Umlando kanye nencazelo "isimo oda"

Umlando Russia has a lot of imigomo izenzakalo isici elibangela ubunzima abafundi. Omunye imiqondo le iyona isimo umyalelo, lwenziwa XVII - XVIII eminyaka, indima yokuba umphenyi, futhi indikimba ebusayo.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo udaba itholakala lokuthi ukuthi igama elithi "ukuze" ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze ishintshile nencazelo yalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abafundi abaningi balahlekelwa sebehlanjululwe wayala: "Nweba imiqondo value. Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo ye-oda -? Kuyini "Kulesi simo, iphutha okwedlulele kuyinto ukuzama ukuphendula umbuzo, esekelwe ukwethulwa lolimi lwanamuhla ?.

Igama elithi "ukuze" - imfuneko noma igunya?

Ukuze ufunde ukuthi zisho ukuthini "isimo oda" imiqondo futhi acacise ayifeza kumiswa umbuso Russian, kubalulekile ukuqonda umsuka wenkulumo ethi "ukuze". Dictionary Modern uchaza izwi kanje: ". Umyalo, kuncike ekukhipheni esiqinile" Nokho, leli gama laqanjwa esanda kutholakala. ERussia, Nokho, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu xv, wabizwa ngokuthi ngomyalo neziphathimandla emaphakathi obhekene ingxenye ethile ukukhathazeka emphakathini. Ngakho, Prince Ivan Iii, kuphelile ubunye principalities ezahlukene Slavic, siguqulwe Russian elawula uhlelo ngokudlulisela oda esiphezulu igunya - sibonelo zezinkonzo yesimanje. ukuze amanxusa, Local, Street, nje Pushkarsky ... Nge isikhulu noma inkosi uhlelo olusha ngamunye Liyanezela, kodwa kuze uPetru mina akasoze ayeka ukuba khona.

Ukubukeka kwamakhasi isimo ye-oda

Leli gunya ukweleta ukubukeka kwayo emizaneni ezimbili ezincane edude Moscow - Semenovsk futhi isimo, okuyinto ngo 1682 wadingiselwa Tsar abasha uPetru nomama wakhe. Zonke amandla bagxila ezandleni ibamba - uSophia, futhi umkhakha ngoba uPetru okunikezwe ezimbili "ezihlekisayo" ibutho. Phatha bonke ezomnotho nezinye zalezi regiments bathunyelwa wadala ngokukhethekile le njongo Preobrazhensky oda.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba abasha UPetro waseqala iqhaza kwezwe, leli-oda "okuhlekisayo" ukushintsha ukuthi asho ukuthini. Basisiza kuye nabangane Peter abasha, bakhula amapulani kuqala izinguquko ezinkulu, saxoxa ngesidingo sokuba nomkhankaso wempi ngokumelene Turkey. Ukuqondisa oda Peter A. ukubeka omunye abangane bakhe abaseduze - Prince Fedora Yurevicha Romodanovskogo.

Icala lokuqala abakhuthele isimo ye-oda

Ngo 1689, Princess UZandile azame ukugumbuqela umbuso ngokugcwele futhi babe indlovukazi. Kwakuthinta osekelwa regiments Royal kumi eMoscow. Funny regiments, eholwa isikhulu Romodanovsky, baphoqeleka empini yakhe yokuqala sina futhi unqobe. UZandile wadingiselwa Novodevichy Sezindela, kanye isimo komyalelo wokungabi inhlangano ibhizinisi elincane isibe omunye iziphathimandla zomphakathi ezibaluleke kakhulu. Saphathwa ezokuvikeleka eMoscow ngobugebengu zezombusazwe e 1698 yena wanikezwa ilungelo elehlukile angahluleli noyedwa ubugebengu ngokumelene nenkosi noma emandleni obukhosi.

Kuyinto lokhu inhlangano wokubusa enamandla uPetru mina ubophekile eziningana ezoqeda uthuli, ukushushiswa betembusave sikaPetru nokubulawa wezimpi ezalandela. Umqondo "Preobrazhensky" baba vu yasendlini, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ukuzihlanganisa nabantu nge esabekayo emakamelweni sokuhlushwa iyinkathazo futhi ekujezisweni ngesihluku.

Nokho, eqinisweni, umsebenzi kule oda babe ubanzi kakhulu: kufika ukudalwa iSigele e-1711, eneminyaka engu-main ebusayo yezwe ngokungabi bikho inkosi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi iqhaza uPetru mina Embassy Omkhulu eYurophu kwaba isimo ukuze kulungiswe zonke izinkinga zangaphakathi.

Preobrazhensky indima abacindezela Musketeers kuvukela

Omunye ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, okungase iqhaza isikhulu okhonzile Romodanovsky, kwaba strelets ukuvukelwa 1698. Kuthunyelwe (esikhundleni ukuphumula eyayithenjisiwe) ukukhonza ku Luka Omkhulu regiments wangafuna ukulalela imiyalo. Futhi bathuthela ukukhulula Princess UZandile - ". Wamhambela kubo" okuyinto, ngokungafani uPetru, Strelets kuvukela ngesihluku ukuyiveza. Ngomyalo wabaholi uPetru abacibisheli ezingaphezu kuka-300, baboshwa futhi waphenywa ngemibuzo e SVEZA isimo oda. Ukubaluleka kwalo mcimbi sokuthuthukiswa Russia wawumkhulu: kwakungemva kokuba isiphithiphithi e 1698 strelets ibutho yahlakazeka futhi ababange besaba khona kuze kube phakade.

Ezweni lonke, ukuthi singabantu abazohlola nabo Musketeers. Abaningi abahlanganyeli nokuvukela unyamalale emigodini ye isimo umyalelo, nakakhulu abulawa obala ku Red Square ngokuba ngawokwakha yabanye. Lo mcimbi edabukisayo ethumba Vasily Surikov in umdwebo wakhe "Ekuseni Wokuthathwa Kwempahla le Strelets '."

Inkathi Empire inkathi

Eminyakeni elandelayo, isimo se-oda kwaqala emaphakathi ngaphezulu umphenyi negunya zokwahlulela. Kusukela 1702 lapho baqala batibute ngalokujulile wonke umuntu "wayetshela izwi eliphathelene nobukhosi" (ie, kwadingeka ulwazi mayelana itulo okusondelayo noma izingxoxo alibheke).

Ngo 1718 ihhovisi imfihlo yasungulwa Petersburg, elithole nemisebenzi isimo ye-oda enyakatho, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kokubili zalezi zinhlangano ziye benziwe eyodwa. Kulapha, ku uPetru noPawulu Fortress, lapho kwakukhona khona ehhovisi imfihlo, olwenziwa endabeni Tsarevich Alexei - indodana ka Peter mina, osolwa ngokuba imbuka. izindlela kokuphenywa ezihilela sokuhlushwa azishintshiwe ngisho Alexei Petrovich, kanye kuqiniseka kwakusekelwe yakhipha maduze. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba ukubulawa indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi akazange aphile isikhathi eside: Juni 26, yena utholakale eshonile esitokisini sakhe sasesisiliswa.

Iminyaka lokugcina isimo ye-oda

Zonke Petrine inkathi isimo oda ngumgogodla kombuso. Expanded amandla akhe ukushintsha igama: kunjalo, 1702, le nhlangano zaba njengamathonsi okwesikhashana "Inkantolo jikelele" ezaziwayo. Ekupheleni wokubusa uPetru mina, le oda yayinelungelo lokugunyaza ukuba ifune futhi ahlulele iziboshwa zezombusazwe, zazifakwa ukuphenya amacala obugebengu, ukuze afeze nokubulawa, ngisho ukulawula ukudayiswa ugwayi. Esikhundleni Fedor Romodanovsky kwafika indodana yakhe, u-Ivan Romodanovsky, ukuhola emsebenzini umphenyi lobugebengu isifakwe Andrey Ushakov.

Lose ukubaluleka kwabo brainchild of uPetru wayengomunye kuphela ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Catherine mina uqambe inhlangano iHhovisi isimo, esaziwa kakhulu kwamandla ayo. Futhi 1729 Emperor uPetru II ekugcineni waqeda igunya kokuxosha ubasi wakhe kanye nokudlulisela zonke ibhizinisi Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye Supreme Council.