Yini izilwane ezimbili chambered inhliziyo? Sakhiwo kwegazi

Igazi ukunyakaza kwezicubu emzimbeni kudingeka uhlobo futha, indima lapho sabelwe imisipha yenhliziyo. Esikhathini elula izidalwa eziphilayo, ezifana izibungu chordates, lesi sitho engekho, futhi isakhiwo isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi - indandatho avaliwe. Fish nginenhliziyo ezimbili chambered ukuthi odlulela igazi ngokusebenzisa imithambo yegazi zonke izingxenye zomzimba, eyenza bakwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo, izakhi kanye ukubadedela kusukela exchange of imikhiqizo, ebakhulula ezindaweni zokuzalela.

Njengoba kunyatheliswa ithuthukiswe

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi - kuyisisekelo ukuphila ukuze izilwanyana eziningi ophilayo. Ukuze sikwazi ukufeza imisebenzi yayo, igazi kumelwe ngokuqhubekayo aluka kulo umzimba. Izigaba ukuthuthukiswa amasistimu igazi zibonakala ngokucacile lapho ucabangela isakhiwo zenhliziyo zezinhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni.

1. Fish yizilwane nongenanembeza nge irherho le-closed kwegazi. Banezinhliziyo inhliziyo ezimbili chambered nokusakazwa olulodwa.
2. Izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo ezimbili kwegazi, inhliziyo yabo ihlukaniswe emakamelweni ezintathu. Ngaphandle kukhona izingwenya.
3. Ngo izinyoni, abantu kanye nezilwane eziningi emzimbeni ukumpompa igazi, imelelwa amakhamera ezine, futhi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi - tindilinga letimbili.

Senhliziyo izinkontileka muscle enza igazi ngokusebenzisa imithambo, okuyinto zihlukaniswe emiphongolweni emincane futhi kuhambisana ngalokufanele zonke izindawo emzimbeni. Ngemva, akunika umoya-mpilo futhi ewusizo izakhi imithambo yegazi kakade, ukubizwa ngokuthi imithambo futhi kubuyisele emuva lufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu.

Kanjani inhliziyo isebenza inhlanzi

Izilwane ngenhliziyo ezimbili chambered, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi nongenanembeza. Ziyakwazi abameleli izinhlanzi kanye izibungu amphibian. Ngokusho ucwaningo izazi zezinto eziphilayo ababefunda ukuthuthukiswa isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, kuyacaca ukuthi umzimba lokuqala wahosha umnyuziki itholwe izinhlanzi. Lezi nongenanembeza kuthiwa ezimbili chambered inhliziyo, emelelwe ATRIUM ukuba i-ventricle kanye valve uhlelo. Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi ingenye ucezu embuthanweni, nokujaha igazi emithambo yegazi.

Igazi futha eshayela phakathi kwezinye capillary ye gills lapho nomoya-mpilo futhi igcwalise ezitsheni. Okulandelayo ukusatshalaliswa yayo capillary elise kwezicubu zomzimba, saturation yabo nomoya-mpilo. Khona-ke eya emithanjeni ngaphandle oksijini bese ibuyisela isikhwama inhliziyo.

isakhiwo

inhlanzi lwasekuqaleni baye ezimbili chambered inhliziyo, okuyinto evamile ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine:

• ingxenye yokuqala - ahlukaniswa, ngokuthi itheku emithambo yegazi, okuyinto unomthwalo ethola igazi elingenawo umoya owanika umzimba;
• ingxenye yesibili equkethe ATRIUM nge valve;
• ingxenye yesithathu okuthiwa ventricle;
• ingxenye yesine iyona Isigaxa yomthambo i-aorta ne-valve eziningana, epompa igazi ku le-aorta peritoneal.

Uma igazi ushiye inhliziyo, ihamba phezu gills, okuyinto elicwile umoya-mpilo bese ugelezela elikuyi-aorta umgogodla, kusukela elithengiswa bonke ezicutshini zomzimba.

inhlanzi lesezingeni zonke izingxenye ungekho emgqeni efanayo, kodwa ukuma incwadi S, lapho ezimbili zokugcina izingxenye ngaphezu ezimbili zokuqala. isakhiwo esinjalo esivela uqwanga futhi Crossopterygii izinhlanzi. abameleli Bony kuhluke infundibulum eyethile, ngokuvamile kuchazwa ngokuthi ingxenye aorta, hhayi imisipha yenhliziyo.

Incazelo Fish inhliziyo

Ngokuqhathaniswa eliwumhlaba yezilwane ezinomgogodla inhliziyo izinhlanzi ezincane futhi ebuthaka. Isisindo sayo kuhluka 0.3 kuya ku-2.5% esisindo. Ngenxa ababuthakathaka ekunciphiseni ingcindezi izitsha nayo buthaka. Ngenxa izici ezinjalo izinhlanzi bayakwazi ukusinda ebusika nokhahlo ne uqweqwe lukashukela. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhliziyo izinhlanzi eyeka eshaywa udade, futhi lapho defrosting ukunciphisa kuvuselelwe, negazi iqala aluka ngomzimba, ngokuletha izinhlanzi ivuka kulokhu kulala kwasebusika.

Lo msebenzi sokuhamba kwegazi ngenxa yokuthi nenhlanzi yokuphila evundla bahlala amanzi, ngakho asikho isidingo ukusunduza up ukugeleza igazi lokulwa gravity.

Izici hematopoiesis izinhlanzi

Emzimbeni, izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi izitho eziningana:

• gills;
• le mucosa emathunjini;
• epithelium futhi inhliziyo izitsha;
• izinso kanye ubende;
• imithambo yegazi;
• lymph izitho, izicubu kroveobrazuyuschimi esakhiwa ngaphansi isembozo Nogebhezi lwawo.

igazi Fish iqukethe abomvu egazi ne-nucleus maphakathi. uhlelo eyaziwa Namuhla emelelwa zamaqembu egazi 14.

Ubani omunye inhliziyo ezimbili chambered

Nge kwathatha isilwane eliwumhlaba amafomu ukuphila futhi kumiswa emaphashini akhe, imisipha nezitsha inhliziyo esishintshile. inhlangano Complicated kwezilwane kanye inhliziyo-chamber ezimbili yaguqulwa kathathu futhi isikwele. Bakha yesibili kwegazi, futhi imisipha yenhliziyo ukumpompa kwaba hhayi kuphela emithambo yegazi kodwa igazi ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni.

Njengobufakazi bokuthi izilwane ziye zaqala ukuphila emanzini bobabili, ososayensi ahole izigaba kabusha eziphila emanzini nasezweni, izibungu okuyizinto inhliziyo ezimbili chambered, futhi uhlelo lwabo kwegazi kuyafana izinhlanzi.

Kubantu abadala, lokhu-ke eba inhliziyo emithathu chambered, okuyinto emelelwa Atria emibili ventricles. Amphibians kukhona izilwane kuqala lapho kwakukhona kwegazi yesibili.

igazi elinomoya-mpilo kusuka emaphashini isikhumba aqoqana ATRIUM lwesobunxele futhi ahlukaniswe ukwahlukanisa ukuxubana emithambo yegazi, okungena ATRIUM kwesokudla.

Ukuphendula umbuzo ngalokho izilwane ziye ezimbili chambered inhliziyo, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi abadala unomzimba onjalo iyagcinwa kuphela kwezinhlanzi nezilwane eziphila ezweni - esigabeni elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu.