Luhlolo Forensic kwemibhalo. Izinhlobo yokuhlolwa forensic

Ngo umkhuba zokwahlulela, ngokuvamile esimisiwe luhlolo forensic kwemibhalo. Lena indlela ephumelelayo ukusungula ngezimo icala. Kuyini lokhu cwaningo futhi yiziphi imibono yakhe, funda kusukela sihloko.

imisebenzi

luhlolo Forensic kwemibhalo ukuzixazulula izinkinga eziningi, okuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ukusungulwa kweziGungu indlela yokukhiqiza.
2. Icacisa ukuthi nokuthi ukusishintsha imibhalo.
3. Ukubuyiselwa kokuqukethwe kwasekuqaleni.
4. Ukuhlonza kusho isicelo ngesikhathi enza.
5. Recreating lonke ngezitho.

isazi

Criminalist, okuyinto eyenziwa luhlolo forensic kwemibhalo - lena kungeminye yemisebenzi endala endaweni ethile. Nanguya namanje ukufuneka kakhulu kule ukulamula umbango, civil kanye zobulelesi. Yize inani elikhulu kubazalwane abaphothule emfundweni ephakeme, iqhubeka kube lusizo. Ngokukhetha lesi sifunda, umuntu ithola umsebenzi wokudala ngokungavamile edinga imfundo ekolishi, isipiliyoni ovelele umuzwa okhokhelwayo.

inhlangano

isikhungo, obala noma ngasese, okuyinto eyenziwa luhlolo forensic kwemibhalo, has a nabasebenzi of ochwepheshe abafanelekayo, yonke imishini ezidingekayo kanye nezimvume isebenze. Ngaphezu izinkantolo, isifundo ngaphambilini amabhange, Bar, amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano amafomu ubunikazi ezahlukene, izakhamuzi ezivamile.

Noma yimuphi, kuhlanganise luhlolo forensic kwemibhalo - indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukuvikela amalungelo abo esisemthethweni kanye nezithakazelo. Ngakho lapho ubuqiniso balo ungaqiniseki, ucele izifundo professional.

aphoyintimenti

Ngokuvamile, ukuthi isifundo sasiqhutshwa, omunye isicelo kwanele. Inkantolo uyenqaba inqubo, uma kuphakanyiswa, isibonelo, simo setemlomo. Ngakho-ke, lesi sinyathelo kumele kahle ukulungiselela. Ngaphezu isicelo, ukuthola amaphepha avela enhlanganweni uchwepheshe yokuvuma yayo luhlolo bese ulinamathisela izibambiso ukuthi zikhiphe izigwebo. Isazi Criminal uyanezela:

• imigomo ngaphansi lapho ucwaningo,
• ukwazisa izindleko zokugcina;
• Imininingwane mayelana ngokwabo nabanye ochwepheshe, ahileleka uma, isipiliyoni somsebenzi, imfundo, degrees yesayensi iziqu.

izidingo

Ukuqokwa luhlolo forensic Kwenziwa isinqumo we umphenyi noma ukuzimisela ukulamula umbango, isiFunda noma eNkantolo Yemantshi. idokhumenti isifundo inikezwe.

Uma kwenziwe Ubuchwepheshe extra-zokwahlulela, amaphepha adingekayo lezisekelo yilezi:

• isicelo ummeli;
• isivumelwano ukuqaliswa cwaningo;
• idokhumenti okungukuthi kuncike luhlolo.

ucwaningo izindawo

Sibala izinto ngaphansi cwaningo, lapho emiswa luhlolo forensic kwemibhalo.

1. Paper, okuyinto ebekwe noma yiluphi ulwazi noma amaqiniso. Izithombe alikwazi into uphenyo kulesi simo.
2. Izinto kanye nemikhiqizo, ezisetshenziswa for yokukhiqiza.
3. izindlela Technical ayesetshenziselwa ukwakha phezu imininingwane idokhumenti, kanye yokuqedela nemithungo.
4. Amakhemikhali izinguquko idatha.
5. Izinto, amadokhumenti ungahlobene nalo muntu, kodwa wafunda besebenzisa lezi zindlela.
6. Iphepha futhi amakhadibhodi imikhiqizo, adingekayo Ukugoqa, sanitary-yokuhlanzeka, lobuchwepheshe nezezimboni, kanye umthengi izicelo.

Imininingwane yerekhodi

luhlolo Isazi-criminological ihlukanisa 2 izinhlobo kwemibhalo yocwaningo:

• imininingwane;
• izinto.

Ngaphansi likhuluma okokuqala nge ihluzo ngesimo ngamagama indlela yokunyathelisa noma uhlamvu-amathuluzi, izisayindo ngesandla, izitembu futhi isitembu nokunye. Ngaphansi incwadi yesibili libhekisela izinto, ngesisekelo imibhalo nezisetshenziswa.

Uma umsebenzi imininingwane yokuqinisekisa, sifaka:

• ukuhlaziya indlela yokubhala;
• Yekuchumana ukuzimisela indlela futhi ukuqopha;
• yokuthi ngokwenza izinguquko Ukusula indlela, amanothi eyengeziwe, etching, imidwebo eyengeziwe ngaphezu nokunye.

Njengoba for amarekhodi, lapho kuhlonzwa ukuthi ukulandelana upende imivimbo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuvumelana nezindlela ezahlukene ucwaningo unezici. Bese, usetha indlela isicelo, uhlobo model of imishini esetshenziswa, ukufakwa, iphepha okuqondene notebook ethile nokunye.

Izinhlobo yokuhlolwa forensic

Kunezinhlobo eziningana izifundo.

1. Ukubhala ngesandla luhlolo.
2. NeziLimi.
3. Avtorovedcheskaya.
4. Zobuchwepheshe forensic.

Ake sicabangele ngasinye salezi izinhlobo kafushane ngamunye.

isazi wesandla

Lolu uhlobo yendabuko ucwaningo ukuze kutholakale amaqiniso okuhlotshaniswa imibhalo yesandla. Imibhalo lapha yilezi:

• namarisidi;
• phezulu;
• Ama-oda;
• ethanda;
• isitifiketi;
• izitatimende;
• izivumelwano;
• nezinye.

Ingahlolwa isignesha ifasitela lokuzula noma umbhalo. Ngemva kokuhlola isiqalo nesigcino wesandla, ukuxazulula inkinga ukuhlonza kungakanani abakwaziyo kanye nokuhlola uhlamvu. Phakathi luhlolo, hlola, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lo mbhalo wesandla senziwa umbono ngqo ehlanekezelwe ukushintsha izandla, ulingisa wesandla yomunye, sesimweni engavamile noma isimo, nokunye okunjalo.

ubuchwepheshe ngokolimi

Imihlobo yokuhlolwa ngobuchwepheshe kanye forensic ngokolimi ingxenye. kuncike aso angamazinyo amaqiniso aphathelene kunjalo futhi ifakwe ukuhlaziywa inkulumo.
Into yokutadisha - imikhiqizo womsebenzi yokukhuluma, zalotshwa ngokubhala.

Ngokungafani wesandla luhlolo, kuleli cala, basuke kukalwa okubangela, indlela yokukhuluma nesimo umthelela izilaleli noma uya khona ngqo. kwakhiwa ukuhlolwa Inhloso is ngesisekelo kwezinkambiso of isiRashiya.

Lolu cwaningo lusekelwe ekucwaningweni kolimi. Ngakho-ke, umhloli kumele, okokuqala kunakho konke, kufanele imfundo philological. Ulwazi olulandelayo ihlaziye ku Ukuhlolwa:

• timphawu tetheksthi ekuvezweni ingxenye isichasiso;
• ukwambulwa nezincazelo nemiphumela ngombhalo;
• igama imikhiqizo yizenzo zabantu.

Avtorovedcheskaya luhlolo

Ngesisekelo lolu hlobo ucwaningo sithola uhlelo lolwazi mayelana nemithetho eyengamele ukuziphatha kwenkulumo, elibonisa ukwehluka, ukuzinza, ngokubhala ukuhluka. Kulokhu, ulwazi mayelana nezilimi, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics kanye psychology.

Isihloko uphenyo - zabhalwa ukuthi ifakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho nobuso ukuthola ochwepheshe wadala "ngokwengqondo" portrait wombhali kanye namathonya zangaphandle idokhumenti senziwa ngaphansi kwazo.

Into yokutadisha - kubhalwe inkulumo umbhalo. Lokhu kumisa isitayela: lesibonwa, ezesayensi, umthengi, izincwadi nokunye. Kukhona izinto ngesandla etholwe ukuphrinta indlela noma ukusebenzisa umshini ukukopisha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zabhalwa kunqunywa kuphela uma idokhumenti ingeyona amazwi esingaphansi 500.

luhlolo zobuchwepheshe forensic

Ngaphansi lolu cwaningo libhekisela kulabo zinhlobo lapho kusungulwa yokukhiqiza izinqubo, ukukhomba elinegazi, ukumisa iqembu ubulungu kanye umthombo imvelaphi.

Isihloko cwaningo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho kwenziwa iphepha ezikhonjwe amathuluzi kanye nokukhiqiza izinto. Ukuze uphendule le mibuzo uchwepheshe yezobuchwepheshe kanye forensic Umbhalo kufanele ifa Ubuchwepheshe emkhakheni physics, chemistry, ubuchwepheshe kanye forensic ingxenye.

Ukuze izinto zocwaningo paper ngesandla futhi ngomshini nezimpahla, ubhala amathuluzi, amathuluzi Etching umbhalo.

luhlolo Forensic imoto

Imibhalo yaleli uhlobo locwaningo asisebenzi. Kepha uyathandwa, ukuthi ukuhlolwa izimoto asinakulishalazela. Imigwaqo kulo izingozi eziningi zenzeka. Autotechnical luhlolo forensic imoto osiza ekuboneni ukuthi ungubani Imbangela yengozi kweqiniso. Futhi, kunilungele ukuba afeze ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto esetshenziswa. Khona-ke ungaqiniseka ukuthi sebe futhi abakwazanga ukumenza aphule izinombolo.