Hydrobromic acid. Izindlela sokulungiselela, ngokomzimba nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali

Hydrobromic acid (obizwa nangokuthi i-hydrogen bromide) - kuyinto kwakwakhe wezinto hydrogen (H) ne uxhumano lokudlulisa (Br). Kuyinto igesi kungenambala, okuyinto yakha inkungu esinzima ezweni umoya onomswakama.

Yiziphi izindlela yokuthola i-hydrogen bromide

Ngenxa izinga eliphakeme oxidizability bromovodoronoy acid, imiphumela yayo ngeke kutholakale esebenzisa kanzulu sulfuric acid ukuze alikhali metal bromides. Eyasabela ngayo kwenzeka:

2KBr (potassium bromide) + 2N2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = K2SO4 (potassium sulfate) + SO2 (sulphur oxide) + Br2 (uxhumano lokudlulisa i-molecule) + 2H2O (amanzi)

1. umkhakha ukuthola acid ezifana hydrobromic, eyenziwa yokusabela lapho amalunga abamelwe asabele. Ngokwesibonelo, izincwadi esizifundayo ketshezi ingatholakala kanje:

H2 (i-hydrogen-molecule) + Br2 (uxhumano lokudlulisa i-molecule) = 2HBr (hydrobromic acid)

Cishe le ndlela yokusabela nokwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa 200 kuya 400 degrees.

2. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthola hydrobromic acid ngaphandle kwesibeletho futhi ngezindlela eziningana.

- by hydrolysis pentabromide noma phosphorus tribromide:

PBr3 (tribromide) + 3H2O (izinhlayiya ezintathu amanzi) = H3PO3 (wali band acid) + 3HBr (hydrobromic acid, amakhemikhali ifomula)
PBr5 (pentabromide) + 4H2O (molecule ezine ngamanzi) = H3PO4 (wali band acid) + 5HBr (hydrogen bromide)

- by nokwehlisa uxhumano lokudlulisa:

3Br2 (izinhlayiya ezintathu uxhumano lokudlulisa) + S (sulphur) + 4H2O (amanzi) = (ukuphendula kungenzeka ezingeni lokushisa 100-150 degrees) H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 6HBr (hydrogen bromide)
3Br2 (izinhlayiya ezintathu uxhumano lokudlulisa) + KNO2 (potassium nitrite) + 4H2O (amanzi) = KNO3 (potassium nitrate) + 2HBr (hydrogen bromide)

- displacing kusho nge alulaze acid esuka alikhali metal bromides:

KBR (potassium bromide) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogensulfate) + HBr (ezikhishwe negesi)

3. Njengoba leyavela hydrogen bromide ingatholakala synthesis organic compounds bromoproizvodnyh.

Izakhiwo hydrogen bromide:

1. hydrobromic acid - gas ngaphandle umbala kokuba nephunga kabi okunoshukela. Kakhulu ebhema emoyeni. It has a ukumelana okushisa.

2. ziyoncibilika Well H2O (amanzi), futhi ethanol esebumba electrolyte. I aqueous isixazululo HBr lwakha azeotrope ukuthi amathumba ezingeni lokushisa 124 degrees. Ngo elilodwa lamanzi ancibilikisa cishe isigamu ilitha hydrogen bromide (at 0 degrees).

3. Kungenzeka Inqubo ukupholisa isixazululo aqueous hydrogen bromide crystalline hydrates uzilungiselele kanje: HBr * H2O, HBr * 2H2O, HBr * 4H2O.

4. Hlanza amafomu bromide zinhlayiya we orthorhombic crystal uhlelo, isikhala iqembu F mmm.

5. At lokushisa -66,8 degrees iba woketshezi, ngezinye - 87 degrees osemanzi.

izakhiwo Chemical hydrogen bromide:

1. acid amafomu hydrobromic by ukusabela ngamanzi abanamandla acid monobasic. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela kanje:

HBr + H2O (amanzi) = Br- (uxhumano lokudlulisa anion) + H3O + (hydronium ion)

Nokho, 2. Le nto linamandla okushisa aphakeme, ngesikhathi 1000 degree angaba ngu-0.5% kubo bonke molecule kukhona ukubola:

2HBr (hydrobromic acid) = H2 (i-hydrogen-molecule) + Br2 (uxhumano lokudlulisa i-molecule)

3. contact Kubhekwe enkompolo chemical ihlangana ezihlukahlukene izinsimbi kanye lezisekelo zazo futhi oxides. Izibonelo ukusabela:

2HBr + MG (magnesium) = MgBr2 (magnesium bromide) + H2 (ezikhishwe negesi)
2HBr + Cao (calcium oxide) = CaBr2 (calcium bromide) + H2O (amanzi)
HBr + NaOH (i-sodium hydroxide) = NaBr (i-sodium bromide) + H2O (amanzi)

4. bromide ubuye ejenti ukunciphisa. It is oxidized emoyeni kancane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izixazululo zayo aqueous emva kwesikhashana ababethi ensundu. ngeke Ukusabela kube ezifana:

4HBr (hydrobromic acid) + O2 (mpilo) = 2Br2 (uxhumano lokudlulisa i-molecule) + 2H2O (amanzi)

isicelo

Bromide isetshenziswa ukudala (zamagama) ezahlukene uxhumano lokudlulisa organic nemikhiqizo kanye ukulungiswa metal bromides ahlukahlukene. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuba bromide esiliva ziye zasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ifilimu izinto lokushicilela.

Kangakanani zokuthutha

I amasilinda 68, noma capacitance ka 6.8 amalitha ngaphansi kwengcindezi of 24 eziphindwe.