Soviet ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu umgibeli esitimela IS: umlando, izici lobuchwepheshe

1937 kwaba-mlando Paris ngenxa Umhlaba Expo elaliqhutshwa lapho. "Ukucinga" (igama obathandayo we esitimela umgibeli "Iosif Stalin") ithole elikhuluphalisiwe Grand Prix. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba esitimela amakhulu eYurophu. Ngenxa yalokho izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali emlandweni eSoviet umusi esitimela.

Ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Intuthu Engine kwaba inguqulo Umgibeli kule ekhona kakade wezimpahla umusi Wand "UFeliksi Dzerzhinsky", ekhiqizwa kusuka ngo-1931 kuya 1941 ngesikhathi Lugansk esitimela isitshalo. It yadalwa ngenxa anda izikhathi eziningana ivolumu inzuzo - ezweni kwaba kwezimboni. Intuthu Engine kwaba ohlobo 1-4-2. Kusho ukuthini? WayeyiZwi oluvala amasondo ukushayela 4, a muller futhi 2 ukwesekwa ohlakeni eqinile. On IS20-241 imodeli wethulwa Fair Wezwe. Umbono uvele ngazwilinye - lokhu esitimela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe.

Esitimela entsha

Ngu ekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa lesi simangaliso ubuchwepheshe usumisiwe kakade e-United States amakhanda enamandla abagibeli traffic - "Intaba," "Hudson" futhi "Lokovanna". esifanayo Ifomula Axial njengoba ICS, waba North American wezimpahla yenethiwekhi Berkchir. Kodwa kungenjongo bahluke ezicini ezithile esitimela Soviet eyenzelwe esindayo leposi kanye tekutfutsa bagibeli olude, ezihambayo ngejubane kancane imikhondo esindayo ezifana "2a".

izimo saziso

Intuthu Engine akazange aphume avelaphi. Soviet umusi esitimela waqala ukuthuthukisa ne-yalolucwaningo 20 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Banikezwe isipiliyoni zanqwabelana Kolomna isitshalo iphrojekthi esitimela "Mikado" yadalwa ngo-1929. Kodwa umsebenzi ayifakiwe, futhi ngo-1931 waqala ukwakha esitimela namandla kakhulu. Enye yezimfuneko zokusinda main kwaba interchangeability esiphezulu izingxenye nge uchungechunge umusi injini "UFeliksi Dzerzhinsky". Ngaphezu kwalokho, Engine Steam kwakufanele traction, 50% kunaleyo uhlobo umusi Wand SU, noma "sithuthukiswe Sormovo" ( "Dry"), ekhiqizwa ngo-1924.

izinhlelo singcono kakhulu

Ngo-February, indaba emfushane lanikezwa Central Bureau of esitimela umklamo esinemininingwane, futhi ngo-Ephreli igcwaliswe izibalo. Izinhloso abangu kudlulwe - abaklami wakwazi ukwenza nezilandiso nge PD akuzona kuphela uMbhalo, Boiler, oluvala amasondo amabhokisi, enama-asi nezinye izingxenye, benza kungenzeka ukusebenzisa iqhinga lokuphamba entwasahlobo ukumiswa (uhlelo ukulungisa bodywork). Ngo-April, ukuthuthukiswa kuwa isitshalo Amahhovisi design esitimela e Kolomna, okuyinto, ne kweqhaza Izhora ibhizinisi ekuqaleni-October 1932 ekhiqizwa esitimela kuqala.

Angaphezu kuka ukusebenza umxhwele

Ekupheleni kuka-December kulo nyaka, yabuthelwa a esitimela yesibili. Zonke 1933 le imodeli wenziwa okuzoqondiswa e nojantshi ezintathu - South, Catherine no-Okthoba. Amandla Ngokwesilinganiso, okuyinto ebonisa ukuthi wayengabuhloniphi esitimela ka 2,500 HP, kanye kanye kuyanda 8% endaweni "eMoscow Bologoe" Wafinyelela 3400 hp Imidiyeni kuyizikhathi engaphezu kwemibili (kuhlelwe-50% kuphela) lidlule nomthamo "omiswe". I ngobukhulu emasontweni aseYurophu futhi iye nokuphoqa kubhayela (80 kg / m ² • h), okuyinto kudlulwe ngisho irekhodi "FD" (65 kg / m ² • h).

Beka sokusakaza

Ngesikhathi esilandelayo party Congress, owawuse-1934, kwaba obalulekile isinqumo - Steam Engine uchungechunge ( "Iosif Stalin") okulandelayo, icala lesibili uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu kufanele kube main umgibeli wesitimela kuleli paki yezwe. Kodwa Kolomna ifektri azange abe namandla, ubhekana mass ukugeleza amakhanda ezinjalo. Ekupheleni kuka-1935 badedelwa eziyisithupha kuphela. Nokho, elakhiwa 1927-1931 esisha isitshalo Voroshilov umshini ifektri ungase unikeze ukugeleza lapho kukhululwa amakhanda sokuvimba amasilinda futhi yisikwele ozimele.

Ngisho kangcono, sihle

Ukuze eyodwa kuphela ngo-1936 it wadedelwa 3 esitimela. Eminye imininingwane kuqhathaniswa Kolomna umusi injini ithuthukisiwe, isibonelo, le mishini abe ithenda 6-oluvala amasondo esikhundleni 4-oluvala amasondo, okuyinto yayikhona eyisithupha edlule. amanzi yamathenda wayebe ukuma ephephile futhi side ngaphezulu, ethuthukisa ukubukeka injini futhi lonke isitimela. Futhi kakade 1937 sihlahla ngokuchofoza ukukhiqizwa emikhulu, ukhiqiza 105 abahamba izitimela zamalahle. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, 174 izingcezu, wadedelwa ngo-1940, ngaphambi kokuba impi ngo-1941, has 81 esitimela. Kugcine umusi injini salolu chungechunge laqedwa ukwakhiwa e-Ulan-Ude ngo-1942. Ubude amakhanda "Iosif Stalin" kwakhululwa amayunithi 649.

imodeli zokuhlola

Ngo-1937, i-Engine Steam edalwa njengendodana experiment 20 16. imodeli kwase faired. Wena ukubheka esitimela futhi iyavumelana abantu bebuza ukuthi kungani, okwenza le mishini eyinkimbinkimbi emuva ngo-1937, manje izwe othenga yokufana kwawo phesheya? Ikakhulukazi ngoba ngisho ngo-1930, ngo-emgudwini womoya ziye kwenziwe ukuhlolwa olunzulu injini in a izindlu ovikelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi sibonga amandla ifomu ungakwazi ukunqoba 200-250 hp, anda isivinini. Esitimela yale fomu amasondo disc kungaqala ngifinyelele 160 km / h, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa khona irekhodi ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle, kwaba kakhulu, tebuciko kakhulu.

izingcweti Soviet

I gumbi kuyinto ekupheleni a esitimela umusi. Amathenda kwayena amane bogies ezimbili. IC esitimela kwaba ifakwe Westinghouse ukubopha. Kungase kube wanezela ukuthi kubhayela kwaba firebox ububanzi, okuyinto ngaphezu Uhlaka futhi kwadingeka American-isitayela inkatho ophahleni kanye egumbini amandla omlilo. Ngokuyisimangaliso Soviet umcabango lobuchwepheshe kwaba Steam Engine 20 16 kabani Ukucaciswa babephelele ukuze akazange zivumelana imigwaqo. Izincwajana zemininingwane, eholwa izinjini ezifana njengoba kubekiwe kumtheshwana Soviet izikhathi courier. Ukucaciswa okuningiliziwe, bawazisa labo onekhono, ayatholakala kabanzi.

enye idatha

Omunye kungaba kuphela uqaphele ukuthi esitimela "Iosif Stalin" kwadingeka izimbazo eziyisikhombisa. Kulawa, ezine babehola. PD kusukela injini, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ayevelele ngefomula isondo. isisindo salo sikhulu elilingana amathani 133, mass elihlangana 88 m, ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha - 100-115 km / h. Lezi amakhanda ezisebenza nge esishisa bhé umusi kanye umshini cylinder ezimbili ezilula.

Ukuziqhenya ubunjiniyela - IS esitimela - kuboniswe izitembu ezintathu Soviet. A ifilimu Soviet ethandwa wakhululwa ngemva kwempi ( "Isitimela eya empumalanga"), lokhu esitimela ungaphakathi spotlight.