Ukwakhiwa komthetho

Umqondo nesakhiwo sohlelo lomthetho lunikezwa ngesakhiwo semithetho esemthethweni nesigaba, okubandakanya imigomo, kanye nezimboni kanye nezikhungo ezihlanganisa lezi zimiso. Ngokwencazelo yezimfundiso, into eyakhayo eyinhloko yinto evamile. Isakhiwo senqubo yezomthetho iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinhlinzeko ezahlukene. Zisetshenziswa lapho zilawula ubudlelwane obuhlukahlukene bezenhlalakahle. Kulesi simo, kukhona ubudlelwane obuvamile phakathi kwezici zomthethonqubo kanye nalokho okushiwo ubuhlobo. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo somthetho sinikeza ukuthi ukulawulwa kobudlelwane obuhambisanayo kwenziwa ngezimiso zomyalelo ofanayo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ngaphakathi kwesiyalo zonke izinqubo zihlangene zibe amagatsha kanye nezikhungo.

Isikhungo somthetho yisethi yezimiso zomyalelo ofanayo olawula uhlobo oluthile lobuhlobo emphakathini. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sezomthetho sempahla emkhakheni wobudlelwane bomthetho womphakathi simelwe ngendlela yezinhlobo zohlobo olulodwa, ubudlelwane obuxhunyanisiwe nokulawula obuhlobene nempahla. Ezinye izikhungo zomthetho zomphakathi namanye amagatsha omthetho bachazwa ngendlela efanayo.

Igatsha libizwa ngokuthi iqoqo lezinkambiso zomyalelo ofanayo, oklanyelwe ukulawula ubudlelwane bobuhlobo bomhlobo othile.

Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo somthetho sihlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ezivezwe yizikhungo ezimboni efanayo. Umehluko ukhona phakathi kwamaqembu ezinkambiso ezizimele.

Kunamagatsha omthetho wenqubo kanye nomthetho. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa inhlanganisela yezenhlalakahle zomphakathi, zabasebenzi, izigebengu kanye nezinye. Igatsha lezinqubo liqukethe isethi yenqubo yomphakathi, inqubo yobugebengu nezinye izinhlinzeko.

Amagatsha kanye nemigomo yomthetho oqhamukayo yakha imisebenzi yokuqala kanye namalungelo ezihloko endaweni ethile yokulawulwa kobudlelwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlinzeko nezinqubo zokulungisa izinqubo kanye nezinqubo, ngokuhambisana nokuthi yiziphi izinkambiso, imisebenzi kanye namathuba abathintekayo ezinhlotsheni zomthetho ezenziwa ngenqubo.

Izinhlinzeko zezinqubo, imikhakha emincane, izimboni kanye nezikhungo zinikeza ukuqiniseka okusemthethweni ebuhlotsheni babalingisi abahlukene ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokumiswa komthetho, pravoustanovitelnoy nokusebenza komthetho. Ngenxa yalezi zimiso, sonke isakhiwo somthetho sithola isiqiniseko esingokomthetho endaweni yokufeza inkululeko namalungelo ngabanye.

Ngaphakathi kwemikhakha engaphansi kwemikhakha yenziwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo somthetho sigcizelela ukwakhiwa kwemikhakha efanele yezinqubo noma ezibonakalayo ngaphakathi kwemikhakha yempahla.

Lezi zingxenye ezinkulu kakhulu zomkhakha zihlanganisa iqembu lezikhungo zomthetho ezihambisanayo. Ngokuvamile, ekuqaleni kwakhiwa ngesisekelo sezinkampani eziningana (noma eyodwa) zomthetho, izigaba ezincane (ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi) kancane kancane zizimele eziyunithi ezintsha ezizimele.

Ezincwadini zomthetho, isiyalo sihlukaniswe ezindaweni zomphakathi nezizimele. Ngakho, thola imboni yomthetho yomphakathi. Zibandakanya isakhiwo somthethosisekelo, ukuphatha, izinqubo zomphakathi , izigebengu, izinqubo zenqubo yobugebengu . Amagatsha omthetho wangasese, isibonelo, umphakathi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwehlukana kwesiyalo somphakathi nesimfihlo kwenziwa ngabameli bamaRoma. Ukunikezwa kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi semigomo yomphakathi kwakuhambisana nesimiso esasisekelwe kuzo. Isihloko saleso siyalo sihlanganisa (kanye nokutadisha umthetho ngokujwayelekile) ukutadisha okuhambisanayo negunya lomphakathi (ukuhumusha ngokomthetho nokuqonda isimo).