Izinhlobo zeSayensi. Isigaba samanje

Ngombono wanamuhla, isayensi yinto evamile kakhulu ngokuhambisana nezici zayo eziyinhloko nezimfanelo zayo. Isiyalo sonke sihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amaningi. Izinhlobo zezesayensi ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye, kuye ngokuthi yiliphi uhlangothi lwamaqiniso, ifomu lempahla abahlolisayo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukukhetha komunye noma omunye indlela yokuqaphela.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi embonweni ososayensi basimanje kuncishiswe kwaba yizibonelo eziningana:

1. Ukwakheka nokubunjwa kwesiyalo ngokucwaninga kososayensi banamuhla bokusebenza kwabaphambili babo.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuvuselelwa kwesayensi. Lo modeli uthatha ushintsho oluvamile emibonweni ekhona, ukuguquka kusuka "esigabeni sokuthula" kuya "esigabeni senkinga".
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesiyalo ngokufinyelela ezimisweni zesayensi yemvelo. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwale modeli, amacebo nezinkambiso zemfundiso, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezemvelo, isebenza njengezinga elijwayelekile. Lokhu kunquma indlela yokuthola ulwazi: kungenzeka ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlola, ubufakazi, ukunemba.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi. Kulesi simo, ukwakhiwa kwesistimu kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nokukhishwa kwezici ezivela ezimbonini ezahlukene ngokusebenzisa izindlela kanye nezinkomba ezivela kwezinye izigaba zolwazi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwaba izinhlobo zezesayensi kwenziwa ngendaba (into), ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kanye nendlela.

Iklasi lokuqala lihlanganisa ukuqondiswa kwemvelo, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye nolwazi ngokucabanga.

Izinhlobo zezesayensi yemvelo yilapho elula kakhulu ekilasini lokuqala. Umphumela wesayensi yezemvelo ukuqondiswa kwemvelo kugcizelela ukukhipha konke okwenziwe umcwaningi ngokwakhe ekucutshungeni. Ngamanye amazwi, umthetho wemvelo noma inkolelo ifakazela ukuthi iqinisile, uma inenjongo ekuqukethwe.

Izinhlobo zezesayensi, ezihlangene esigabeni somphakathi, zimelela isigaba esithile esiyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu. Kulezi ziyalo, ukugcinwa kwesigamu esiphezulu akugcini nje ngokusetshenziswa kwefomu lesimo somqondo, kodwa futhi nesibonakaliso esithile sezindaba zomlando, zenhlalo.

Izinhlobo zezesayensi zokucabanga, kanye namagatsha ezenhlalakahle, zihlangene esigabeni sosizo lwabantu. Kulesi simo, okokuqala kunesici esibonakala ukuthi into into evezwe kumuntu ngamunye noma ekuqaphelisweni komuntu.

Iklasi lesibili liqukethe isayensi ehluke ezindleleni zocwaningo. Ukukhethwa kwalokhu noma leyo ndlela kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nento yezinto (into) efundelwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inani elithile lokuzithoba ekukhethweni.

Isigaba sesithathu sifaka isayensi esetshenzisiwe, esebenzayo, nezobuchwepheshe. Kulolu cala, ohlangothini lwezinhloso lugcina isimo se-conditioning, futhi uhlangothi oluzithobayo luyanda ekunqumeni ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwezimpumelelo. Wonke amagatsha alesi sifundo asekelwe enhlanganisweni. Kuhilela ukubambisana kwehlangothini lomgomo (umthetho wemvelo) kanye nomzuzu wokuzithoba.