo wabulala intombi yakhe - Maria Lazic, intombazane ngaphandle ilobolo, lapho wanquma ukuthi ngeke ishade ngenxa yawo nobumpofu bawo. Ngemva zokuchithwa feta nge sigameko wakhe ongaziwa iphutha: kusukela amakhandlela kuMariya ingubo yalo ivuthe umlilo, lagijima lashiya isithunzi ensimini, kodwa hhayi abhekana ngayo wokukucima ezingubo zokugqoka ubophekile emsini. Lesi singabhekwa esolwa umzamo intombazane ukuzibulala, futhi emavesini feta ngeke Echoes eside kunomsindo nhlekelele (isibonelo, inkondlo "Lapho ufunda yaseZimbabwe ubuhlungu ...", 1887).

Ukwamukelwa A Lancers eyb Guard

Ngo 1853 kukhona esejika e isiphetho imbongi: wakwazi ukungena Labaqaphi, kumi Petersburg eduze Life Guards Lancers. Manje Athanasius Afanasievich ithuba lokuvakasha inhlokodolobha, baqhubeka nenkonzo yakhe yokuba etemibhalo iqala ukushicilela njalo izinkondlo ku "Contemporary", "iGazethi Russian", "Amanothi we lawobaba", "Library Ukufunda". Efika eduze Ivan Turgenev, uNikolai Nekrasov, Vasiliem Botkinym, Aleksandrom Druzhininym - abahleli "Contemporary". Qamba feta, kwadingeka kakade ingxenye ukhohliwe, ivele ukubuyekezwa, izihloko, umagazini indaba bese kunyatheliswa izinkondlo zakhe kusukela 1854. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev waba umeluleki imbongi, ngisho uzilungiselele olusha lwencwadi imisebenzi yakhe 1856.

Isiphetho imbongi kule minyaka 1856-1877

Ngesikhathi inkonzo Fet babengenalo inhlanhla: njalo some imithetho izikhulu sitholwa njengefa. Ngo-1856 washiya career wezempi hhayi sikwazile ukufeza umgomo waso oyinhloko. In Paris ngo-1857 u-Athanasius Afanasievich waganwa indodakazi ka umthengisi abacebile, Maria Petrovna Botkin, futhi umshini izindlu e Mtsensk. Ngesikhathi, wacishe akazange ukubhala izinkondlo. Njengoba umsekeli ukubukwa ngoludala, Fet omubi kakhulu beqonda ukuqedwa serfdom eRussia futhi, kusukela 1862, waqala ukusakaza izindaba ezilotshiwe njalo "iGazethi Russian", ezilahla kusukela isikhundla zomninindawo oda Umninindawo okuthunyelwe-izinguquko. Eminyakeni 1867-1877 ayezenza imisebenzi imantshi. Ngo-1873, ekugcineni u-Athanasius Afanasievich wathola ukuhlonipheka sitholwa njengefa.

Isiphetho feta ngo-1880

Esikhathini izincwadi, imbongi wabuya kuphela ngo-1880, wathuthela eMoscow futhi acebile. Ngo-1881, iphupho lakhe eside ebesilokhu sinazo lagcwaliseka - edala waya ukuhunyushwa sefilosofi esithandayo, Artura Shopengauera, "Umhlaba njengoba Will futhi Ukumelwa." Ngo-1883, wanyathelisa ukuhunyushwa yonke imisebenzi imbongi UHorace, umkhankaso Fet eminyakeni yakhe umfundi. Ukuze kwesikhathi kusuka 1883 kuya ku-1991, kusebenza kushicilelwe izindaba ezine ukuqoqwa izinkondlo "Kusihlwa Lights".

Esihlatshelelwayo feta: umbono jikelele

Izinkondlo Afanasevicha-Athanasius, izimpande zakhe romantic, uhlobo isixhumanisi phakathi umsebenzi Vasiliya Zhukovskogo no-Aleksandru Blok. Kamuva izinkondlo imbongi ethambekele isiko Tiutchev sika. Ukhiye feta lyric - uthando futhi landscape.

Ngo 1950-1960-yalolucwaningo, ngesikhathi kumiswa Athanasius Afanasevicha njengoba imbongi emhlabeni etemibhalo cishe sovereignly wabusa Nekrasov nabasekeli bakhe - Abalweli Bokholo ukumemeza umphakathi, izinhloso zomphakathi izinkondlo. Ngakho-ke u-Athanasius Afanasievich nge amakghonwabo, singasho, wenza ezimbalwa emva kwesikhathi. Izici isosha feta akamvumelanga ukuba ujoyine iqembu lakhe, futhi Nekrasov. Phela, ngokuvumelana abameleli izinkondlo zomphakathi, izinkondlo kumelwe nakanjani babe ngokwezihloko, enza ze inkinga yami yokucabanga.

izizathu zefilosofi

Zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo feta bawo wonke umsebenzi akhe abonakala landscape, futhi uthando izinkondlo. Nakuba u-Athanasius Afanasievich ngisho wenza ubungani nabantazana izimbongi eziningi umbuthano Nekrasov sika, wagomela ngokuthi ubuciko akufanele kube unesithakazelo kunoma yini ngaphandle ubuhle. Kuphela uthando, imvelo kanye art langempela (imidwebo, umculo, ebaziwe) wathola ngokuvumelana okuhlala njalo. Zefilosofi isosha esihlatshelelwayo feta noma yazama ukubaleka ngangokunokwenzeka kusukela ngokoqobo, ubhekisisa ubumsulwa kuya nokulwela munyu ubuhle kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ukutholwa ngo 1940 Afanasiem Afanasevichem nefilosofi romantic, futhi ngo-1960 - the okuthiwa okumsulwa art theory.

Isimo linqoba emisebenzini yakhe - ecstasy bemvelo, ubuhle, ubuciko, izinkumbulo kanye injabulo. Lawa izici isosha esihlatshelelwayo feta. Ngokuvamile, imbongi wathola motif indiza esuka phansi kude ngemva kunonyezi noma umculo enchanting.

Izingathekiso epithets

Konke okungokwakhe isigaba sublime futhi enhle, endowed enamaphiko, ikakhulukazi umuzwa wokuthi uyamthanda futhi ingoma. Esihlatshelelwayo feta ngokuvamile isebenzisa izingathekiso ezifana "iphupho ezinamaphiko", "ingoma ezinamaphiko," "ihora ezinamaphiko", "amazwi ezinamaphiko uzwakale," "intshiseko eliphefumulelwe" nabanye.

Epithets emisebenzini yakhe akuvamile ukuchaza into uqobo, futhi umbono lyrical lokhu akubona. Ngakho-ke, kungaba ngokunengqondo ofuna ukuphumela obala futhi ezingalindelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-violin ungathola kwencazelo "encibilika". Esivamile feta epithets - "Amaphupho Dead", "inkulumo elimnandi", "iphupho isiliva" nelithi "utshani nilila", "vdovevshaya blue" nabanye.

Ngokuvamile isithombe idwetshwa usebenzisa izinhlangano ezibukwayo. Inkondlo "Umculi" - sibonelo esigqamile. Ibonisa isifiso ukuhumusha umuzwa elakhiwe ingoma Nokuhubela izithombe ezithile nemizwa ehlanganisa isosha feta.

La mavesi kukhona engavamile kakhulu. Ngakho, "amasongo ibanga" nangamaparele "ngobumnene shining 'smile uthando," izwi burns "futhi inyamalala efana" Dawn kolwandle "ukuze yanqamula futhi" igagasi elikhulu. " Izithombe ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokugqamile angazanga ngesikhathi izinkondlo Russian. Baye esungulwe ngokwabo kamuva kakhulu, kuphela kusungulwa Symbolists.

Ekhuluma okudala ngendlela feta, futhi kukhulunywa impressionism, okuyinto esekelwe ngokuqondile nenkanuko edlulele okuvelayo ngokoqobo.

Nature e imbongi

Landscape izinkondlo feta - umthombo ubuhle likaNkulunkulu sokuvuselela angunaphakade ukwehluka. Abagxeki abaningi baye okukhulunywa ukuthi imvelo ochazwa lo mbhali uma iwindi lendlu Manor, noma ngokombono epaki, sengathi ngenhloso ukubangela ngokumthanda. Landscape izinkondlo feta luwukubonakaliswa jikelele wobuhle yindoda zomhlaba.

Nature for Athanasius Afanasevicha - ingxenye yabo "Mina", ngemuva ukuba nakho nemizwa yakhe, mthombo. Esihlatshelelwayo feta uthanda blurs umehluko phakathi ezweni elingaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, umuntu enezimfanelo izinkondlo zakhe akunakubangelwa ebumnyameni, emoyeni, ngisho umbala.

Isikhathi esining impela ubunjalo isosha esihlatshelelwayo feta - landscape ebusuku, njengoba kuba ebusuku, lapho befuna nsuku uthulisa phansi, lo elula yokujabulela olunzulu, ubuhle okungenakubhubhiseka. Kulesi isikhathi sosuku imbongi kungekho amazwibela iziyaluyalu, owuthanda futhi kuyabethusa Tiutchev. Reigns ezifihliwe ntambama ngokuvumelana ngokubabazekayo. Hhayi umoya ebumnyameni, kepha inyanga nezinkanyezi baphume phezulu. Star ukufunda Fet "encwadini umlilo" engunaphakade (le nkondlo "Phakathi izinkanyezi").

Imicu isosha esihlatshelelwayo feta azigcini incazelo yemvelo. SiGaba esikhethekile emsebenzini wakhe yena izinkondlo, anikezelwe abathanda.

Thanda izinkondlo feta

Uthando imbongi - lonke ulwandle imizwelo: ukulangazelela futhi nginamahloni futhi ukujabulela ukusondelana, kanye Apotheosis passion, futhi injabulo wemiphefumulo ezimbili. inkumbulo esankondlo lo mbhali akabazi imingcele, owamsiza ukuthi babhale inkondlo anikezelwe uthando ayenalo ekuqaleni, ngisho eminyakeni yakhe ewohlokayo, njengoba uma lwalusaqhubeka umbono usuku yamuva oyifunayo kakhulu.

Ngokuvamile, imbongi ichaza ukuvela imizwa, le ukukhanyiselwa kakhulu, romantic and bethuthumela izikhathi zalo: touch lokuqala izandla, imibono eside, owokuqala kusihlwa ukungcebeleka engadini, okhipha ezingokomoya abasondelana sizindla ubuhle bemvelo. iqhawe Lyrical uthi lutho esingaphansi kakhulu injabulo, lazise izinyathelo ngakuye.

Landscape nothando izinkondlo feta kuyisikhalo ubunye indivisible. A bezibona ephakeme imvelo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi nakho uthando. Isibonelo esimangalisayo kulesi - miniature "Whisper, umoya unamahloni ..." (1850). Iqiniso lokuthi enkondlweni azikho tento - indlela yokuqala hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi wonke ifilosofi. Asikho isenzo ngoba uchaza ngempela isikhashana nje esisodwa noma uchungechunge zikhathi, fixed kanye oludonsa. I lover isithombe esachazwa elinemininingwane, njengoba ancibilikisa kule scheme jikelele imbongi izinzwa. Akukho portrait okuqinile Heroine - kufanele umphelelisi futhi kabusha ukudala umcabango yomfundi.

Thanda ku isosha esihlatshelelwayo feta ngokuvamile kwahambisana by ezinye izisusa. Ngokwesibonelo, enkondlweni "The Moon lakhanya ebusuku wayegcwele engadini ...." Ngo kanyekanye sihlanganise imizwa ezintathu: ukuhlonishwa umculo, ebusuku oludakayo nokuhlabelela ugqozi, zibe uthando kuye lo oculayo. Zonke umphefumulo imbongi ancibilikisa e umculo ngesikhathi esifanayo e Heroine eshaweni ukucula, okuyinto samuntu ophilayo kwalowo muzwa.

Lokhu inkondlo kunzima zokuhlukanisa nangokunembile bathande isosha esihlatshelelwayo noma nezinkondlo art. Kunalokho kwakuyoba bakuchaza ngokuthi ingoma ukuze ubuhle, ngokuhlanganisa ukuphi yokuveza imizwelo yakho, lwaya yakhe ne subtext ezijulile zefilosofi. isimo sengqondo esinjalo ngokuthi aestheticism.

Athanasius Afanasyevitch wathumba emaphikweni ugqozi ngale khona yasemhlabeni, azizwa uJehova ilingane onkulunkulu, amandla ubuhlakani bakhe olusankondlo kuyalinqoba ukulinganiselwa kwesikhathi samakhono abantu.

isiphetho

Zonke ukuphila nomsebenzi imbongi - search for ubuhle othandweni, nemvelo, ngisho nokufa. uma ayengase akwazi ukuthole? Lo mbuzo uyakwazi ukuphendula ngedwa kuphela ukuqonde ngempela ifa okudala lo mbhali: wezwa umculo yemisebenzi yakhe, wabona landscape imidwebo, ukuzwa ubuhle imigqa zezinkondlo futhi ngafunda ukuthola nobunye emhlabeni.

Sesihlole izisusa main lyric feta, izici umsebenzi omlobi okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, njenganoma yikuphi imbongi Athanasius Afanasievich ubhala isihloko okuphakade yokufa nokuphila. Wayengasabi sokufa okufanayo futhi, nakuphila ( "Amavesi phezu Ukufa"). Ngokufa ngokomzimba imbongi kubhekene nandaba abandayo, futhi khona yasemhlabeni ulungisiswa Afanasiem Afanasevichem Fetom umlilo zokudala kuphela, engaqhathaniswa kuhanjiswa aso "yonke". Umsindo izinkondlo kanye motifs lasendulo (ezifana "Diana"), kanye nomKristu ( "Maria Ave", "Madonna").

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzi feta kungatholakala ezincwadini kwezincwadi Russian lapho isosha esihlatshelelwayo Athanasius Afanasevicha kubhekwe kwezinye imininingwane.