Umlando of Russia ka-ngekhulu le-14

Ngekhulu le-14 - isikhathi izinguquko eziphawulekayo ekuphileni we principalities Russian. Kule nkathi yomlando ekugcineni setha amandla Golden zidlamlilo ku ezindaweni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yamazwe Russian. Kancane kancane phakathi fiefdoms encane kokhela umzabalazo mkhulu kakhulu nokuthi ukudala azungeze fiefdom yakhe isimo esisha eyodwa. imizamo ahlangene umhlaba Russian kuphela owawungenza balahle kwejoka abantu abayimizulane kanye ukuthatha indawo yayo phakathi kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Phakathi lamadolobha amadala, babhujiswe ngu lwesiTatar kuphangwa, kwakungekho amandla, kungekho elite zezombusazwe, noma ithonya, ukuze futhi Kiev noma uVladimir futhi Suzdal ayikwazanga abathi bangabafundi wokubusa ikusasa isikhungo. Rus ekhulwini le-14 yaletha izintandokazi ezintsha emncintiswaneni. It Novgorod Republic, Grand Duchy of Lithuania futhi Muscovy.

umhlaba Novgorod. Incazelo emfushane

Ezinsukwini ubudala, mabutho-Mongolian ayengakafiki nakufika Novgorod. Umuzi wanda futhi aphethwe usithonye ngenxa yendawo APC phakathi Baltic uthi, emazweni asempumalanga Russian futhi Omkhulu Duchy of Lithuania. Cold snap ubudala 13-14 (Little Ice Age) kakhulu ziyancipha ezithela phezu emazweni Novgorod, Novgorod kepha wasinda futhi waba inothe ngokwandisa ukufunwa rye nokolweni ezimakethe iBaltic.

Political kudivayisi Novgorod

I isakhiwo sepolitiki komuzi eduze namasiko Slavic Chamber. Le ndlela ezindabeni zangaphakathi ukuphathwa yayikhona kwamanye amazwe isiRashiya, kodwa ngemva ukugqilazwa Russia ngokushesha kwaba engelutho. Ngokusemthethweni, iziphathimandla e ubukhulu Vershilo Chamber - ifomu esezingeni izazi zasendulo. Kodwa eqinisweni umlando Russia ka ngekhulu le-14 eNovgorod libhekele ezandleni nezakhamuzi ezicebile. okusanhlamvu Resale futhi ukuhweba esebenzayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi wadala eNovgorod stratum ezibanzi abantu abacebile - the "ibhande legolide", okuyinto empeleni elisetshenziswa ukwenza ezombusazwe kuleli ubukhulu.

Kuze kube ukubusa yokugcina YaseMoscow saseNovgorod izwe lalingaphansi yakhula kakhulu kwazo zonke esihlanganisa Russia ekhulwini le-14.

Kungani Novgorod laba isikhungo

endaweni Novgorod awazange ezinabantu abaningi, ngisho sokuthuthwa kwempahla le ubukhulu sabantu Novgorod ayizange idlule ayizinkulungwane 30 abantu -. Leso silinganiso siyashintsha wayengakwazi anqobe emazweni angomakhelwane, noma ubambe kubo okusemandleni abo. Nakuba umlando ka-14 Novgorod ekhulwini ubiza omunye izikhungo ngobukhulu Christian, iSonto ubukhulu kwamandla okukhulu kwadingeka. Enye inkinga enkulu kwaba wenzalo eliphansi Novgorod kanye nokulutheka eqinile ezindaweni eningizimu ngaphezulu. Novgorod kancane kancane ngaqala ukuba uthembele eMoscow, futhi ekugcineni laba elinye lamadolobha of ubukhulu eMoscow.

Eyesibili isicelo. Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Umlando of Russia ka-ngekhulu le-14 bekungeke kube ephelele ngaphandle incazelo umthelela okuye kwaba ku asentshonalanga Duchy of Lithuania (ON). Kwakheka ku emanxiweni ezigodlweni omkhulu Kiev, ibuthe ngaphansi amafulegi yayo naseLithuania, le Balts futhi amaSlav. Ngaphansi kwesimo ukuhlaselwa njalo zidlamlilo rusichi Western kubonakala Lithuania uyinqaba yemvelo ngokumelene amaqhawe Golden zidlamlilo.

Amandla nenkolo KU

Amandla ophakeme kunabo isimo kwakungekaNkulunkulu isikhulu - lalibizwa futhi Gospodar. Wayelalela akhonze ezincane - mbela. Ngokushesha KU livela lotimele zomthetho - ephalamende, okuyinto umkhandlu yamakhosi ezinethonya uqinisa isikhundla sabo ezindaweni eziningi Inqubomgomo yasekhaya. Inkinga enkulu yayiwukuthi ukuntuleka iladi ecacile ngokulandelana - kokufa Prince odlule sokucasuka sokulwa okukhona ngaphakathi eqenjini phakathi abazolandela amathuba amaningi, futhi ngokuvamile ziqongelelwe sobukhosi akuyona umthetho ngokwawo, futhi abantu abangaphili ngezimiso, iningi labo.

Inkolo e Lithuania

Njengoba inkolo, ngekhulu le-14 akuzange abaqokiwe Vector Duchy ezithile ukubukwa Lithuania zenkolo futhi sympathies. NaseLithuania Sekuyisikhathi eside ezazinamandla ngempumelelo phakathi ubuKatolika nasenkolweni yobu-Orthodox, enhliziyweni yakhe wahlala namaqaba. Prince abhapathizwe enkolweni yamaKatolika, futhi njengokulindelekile, umbhishobhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abathi Lobu-Orthodox. Izinkumbi ezibanzi abantukazana futhi bendawo ikakhulukazi banamathela waqala Orthodox, ngekhulu le-14 wabizela ukukhetha wokholo uhlu umbimbi kungenzeka nabaphikisi. Ngoba ubuKatolika kwaba Europe enamandla, ubu-Orthodox wahlala emazweni asempumalanga, iziphi njalo ekhokhelwe bezinye izinkolo.

Kunganjani Lithuania

West Russia e 14-15 eminyaka, ngekhono ezazinamandla phakathi Golden zidlamlilo futhi abahlaseli European. Lesi simo ukuhanjwa amaqembu enkulu zonke izinqubomgomo kahle leyo minyaka. Kodwa ngemva kokufa Algirdas amandla ubukhulu sekudlule ezandleni Jagiello. Ngaphansi imigomo Krevsk Union, washada indlalifa yowesifazane Commonwealth wazala de empeleni waba umbusi wawo womabili la leli zwe. UbuKatolika kancane kancane ukungena yonke imikhakha yempilo kazwelonke. I kwethonya elinamandla inkolo nobutha kwenza kwangenzeka nganoma inyunyana ye emhlabeni Lithuania emazweni North-Eastern, Vilnius ke ayibanga eMoscow.

Muscovy

Omunye ezinqabeni encane amaningi emhlabeni bomdabu yabo eligoqiwe Dolgoruky uVladimir ubukhulu, esimweni ntofontofo ngezithukuthuku mgwaqo yemizila yohwebo. Moscow Little isingathwe abathengisi abavela ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nasezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga +, kwadingeka ukufinyelela iVolga nasogwini olusenyakatho. Ngekhulu le-14 alethwe eMoscow eziningi eziwumnqamula nokubhujiswa, kodwa ngemva ayehlasela lomuzi ngamunye futhi lakhiwe. Moscow kancane kancane bangenwa umbusi ayo - isikhulu - futhi ngempumelelo waphishekela umgomo lokukhuthaza abantu ukuthi ubani ngoba isandla ahlukahlukene ngokuqinile axazulule lebanga elisha. ukunwetshwa njalo endaweni kwaqinisa amandla yokuma ubukhulu. In the state ilungelo ohlanga eliphelele, futhi uthobele oda ngokulandelana. Amandla owamazibulo akuyona baphikisana, futhi kwakukhona emazweni ezinkulu futhi best of the ubukhulu aba ngaphansi kwakhe. ukuthembeka laseMoscow kakhulu anda ngemva ubukhulu ukumehlula Mamai e 1380 - omunye kunqoba okukhulu kakhulu ukuthi esizuzwe ngamanga Russia ekhulwini le-14. Umlando uye wasiza eMoscow avuke futhi ehlula imbangi yayo okuphakade - Tiberias. Ngemva komunye amaMongol ahlasele komuzi kwaba abakwazi ukubuyisela kusuka ucabanga futhi waba ngaphansi kwesizwe eMoscow.

nokuqinisa wekuba sive

Umlando of Russia ka-ngekhulu le-14 kancane kancane ubeka eMoscow ekuqaleni kwazo isimo esisodwa. Namanje ukucindezelwa okunamandla zidlamlilo, kodwa izimangalo elinamandla emazweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe omakhelwane enyakatho nasentshonalanga. Kodwa esingu phezulu itshe lokuqala Orthodox e Moscow, lenyuka indima yebandla, owawungumnyaka kakhulu nesithakazelo ukudalwa isimo esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngekhulu le-14 kwaba ingqophamlando ukunqoba okukhulu izikhathi ezimbili. The Battle of Kulikov ensimini wabonisa ukuthi Golden zidlamlilo, ungakwazi ukushayela wasikhipha ezweni Russian. Impi eside ne Grand Duchy of Lithuania yaphela nge kokunqotshwa kwe naseLithuania futhi Vilnius imizamo ikoloni enyakatho-ntshonalanga phakade esishiywe dengwane. Ngakho eMoscow wenze izinyathelo sokuqala ukusungulwa wekuba sive yayo.