Kuyini amaSulumane amakhulu?

Umthengisi nomhlinzeki oyinhloko wobuphekula eNyakatho Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naphesheya kwalezi zifunda yilokho okuthiwa amaSulumane amakhulu. Ihlale iveza ngezindlela ezahlukene, kepha amafomu ayisisekelo asevele eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Kuyinto ukuqhuma kweNew York World Trade Center, ubudlova obubhekene namaKristu eCoptic eGibhithe, impi yombango ezweni lase-Algeria, umzamo wezombangazwe abangavumelani nabaholi bamazwe afana no-Mohammed Budiaf, Anwar Sadat noHosni Mubarak ... Futhi lena yingxenye encane yalezo zihlukumezi , Okuyinto ithatha Islam enkulu.

Incazelo

Kumelwe ngitshele ukuthi le nkulumo yenzelwe osopolitiki baseNtshonalanga futhi yathathwa kalula yizintatheli ezenza isitembu esithandwayo. Kodwa-ke, ake sichaze: amaSulumane amakhulu - yikuphi, ukuthi avelaphi, futhi yiziphi izindlela zokulwa nalo? Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba namuhla le mibono, ngokumelene nengqikithi yezinkinga zomphakathi nezombusazwe, njengamanye amazwe ase-Arab nase-Afghanistan, iyingozi enkulu emhlabeni wonke, igcwalisa ukuvuthwa kwezepolitiki nezombusazwe okuye kwavela e-Central Asia.

Okokuqala, amaSulumane amakhulu kakhulu ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngendlela engabonakaliyo futhi engenakuphikiswa okuholela ekuthuseni komuntu ngamunye noma okukhulu, ukuthunjwa nokubulawa kwabantu, njll. Ubudlova obunjalo, ubugqila nokuhweba kwabantu, kanye nokubukeka kwezingqikithi zamaSulumane, Noma yikuphi imizwa efudumele yalolu kholo ngokujwayelekile kanye no Allah ngokukhethekile, njengoba bekhuluma egameni likaNkulunkulu wabo. Futhi ngokushesha kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi lokhu kuhamba akufanele neze kubonakale ngokholo lobuSulumane.

Amazwe lapho amaSulumane amakhulu aqala ukubusa khona

Emazweni lapho iningi labantu lingamaSulumane, kunezinye izinhlangothi. Isibonelo, abalondolozileyo eSaudi Arabia, abalandeli bomsebenzi wesimanje eGibhithe. Kodwa imifudlana emikhulu e-Islam lapha isenza njengamandla amakhulu (hhayi nje kuphela amabutho ezombusazwe, kodwa futhi ezenhlalakahle). Bakhetha isimo sengqondo kukho konke okwenzekayo - kokubili kuleli zwe nasemhlabeni. Lezi zinhlangothi zisebenza manje emazweni amathathu: i-Sudan, i-Iran ne-Afghanistan.

I-Ideology

Manje ake sibone ukuthi abantu bahileleke kanjani kumaSulumane amakhulu, ukuthi yikuphi futhi ukuthi konke kubukeka kanjani ekusebenzeni. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-Islamist amakhulu kakhulu ukuqinisekisa wonke umuntu ukuthi usesengozini yokufa lapho ebhekene nalokho okuthiwa ubuthi obusentshonalanga, okuhambisana nawo ngaphandle kokuthunjwa noma ukungena ngaphakathi, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili, kodwa ukukhohliswa imibono yanamuhla yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo neyezwe, kanye nokunye Indlela yokuphila.

Ukuqeda ukwesaba okunjalo kungaba kuphela ukuzibusa kwe-Islam, umbusi ophelele wesifundazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaSulumane eqiniso kufanele afulathele noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwemibono yaseNtshonalanga, futhi ajoyine enye yezinyunyana zokuzithandela. Izinhlangano ezinjalo zenzelwe ukuzama ukubamba amandla esifundazweni futhi ngokugcwele zikhulise umthelela wethonya ngokufaka ngaphakathi amalungu abo emisebenzini ekhethiwe ekuboniseni ezohwebo nezokusebenza, ephalamende.

Ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wabo wokugcina, ama-radicals kuqala afuna ukuyekethisa uhulumeni wamanje, ewubiza ngokuthi i-lackey yaseNtshonalanga kanye nomlingani womuntu wesimanje wezwe ongumuntu ongekho kuwo wonke amaSulumane. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni kuthiwa uyisitha samaSulumane, futhi wonke amalungu obuholi bezwe angathembekile. Futhi njengobufakazi bokuthi akusebenzi imithetho yamaSulumane ngokuphathelene nazo zonke izici zokuphila kuhulumeni.

Izizathu zokuqothulwa kwamaSulumane

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukukhalaza kobudlova nokwesaba kwabangelwa ukucindezelwa kukahulumeni ngokwawo. Isibonelo salokhu singashushiswa eGibhithe ngamalungu ama-Muslim brotherhoods kuma-50s ekhulwini elidlule. Ngenxa yenqubomgomo enjalo engacatshangelwayo ka-Abdel Gamal Nasser, ama-currents yamaSulumane athola ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo esicacile yilesi sigameko esibulalayo esihleliwe yi-Hamas ngo-1982 eSiriya, kanye nesenzo esihlomile ngokumelene nezihlubuki zase-Iraqi Shiite eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva.

Ngabe amaSulumane aphikisanayo afuna?

Kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile lokho ukunyakaza okukhulu kwamaSulumane okufeza futhi yimiphi imithetho abazama ukuyibeka emazweni abo. Ochwepheshe baseNtshonalanga bahlolisisa imisebenzi yamaSulumane aseMelika eSudan nase-Iran. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela ukuthi lezi zintuthuko ziphula imithetho ethile ephathelene namalungelo abantu, okungukuthi isimo sengqondo kumaqembu ezenhlalakahle ajwayelekile okubandlululwa emazweni aseSulumane (abambalwa abathi bangenkolo ehlukile, nabesifazane).

Ngokuqondene nalezi zinsuku, ziphoqelelwe ukuba zigqoke izingubo ezinjengetende okuthiwa i-chadra. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayavunyelwe ukuvakashela izindawo lapho amadoda nabesifazane bevame ukuba khona ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibonelo, ama-cinema, inkulumo kanye namabhola, njll. Futhi abafundi banikezwa amabhasi ahlukene ukuze bafunde endaweni yabo yokutadisha. Kakade emazweni amathathu - i-Afghanistan, i-Iran neSudan - amaSulumane aselethe umthetho we-Sharia, ngokusho ukuthi ubufakazi bendoda eyodwa bungalinganisa indaba efanayo yabesifazane ababili.

Noma yikuphi lapho ama-radicals esemandleni, kukhona ukushushiswa okuqhubekayo kwabantu abankolo ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, amaKristu asePalestina ashushiswa ngabalandeli bakaHamas, eningizimu yeSudan abantu bezinye izinkolo bavame ukuba izisulu zombuso wamaSulumane kaHassan Al-Turabi, nase-Upper Egypt bawabhubhise ngempela amaCopt.

Umuntu weqiniso

I-Radical Islam igxeka ngokuyinhloko isimiso sezwe esisungulwe manje. Ukwamukelwa kwayo kusho ukuhlanganiswa neNtshonalanga, futhi ukuxazulula okunokuthula kokuphikisana okukhona kuyisicabangela nje. Ama-radicals akholelwa ukuthi ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe bubumbano. Inkolelo ye jihad, noma impi engcwele, isekelwe ukuthi izimpikiswano ezihlomile zizobe ziyoba umthetho wokuxazulula ukungezwani kuze kube sekupheleni komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, izimpikiswano zamaSulumane ziqinisekile ukuthi izikhali kuphela kanye negazi elachitheka egameni lika Allah liyakwazi ukuguqula imibono yaseNtshonalanga ephumelelayo manje emhlabeni jikelele. Ngemuva nje kokubhujiswa kwale mibuso kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke amaSulumane, njengasezinsukwini zegolide zama-caliphates, ubudlelwane bokuthula bungabuyiselwa.

Ngesikhathi lapho ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle, inkohlakalo nokugunyaza iziphathimandla zikhula minyaka yonke, kanye nabo, amaSulumane amakhulu (asevele ase-Asia Ephakathi) ekhula futhi athola ukuthandwa. AmaSulumane aqhubeka ehileleka emisebenzini yamaphekula. Futhi kuyisihawu ukuthi lesi sithunzi esinamanzi asigcini kuphela kubantu abathi bangamaSulumane, kodwa futhi nangenkolo ngokujwayelekile.