Usiko ngekhulu le-19

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, laseRussia aqala zisale ngemuva e kwezomnotho kanye kwezombusazwe eYurophu. Kodwa lawa kulinganiswe ngokushesha ekuphumeni lokusalela emuva sphere kwamasiko. isiko Russian kwekhulu le-19 , uzwakalise njengezwe. It is kakhulu kakhulu kuthonywa neMpi Yezwe neFrance ngo 1812.

Isimo Russian esiye sabhekana Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu abafundile, abantu kahle babanjwa. Njengoba sekunama-capitalism eRussia, le nkinga isibe nakakhulu, wakhonza njengephayona umfutho ekuthuthukiseni isiko. Isikhathi esining impela uhulumeni uyahamba naphezu umkhakha ezikhulayo. imibono Advanced abalobi, abamaphephandaba abaculi awazange ekuthatha njengento ebalulekile lokho sababusi-emthethweni. Lesi simo elishintsha njalo futhi ngokushesha kakhulu baba nazovat kwekhulu le-19 "i-Golden Age." A yemidlalo, izincwadi kanye nomculo Russia baba kabanzi izilaleli aziwayo Western.

isiko yobuciko kwekhulu le-19 ngaphansi kwethonya imibono classical kwesokunxele lenqwaba yobuciko. Imidwebo umculi wabhala e iningi amacala ngezihloko zeBhayibheli. Liphinde ngokuvamile itholakala izigcawu basezinganekwaneni noma ekumeni. Amasiko ethu kwekhulu le-19 wanikeza umlando portraitists ababili abavelele - Oresta Kiprenskogo futhi Vasily Tropinin. Is they, ngasendleleni, wasishiya ezinye amazing ngokunemba esaphila ekumeni AS Pushkin. Omunye umculi owaziwa kwekhulu le-19 - Karl Bryullov. Ngo 1803 wahambela ekumbeni omuzi wasendulo yasePompeii, elabhujiswa ngo-ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Bryullov zapenda isithombe ngokuthi "Izinsuku Zokugcina yasePompeii," owamenza eyaziwa kahle kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, wabangumkakhe umdwebi odumile Alexander Ivanov. Zilinganiselwa ku-20 iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe wayehumusha ukusebenza Umdwebo "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu."

It sashintshwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kanye yaseshashalazini. On esigabeni ungabona kanjani isiteji abalobi angaphandle ezifana Schiller noma uShakespeare, futhi yasekhaya. Ethandwa kakhulu nomphakathi wajabulela NV Puppeteer. Ubelokhu ngokubhala kudlala zomlando ezahlukene. Ukuwalandela, izethameli bathandile satirical ahlekisayo Krylov futhi Fonvizin. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19 yaseshashalazini ngekhulu kangakanani, kuthonywa kakhulu izincwadi. Ngemva imvume Nicholas mina enkundleni wathatha kwesizini enkulu "U-Inspector General" (kumbhali N. V Gogol). Ukufohla yangempela kungenziwa ngokuthi Glinka sika opera "Life senkosi."

isiko Russian kwekhulu le-19 kuyinto ephawuleka kakhulu ezincwadini. Classicism kancane kancane indawo uzwela, bese romanticism. Romanticism yahlukana ku enenqubekela phambili futhi olandelanayo. izibalo ezisemqoka izincwadi: Kiichelbecker Rileyev Davydov, Bestuzhev-Marly, Baratynsky, Zhukovsky. Futhi, abalobi enkulu Russian Lermontov, Pushkin, Gogol ngezinye izikhathi wabhala imisebenzi yabo isiko zothando. Ngokulandelayo, isigaba esisha izincwadi - okwangempela. Kucatshangwa ukuthi umsunguli we Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Ukukhululwa yayo "Evgeniya Onegina", kubhekwa evelele phezu izincwadi. "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika", "Boris Godunov", "I-Bronze wehhashi" - ethandwa kakhulu imisebenzi ongokoqobo ngokulinganiselwa Pushkin. Engcebweni wangempela "Golden Age," zingabizwa ngokuthi "Maye kusukela Wit" Griboyedov, "Imiphefumulo Dead" by Gogol futhi "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" Lermontov. Imisebenzi abalobi enkulu futhi izimbongi, ezifana Nekrasov N. A. Turgenev I. S., Dostoevsky FM, UTolstoy L. N. ungaphakathi ingxenye kwekhulu le-19 yesibili, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala ukuthuthukiswa imifuziselo, omunye Amathrendi yesiteleka kakhulu izincwadi.

isiko eYurophu ekhulwini le-19 nayo ngalesikhathi ushintsho. Iqhaza main udlalwa yinqubomgomo. Kodwa isiko kwekhulu le-19 eYurophu kakhulu kwesama kusukela yasekhaya. Imperialism Europe sisho izidingo zabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa yaseshashalazini nezincwadi osedonsa, kodwa waqala inkathi entsha wefilosofi European.