Ukuhlaziywa kwe-inkondlo Akhmatova "AboMdabu Land" futhi prehistory yayo

1961. inkondlo Ibhalwe 'Bona Izwe Native ". Kuleso sibhedlela Leningrad eminyakeni yamuva, impilo imbongi, ne isiqubulo esithi izinkondlo zakhe.

kungani umhlaba

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-inkondlo Akhmatova "umhlaba Native" kufanele uqale ngokuphendula umbuzo: "Kungani umhlaba bomdabu, hhayi ezweni, hhayi Russia?"

Inkondlo okulotshwe lamashumi amabili ne ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yesibili. Kodwa Akhmatova ubhala hhayi mayelana zezwe kanye mayelana izwe lazo lendabuko, inhlabathi evundile - umhlengikazi. Ngu sixties isiko ukukhulekela umhlaba esedlule, kodwa Akhmatova siqiniseke ukuthi namanje uhlala imemori wemiphefumulo le zobuhlanga zabanye abantu. Futhi yebo, "kungcono enenhlabathi galoshes", kodwa ngaphandle Russia ndawo. Lolu daka feeds kwethu siphinde othola ekupheleni ohambweni lokuphila. Esikhathini imigqa imbongi lusho lukhulu. Asikho isidingo ukuqamba izinkondlo ngokulingenela ilizwe, kodwa kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yezwe lenkaba yethu.

lenkaba Isihloko njalo kwakuzwakala izinkondlo Anny Andreevny. Kwakungekhona ukwethembeka nje, kodwa inkonzo kuya lawobaba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi ukulingwa. Akhmatova kwaba njalo nabantu. Eduze. Ndawonye. Akazange ukubheka abantu bomdabu kusuka phezulu phansi, njengabanye izimbongi.

Kungani eRussia, futhi umhlaba? Ngenxa imbongi uthatha ekhaya hhayi njengezwe, kanye izwe lapho wazalwa izimpilo. Yena ingamukeli zezombusazwe uhlelo, ukucindezelwa futhi impi. Kodwa uyabuthanda ezweni, nabantu ophila, futhi ukulungele ukuba akhuthazele bonke ubunzima.

Kuleli wabhala ngo-1922. "Hhayi nalabo ngi ..." - it is kusukela kulo mugqa lokugcina inkondlo kuya epigraph athathwa. Futhi kwaphela amashumi eminyaka amane, kumnyama noma kubomvu, Uyibheka kanjani ezweni lakubo ayikashintshi. Futhi kwaba phakathi naleyo minyaka engu-40, eziningi imidlalo ebanga usizi, futhi isiphetho salo, futhi isiphetho ezweni.

Ukubaluleka komlando

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-inkondlo Akhmatova "umhlaba Native" akukwazi ephelele uma ungazi indaba izimpilo imbongi. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nesibindi futhi abathembekile ukuba ungadikibali amazwi nezinkolelo zabo kweminyaka engamashumi amane edlule, uma ungazi ukuthi okwaba kuleyo minyaka.

Ukuhlaziya izinkondlo Anna Akhmatova "umhlaba Native" kufanele kuqale hhayi ngendlela yendabuko - ne ukuhlaziya imilolotelo kanye nezinye izinto, ngeke isebenze. Futhi ukuqala elaliphambi ukuba kubhalwe le nkondlo empilweni yami, "Anna of All Russia", njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo abantu bangesikhathi sakhe. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho wenza kanjalo uyokuqonda incazelo ejulile umsebenzi, ebuhlungu futhi wonke izwe, etshaliwe kuwo.

Ngo-1921 Akhmatova uzwa ukuthi umngane wakhe oseduze kokushiya Russia. Nansi indlela ke iphendula Ukuhamba othandekayo: ithi "Hhayi nalabo mina owaliphonsa umhlaba." Inkondlo ebhalwe ngonyaka ozayo futhi kufakwe iqoqo Anno Domini. Kulesi senkondlo, ukucasuka, intukuthelo, futhi civil esiqokiwe ngokugcwele isikhundla. Isikhundla, okuyinto ukuba ushintsho ngenxa izenzakalo ezalandela, kodwa ngiqinile kuphela.

Life phakathi izinkondlo ezimbili

Kusukela ngo-1923 kuya ku-1940, Annu Andreevnu ukuphrinta. Futhi kunzima kuye. Yelashwa ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu engesobala. Kodwa kwakungeyona siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke. Ngo-1935, waboshwa, indodana yakhe Leo. Kanye umyeni wakhe, kodwa sizosheshe ikhishwe. Futhi Leo, ngemva kokukhululwa emfushane lapho aphinde waboshwa khona. Eminyakeni emihlanu Akhmatova wahlala ukungezwani nokwesaba - makayithethelele indodana yakhe noma cha.

umoya livela 1940 amathemba; imbongi ikuvumela ukuphrinta, abanye abantu ukhululeka emakamu kaStalin. Kodwa ngo-1941 impi iqala. Indlala, ukwesaba, basishiye.

Ngo-1946, lapho kubonakala, siye saba buthaka kuheleza ukucwaninga, Annu Andreevnu axoshwe Writers 'Union futhi iyakwenqabela ukuphrinta amaqoqo zayo. Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye bancishwa okokuziphilisa. Ngo-1949, waphinde waboshwa indodana Anny Andreevny, futhi futhi kuba kuhambisana amaphasela.

Ngo-1951, kwathiwa kwehliswa Union of Abalobi. Ngo-1955 walulama imbongi abangenamakhaya endlini encane edolobhaneni Komarovo, eduze Leningrad, ngemva eviction Lesiphethu House ngoMashi 1952. Nokho, ekujaheni kushicilelwe. Futhi eminyakeni embalwa poems Akhmatova ekhiqizwa samizdat.

Ngo-May 1960, e-Anny Andreevny iqala intercostal neuralgia, athwala isifo senhliziyo eziningana, iqala nosizi izibhedlela. Ekulesi simo ungu- esibhedlela ngesikhathi sokulotshwa kwencwadi "umhlaba Native". Uzothini nokuzinikela okudingekayo ukuze ifa ukuze afeze ngokusebenzisa ukulahlekelwa uthando lwakhe ezweni hhayi ukushintsha ubuzwe.

Traditional inkondlo ukuhlaziywa Akhmatova "AboMdabu Land"

Lo msebenzi imayelana nothando okungenamibandela ezweni lakubo, kodwa leli gama elithi "uthando" engekho. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya izinkondlo Anna Akhmatova "umhlaba Native", kulula ukuqonda ukuthi isikhishiwe ngamabomu. Inkondlo yakhiwa kangangokuthi ngisho ngaphandle izwi wembula uthando ezweni lakubo. Ngenxa yalesi dvuchastnost isicelo umkhiqizo, nokuyinto ezwakalayo ngoba usayizi.

Ukushintsha usayizi lokubanjwa iso lakho uma afeze umgomo wokuhlaziya inkondlo 'Bona Izwe Native ". zonke zibuyisane ngokucacile Akhmatova. Shestistopny iambus - lokuqala imigqa 8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathatha anapaest - trehstopny, nangemva - chetyrehstopnym. Pentameter - uyaphika ukuthi imbongi akufakwanga ekuqondeni uthando. Anapaest - ukuvunyelwa incazelo elula. Le ndoda - liyingxenye yezwe, futhi ngokukhululekile bakubheka njengodumo yakhe - uthando.

Kufanele kuqashelwe futhi ukubaluleka igama elithi "umhlaba", ngokuhlaziya inkondlo 'Bona Izwe Native ". Akhmatova abayisebenzisa njengesiqondiso pair. Enkondlweni, amagugu ezimbili. Eyokuqala - indawo lapho we zwa phoqoka yodwa, endaweni okufanele lingadilizelwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani. Esesibili - inhlabathi, umlotha, "ukungqubuzana kwezingqimba ezinkulu on the amazinyo." bonke nje lapha. Epithet ( "Uthembise" njll), futhi "ukrashatelnaya" isichazamazwi ( "ukuvula futhi", "njengentelezi") bahlale okokuqala, ingxenye iambic. Ingxenye yesibili siqukethe lomdabu, akukho tichasiso. Konke lula kakhulu, kodwa ajulile. Uthando lweqiniso ayidingi bokubanga.