Armenia umlando Lasendulo, izinsuku, Culture

Umlando wase-Armenia yasendulo iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, nama-Armenia isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwezizwe eYurophu namuhla. Zaba khona ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe abantu basendulo babengazi - amaRoma namaGreki.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala

Igama ovamile "Arminius" kubabusi-cuneiform WasePheresiya. UHerodotus ukhuluma ngokuthi "i-Armenia" emibhalweni yakhe. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, kwaba i abantu Indo-European owathuthela besuka eYurophu beya ngekhulu XII. BC. e.

Omunye umbono uthi praarmyanskie imifelandawonye tribal kwavela okokuqala kule zase-Armenia kuya BC 4-3 yeminyaka Is they, ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, atholakala enkondlweni "The Iliad" uHomer ngokuthi "Arima".

Elinye lamagama endala Armenia - Hi, - mayelana neziphakamiso lososayensi, livela "Hayasa" egameni labantu. Leli gama kushiwo amatafula ubumba umHeti ku BC II yeminyaka. e kutholakele phakathi abavubukuli Hattushash -. yasendulo umHeti dolobha.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi abase-Asiriya ngokuthi emifuleni indawo kuleli zwe sika - Nairi. Ngokusho kwenye hypothesis, ifake yezizwe ezihlukahlukene ezingu-60.

Ekuqaleni le IX. BC. e. kwakukhona umbuso onamandla URARTU nge Van enhlokodolobha. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi simo zasendulo eSoviet Union. impucuko URARTU, ogama abazolandela babe Armenia, kwaba ngempela eziphambili. Kube ulimi olubhalwayo esekelwe yaseBabiloni--Asiriya-cuneiform, ezolimo, izinkomo zizalela nelesimbi.

URARTU wayedume ukwakhiwa ungenakunqotshwa nezinqaba ubuchwepheshe. Ensimini ka Yerevan yesimanje kwakukhona amabili kubo. Okokuqala - Erebuni yakhiwa ngenye yamakhosi lokuqala Argishti. It wayengadlali owanikeza igama yesimanje dolobha yase-Armenia. Okwesibili - yinkosi Teishebaini based Rusa II (685-645 BCE ...). Kwakuwusuku lokugcina pravitelel URARTU. Isimo akakwazanga ukumelana Asiriya elinamandla futhi bonke sebafa esifubeni sakhe.

Limiselelwe isimo esisha. Amakhosi lokuqala Armenia lasendulo - Tigran Eruand. Lesi sakamuva akufanele kudidaniswe umbusi odumile Tigran Elikhulu, kamuva kwakuyoba ngovalo WamaRoma ukudala mbuso omkhulu eMpumalanga. Kukhona isizwe esisha, kwakheka ngenxa nokwenziwa Indo-baseYurophu ne ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala lasendulo Hayami futhi URARTU. Yingakho entsha isimo daba - Ancient Armenia ne yokuphila, ulimi.

akhonze ngaphansi yamaPheresiya

Ngaleso sikhathi, yasePheresiya isimo esinamandla. Zonke izizwe ababehlala e-Asia Minor, babelalela. Lokhu isiphetho behlelwa umbuso Armenia. umthetho Persian phezu kwabo iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka (550-330 GG. BC. E.).

mlando ngesiGreki kwenkathi Armenia namaPheresiya

Armenia - i ngempucuko yasendulo. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa lokho izazi-mlando eziningi zasendulo, isibonelo, Xenophontos V e BC. e. Njengoba abahlanganyeli ezenzakalweni nombhali "Anabasis" ezichazwe ukubaleka ka 10,000 amaGreki oLwandle Olumnyama ngokusebenzisa lizwe, othiwa Armenia sidilizwa. AmaGreki sabona kusungulwa imisebenzi yezomnotho, kanye nokuphila Armenia. Ziyakwazi yonke indawo kule kakolweni esifundeni, ibhali, iwayini elimnandi, lard, amafutha ahlukahlukene - ephistakhiyo, Sesame, alimondi. AmaGreki asendulo futhi wabona lapha omisiwe, imidumba. Ngaphezu imikhiqizo plant ezikhulayo, Armenia wayizalanisa: izimbuzi, izinkomo, izingulube, izinkukhu kanye namahhashi. Lezi Xenophon wathi inzalo yabantu abahlala kule ndawo, yasungulwa ngokulandela kwezomnotho. Ubuningi imikhiqizo ehlukene is abatelekile. Armenia ukudla hhayi kuphela yabo siqu, kodwa futhi imatasa ukuhweba nge emazweni angomakhelwane. Yiqiniso, ngalokho Xenophon akashongo lutho, kodwa ezinye imikhiqizo ayibi endaweni.

UStrabo e I. n. e. It ibika ukuthi Armenia wasendulo edlelweni elihle kakhulu amahhashi. Izwe akuyona wawungaphansi Abezindaba kule ndaba futhi amahhashi enikeziwe ngonyaka ukuze namaPheresiya. UStrabo ukhuluma nejoka bezifunda Armenia, nababusi nezokuphatha phakathi nokubusa namaPheresiya, isibopho ukuletha ngemva komkhosi odumile Mithras kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili, namathole abasha.

impi Armenia endulo

Gerodot mlando (V BC.) Kuchazwe amasosha Armenia wangaleyo nkathi, izingalo zabo. Amasosha egqoka izihlangu encane, kwadingeka nemikhonto esifushane, izinkemba, javelins. Emakhanda abo - Ababazi bakha nezigqoko, base zigqokiswe emabhuzwini okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukunqoba Armenia Aleksandrom Makedonskim

Inkathi Aleksandra Makedonskogo redrew ibalazwe lonke e-Asia Minor futhi iMedithera. Zonke amazwe umbuso omkhulu wasePheresiya baba ingxenye yenhlangano elisha lezombusazwe ngaphansi kwegunya eMakedoniya.

Ngemva kokufa Aleksandra Velikogo isimo disintegrates. Empumalanga kwakhiwa isimo yozalo lukaSeleucus. Kanye indawo eyodwa isizwe lesisodwa ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezintathu ezihlukene ezenzeke ezweni elisha: Armenia Omkhulu, ise-Ararati ethafeni, Sophene - phakathi Ewufrathe course eliphezulu iTigrisi ne-Lesser Armenia - phakathi Ewufrathe inkambo engenhla Lycos.

Umlando Armenia lasendulo, nakuba ukhuluma kwencika unomphela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa-ke, ebonisa ukuthi sihlobana kuphela ezindabeni inqubomgomo angaphandle, okuyinto eyangithinta nenzuzo on ukuthuthukisa isimo esizayo. Kwakuyisikhathi uhlobo sibonelo i-republic azimele emphakathini le mibuso ngokulandelana.

ababusi Armenia ngokuvamile okuthiwa Basileus, okusho amakhosi. Baqhubeka ubuhlobo esisemthethweni kuphela, ukuthumela maphakathi intela futhi ibutho empini. Noma yimuphi umzamo wokubuyisa ukungena Sakhiwo sangekhatsi Armenia akazange athathe noma namaPheresiya, noma yamaGreki yozalo lukaSeleucus isimo. Uma indlela yokuqala ukulawula cishe zonke izindawo emajukujukwini, i-abazolandela amaGreki njalo ukushintsha indlela yangaphakathi ezizwe yanqoba, baphoqeleka ukuba "wombuso weningi" futhi inqubo ekhethekile.

Ukuwa isimo yozalo lukaSeleucus, ubunye Armenia

Ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe yozalo lukaSeleucus eRoma Armenia wathola ukuzimela yesikhashana. Rome yayingazimisele ngemva kwempi ne amaGreki uqale impumelelo esisha abantu. Lokhu futhi alusebenzisa isizwe esisodwa onobunye. Kwenziwa imizamo ukubuyisela isimo esisodwa, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Armenia lasendulo."

UJehova Omkhulu-Armenia Artashes wathi inkosi ezimele Artashes I. Yena kuhlanganiswe lonke izwe, abakhuluma ulimi olufanayo, kuhlanganise Little Armenia. endaweni Kugcine Sophene baba ingxenye isimo esisha emva kwesikhathi, ngemva kweminyaka engu-70, umbusi odumile Tigran Elikhulu.

Ukwakheka sokugcina Armenia

Kukholakala ukuthi ngaphansi entsha Artashesids lwamakhosi futhi kwakukhona umcimbi omkhulu zomlando - ukwakheka ubuzwe Armenia sinolimi lwaso namasiko. A nethonya elikhulu kubo kuyinto ukusondela ukuba izizwe yamaGreki athuthukile. Minting zemali ayo nge kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe ngesiGreki kubonisa nethonya elinamandla isiko omakhelwane bayo kanye ukuhweba.

Artashat - inhloko-dolobha isimo Omkhulu Armenia lasendulo

Phakathi nokubusa Artashesids lwamakhosi avele idolobha yokuqala enkulu. Phakathi kwabo - emzini Artashat, owawungumnyaka inhloko-dolobha yokuqala embusweni. NgesiGreki kwakusho "Artaxias injabulo".

Inhlokodolobha esisha esasinalo evumayo isikhundla womhlaba ngaleso sikhathi. Laliqhele emgwaqeni omkhulu waya emathekwini Black Sea. Isikhathi ukubonakala emzini kwaqondana ukusungulwa olunqamula ukuhweba izixhumanisi Asia ne-India neChina. Artashat waqala ukuthola isimo esikhulu zayo zezentengiselwano nezombusazwe. UPlutarch kakhulu uyayazisa indima edolobheni. Wamnika isimo "Armenia iCarthage", okusho ukuthi umuzi olimini lwanamuhla, okuyinto esihlanganisa lonke izwe elizungezile. On ubuhle kanye esiphehla Artashat ukwazi yonke imibuso iMedithera.

Nokuqhakaza we-Armenian Kingdom

umlando Armenia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo iqukethe avelele amandla isimo. Inkathi Yokuchuma emhlabeni isikhathi wokubusa Tigrana Velikogo (iminyaka 95-55.) - umzukulu umsunguli lwamakhosi odumile Artashes I. isimo yaba inhloko-dolobha Tigranakert. Lo muzi isibe omunye izikhungo phambili yesayensi, izincwadi nezobuciko yazo zonke Yezwe Lasendulo. Top umlingisi ngesiGreki isinyathelo e yaseshashalazini zendawo, ososayensi adumile mlando babemenywe njalo Tigrana Velikogo. Omunye wabo - Metrodorus sefilosofi, owayeyilungu abaphikisi okuqina i ekwandiseni wonke uMbuso WaseRoma.

Armenia baba ingxenye yezwe amaGreki. Ulimi isiGreki kwenze ukungena elite ahlukile.

Armenia - ingxenye eyingqayizivele isiko yamaGreki

Armenia mina e BC. e. - ukuthuthukiswa yezwe eziphambili emhlabeni. Wathatha konke okwakungokwayo ubhedu emhlabeni - isiko, isayensi, ubuciko. Tigran Veliky athuthukile yeshashalazi, izikole. Armenia akasenzanga isikhungo yamasiko kobuHellenism kodwa eqinile ngokuya kwezomnotho nguhulumende. ukuhweba Growing, umkhakha, yezandla. Isici esiphawulekayo isimo wukuthi akazange athathe ebugqilini uhlelo ukuthi wasebenzisa kwamaGreki namaRoma. Lonke izwe welashelwa ongumlimi imiphakathi, elimalungu alo nanikhululekile.

Tigran Elikhulu lasakazekela nsimu enkulukazi. Kwakuwumbuso elalemboze ingxenye enkulu ye-Asia Minor kusukela iCaspian luya eMedithera iziLwandle. akhonze ngaphansi kwakhe ukwenza okuningi abantu futhi uthi enyakatho - Tsibanev, Iberia, eningizimu-mpumalanga - eParte futhi izizwe zama-Arabhu.

Ukunqoba eRoma, ekupheleni Empire Armenia

Ukudlondlobala Armenia kwaqondana ukuvelela kwelinye izwe empumalanga ensimini ezwe elaliyi-USSR - Ponta eholwa Mithridates. Ngemva kwezimpi eside neRoma Pont futhi walahlekelwa ukuzimela. Armenia ubekade ubudlelwano obuhle bokwakhelana kanye Mithridates. Ngemva kokunqotshwa kwakhe, walishiya omunye ne eRoma anamandla.

Ngemva kwezimpi eside united umbuso Armenia eminyakeni 69-66. BC. e. Ahlakazekile. Ngu Tigran amandla wahlala kuphela Armenia Omkhulu, okumenyezelwe "umngane namadlelandawonye" eRoma. Ngakho wabiza wonke umbuso yanqotshwa. Eqinisweni, leli zwe like yaphenduka esinye isifundazwe.

Ngemuva kokufaka ku uMbuso WaseRoma iqala esigabeni Antique ka wekuba sive. Izwe isihlakazeka, amazwe eyabelwe isimo ngasinye, futhi abantu bendawo njalo okushayisanayo nomunye.

zamagama-Armenian

Ezikhathini zasendulo, Armenia sebenzisa ebhaliwe ngesisekelo-cuneiform yaseBabiloni--Asiriya. Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Armenia, ngesikhathi Tigrana Velikogo, leli zwe ngokuphelele iguqulwe ukuze ngolimi lwesiGreki ku inzuzo yebhizinisi. On izinhlamvu zemali zabashintshi abavubukuli ngesiGreki thola lokubhala.

Izinhlamvu Armenia sidalwe Mesrop Mashtots kuqhathaniswa sekwephuzile - e 405. Ekuqaleni, zazinezincwadi 36: 7 onkamisa 29 ongwaqa.

Isinyathelo 4 ihluzo kwakha tinhlavu we-Armenian - erkatagir, bolorgir, shhagir futhi notrgir - ukuthuthukisa kuphela eNkathini Ephakathi.