Ukusungulwa engcono lesintu Sibutsetelo yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu

Phakathi khona kule planethi yethu amakhulu ezinkulungwane izinto ezimangalisayo aye wadala. Kudingeka nje sibheke indawo emhlabeni - konke esikubonayo, kwabonakala ngenxa bokusebenza komuntu kanzima. Futhi phakathi lokhu ezihlukahlukene akunakwenzeka elibanzi ukunquma kokusungulwa engcono lesintu. Nokho, kukhona imiphumela emikhulu survey kwezenhlalo kanye imibono yososayensi kulesi sihloko. Kubo kungenzeka ukuzulazula nge ezifundweni zakhe.

Ukuvula kusukela esikhathini esidlule

Ukusungulwa engcono lesintu, lapho kufanele ngokuthi okutholakele atholakele ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Manje bangabafowethu - kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu.

Kwasekuqaleni, yebo, umlilo. Kwaba ukuthuthukiswa yakhe waba unyaka wenguquko e kwemvelo emphakathini. Uma abantu bebona ukuthi ungumlilo nokuthi ukuyisebenzisa, baqala ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wabo esikhathini ebusuku, ukuvikela kubo ezilwaneni eziyingozi futhi ulungiselele ezihlukahlukene (ngesikhathi) ukudla. Eminyakeni eminingi okwamsekela nasemihumeni, ukugwema kwamazinyo. Phela, indlela yokufuna esizimele umlilo kwaba isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Kukhona ngisho umbono, sibonga umlilo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaba ukuya ngokushesha. Ngemva bipedal Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba kuso okuphekwe ukudla okunesitashi, usithathela ukuthi ahlinzeke ukumuncwa okusheshayo polysaccharides ukuthi bafake isandla ekuthuthukiseni kakhulu ebuchosheni.

lokubhala

Lena ngokucacile futhi kokusungulwa engcono lesintu. inkulumo ezithonyayo ukufakazela lesi sitatimende, musa ngisho kudingeka. Phela, ukuvela lokubhala kwakuyisiqalo ukuthuthukiswa impucuko kanye nomthelela kuntjintjiselana phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukene namasiko. Nakuba konke kwaqala e eminyakeni ezikude 9000-7000. BC, ne imifanekiso bokuqala Western Asia (esifundeni aseSiriya).

Iphepha Uphinde abhekwe omunye kokusungulwa kwemishini emisha ebalulekile iningi lesintu. Ukubhala yasiza abantu ukugcina yiluphi ulwazi wathola. Imboni yephepha sasinikeza wakhe ukuba izigidi zabantu. Phela, ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwayo, zonke izinto senzelwe lokubhala, kwakubiza kakhulu. Iphepha wabonakala, ngasendleleni, e 105 BC. Lwenza Cai Lun. Ngemva kwalokho okusungulile lwakhe lwapheleliswa njengoba indlela zokukhiqiza ephepheni.

incwadi

Abaningi bathi - kokusungulwa engcono lesintu. Nokho, le ncwadi iyinkondlo, okufanelekelayo ukuba isimo esinjalo. Ake manje abaningi, futhi bayibheka njengelungelo umkhiqizo ukuphrinta e-lesibopho. Kodwa lena kuphela ngoba abantu asetshenziselwa izincwadi.

Empeleni, ngamunye wabo ezweni kancane ehlukile. Leyo ncwadi ulwazi Umhlahlandlela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ukuziqhenya humanity ifa layo. Kuyinto umthombo wolwazi, isipiliyoni lwamazwi zomlando, imfihlakalo futhi kumnandi. Ukufunda izincwadi, abantu baba abafundile ngaphezulu nangokukhalipha savvy, yokucebisa silulumagama yakho futhi sifunde ukucabanga futhi sihlaziye. Basuke ngcono njengoba Personality ngohlamvu capital. Vele edabukisayo ukuthi kulonyaka kobuchwepheshe besimanje, abantu bayakhohlwa izincwadi, futhi ukufunda kakhulu njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili.

ugesi

Akhuluma ngokuzokwenzeka eduze kwethu isikhathi, kunengqondo ukuqala naye. Ngokusho izinga ngempela ebaluleke kakhulu nokusungulwa engcono lesintu. Ugesi, kodwa akulona iqiniso ukuthi sidalwe babe ngumsebenzi wezandla zomuntu. Akusiwona into, kodwa isethi imihlola ukuthi zibangelwa ezinyakazayo kanye nokuxhumana amacala kagesi. Kodwa kulokhu ugesi has a ukuqonda yesimanje.

Umsebenzi wokuqala lwaluvelaphi sidalwe ekhulwini XVIII. Khona-ke ngakwazi baziqambela inqwaba voltaic - idivayisi ngenxa yokugobhoza.

Futhi mangisho, abantu abaningi okwaxoxwa nabo bathi ayebheka ekudalweni enkulu yomuntu ... ingilazi yesibani. Ungaqonda ukuthi kungani. Usuku usuthathelwa ebusuku, kodwa ukuphila akagcini ngenxa yokuthi ukuphila kwethu ukukhanyisa kusho indawo - ama-globe kagesi. sibonelo sabo sokuqala yasungulwa ngumuntu kumklami German Genrihom Gebelem ngo-1854. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-26 lokukhanya sashintsha umsunguli American uThomas Edison. It Nguyena futhi owanika izwe inkinobho nezisekelo yethu umnikazi. Tungsten intambo yasungulwa 1890 by unjiniyela kagesi Alexander Lodygin, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi ahlinzekwa ukugcwalisa isibani nge igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali.

obungangenhloko kakhanjana ngepeni

Empeleni, kuwo + nangayiphi indlela akumangalisi ukuthi le nto wormed phakathi enjalo okutholakele emikhulu. Ngokocwaningo ocashunwe e-UK, kubonakala sengathi abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto ipeni obungangenhloko kakhanjana - kokusungulwa engcono lesintu. Lokhu into elula kwansuku sidalwe intatheli Hungarian okuthiwa Laszlo Biro ngo-1938. Okubalulekile, lo mzalwane wasiza umfowabo Georg, owayeyilungu wemithi oqeqeshiwe.

Okokuqala, abaqambi baye lobunikazi ipeni obungangenhloko kakhanjana eHungary. Kodwa ke seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Kule ndaba, labazalwane lazihlanganisa Argentina kanye nelungelo lobunikazi ezisunguliwe khona. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, babethengisa amalungelo okwenza obungangenhloko kakhanjana izibaya inkampani ebizwa Eversharp. Yayikhokha eyodwa amaRandi ayisigidi, okwakuwuphawu isamba omkhulu ngesikhathi.

Kusukela 1943, kwenziwe ekukhiqizweni ibhola-iphuzu amapeni namhlanje esisemqoka amadivaysi zokubhala, esetshenziswa wonke umuntu.

Inthanethi

Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba abantu ngeke uphikisana yokuthi kuba Umhlaba Network - kokusungulwa engcono lesintu. It yasishintsha ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu yesimanje. Inani labantu base-iplanethi ukufunda mayelana nezinto ezifana namakholi wevidiyo, umsebenzi kude, imidlalo, wengxoxo osheshayo nomuntu kwenye ingxenye Earth, ukusakaza inthanethi, nokuningi.

Ngokungangabazeki, kwi-Inthanethi - kokusungulwa engcono lesintu. Manje isetshenziswa abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu 4, futhi le nombolo kwandisa nsuku zonke. Konke lokhu kwaqala ngo-1962. Kulapho nososayensi waseMelika uJ C. R. Licklider yethulwa emhlabeni nomqondo inethiwekhi computer futhi uphambili. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, ngaqala umsebenzi ukudalwa inethiwekhi Inthanethi ARPA Net. Iseva kuqala ukufakwa 09/02/1969. Futhi ngo-October 29, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili, elise at ibanga 640 amakhilomitha phakathi ama-computers amabili eyayibamba kweseshini.

Njengoba i-intanethi waqala ziphenduke ngokushesha. Phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa kwakukhona Amaqembu ezindaba, uhlu lwamakheli kanye emabhodini. Namuhla, i-Internet cishe yonke into.

Ukudalwa "zero"

Ngemva uhambo olufushane ku umlando, kufanele sitshele indaba ezisunguliwe engcono lesintu kwekhulu lama-21. Inkathi entsha ekudalweni kuka-2001 i-LED organic. Manje-ke siyini isisekelo zonke LED-display.

Ngo-2002, yena waba uzibophezele ukufohla kwezokwelapha, okuyinto kwaphawulwa ukudalwa i-retina yokufakelwa. Khona-ke, ngonyaka ozayo, onjiniyela baye basungula esibonakalayo ubuchwepheshe ukuphathwa lezinto engqondo.

2004 kwaphawulwa ezisunguliwe ezimbili ezimangalisayo. Umhlaba wabona ngesibonakhulu neutron kanye neso Bionic.

Ngisho nangemva konyaka robot isisunguliwe akwazi amakhophi. Futhi ngo-2006, esintwini ezinengilazi self-ephulukisa nopende.

Ngo-2007, ukutholakala kwakungeyona, kodwa ngo-2008, emhlabeni bafunde ngokulawulwa isici lesilinganiselwa Microelectronics, ezingashintsha ukumelana kwabo kuye icala eliya kulo. Wayelethwa uqambe memristor.

Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela kwenziwa okutholakele ezine ngaphezulu. Ngokokuqala ngqá kwenziwe ukudluliswa imibono kwi-inthanethi, wadala begazi 3D-iphrinta ochwepheshe LG athuthukile PC Ultra-Mobile, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziye zaletha ingqamuzana ephilayo yokuqala, i-DNA esikhundleni elokwenziwa. Konke kwaba eyisimanga. Abantu abaningi bavame kumangala baze ngisho manje. Yingakho kunzima kangaka ukunquma kokusungulwa engcono lesintu.

Kuze phakathi "okweshumi"

It kwaphawulwa emikhulu nezokusebenza 2012. Khona-ke isibonisi emoyeni, ukubonisa ikhanda-agibele amahhashi, futhi wasungula indlela ukukhiqizwa Electronics ekhethekile encibilikayo yasungulwa.

Ngo 2013 ke ephethwe ukusungula ukuxhumana laser satellite. Futhi ngo-2014, wasungula ka MEMS-nanoinektor futhi zincane, kodwa into funny - smart izinti. Khona-ke, ngo-2015, izwe seyenziwe, "balele" igciwane (kudivayisi nano-kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi). It ukhonza njengelungu ebucayi kakhulu umswakama inzwa, ngenxa yokuba khona phezu kobuso ethize nano-izakhiwo.

eminyakeni yamuva

Qeda indaba Ngithanda, elisho 10 ezisunguliwe phezulu engcono isintu esikhathini esidlule, ngo-2016.

Indawo yokuqala kuhlala ukukhanya lama Flyte, lapho ekwazile ikhuphuka mangalisayo ngenxa kagesi. It sikhanya ngokusebenzisa resonant isixhumanisi exhasa.

indawo Okwesibili kuthatha ophahleni sasivumela libalele Tesla, ukucutshungulwa ukukhanya ekushayweni e ugesi.

Okulandelayo okusunguliwe ezimangalisayo - amateki Nike HyperAdapt 1.0 nge lacing othomathikhi. Iphupho bonke abalandeli of movie "Emuva Ikusasa" waba ngokoqobo.

On endaweni yesine kuyinto ezihlakaniphile multi-function alamu Sawubona Sense, okuyinto uqaphe imijikelezo ubuthongo futhi ukunika umyalo baphaphame ngesikhathi esifanele umnini wayo.

Futhi ngo-2016 kwakunabamemezeli 360 Eagle amathayi, ujikeleze zonke izinkomba-ndlela, "smart" isixubho, ngisho izinto abantu abanezinkinga nge imisebenzi yobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe wafakaza esinamandla futhi buthule umshini wokomisa izinwele, ubhatata ahlanganiswe uvithamini A, kanye Drone amancane đi Mavic Pro, ifakwe 4K ikhamera.

Ngakho, lokhu kuyingxenye encane yini ungakwazi ukutshela mayelana ezisunguliwe emangalisayo kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile isintu. Yiqiniso, umlando ukhona lwenziwe emashumini okutholakele izinkulungwane izikhathi ezingaphezu. Futhi ungaqiniseka ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nombolo kuzokhulisa izikhathi eziningi.