Inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle Olega Veschego

Old isimo Russian - sombuso isiko European. Kwaba sibonga kuye ukuthi Eastern lwamaSlav babé ezidumile emhlabeni wonke futhi langena amagama abo amakhulu eminyaka. Lesi simo yasungulwa by abasuka eScandinavia. Baletha phansi ka Ukraine yesimanje, isiko enyakatho, imithetho kanye isibonelo kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo. nokwenziwa okunjalo akusilo ize, ekupheleni IX kanye ekuqaleni X leminyaka Old isimo Russian kwafaniswa owayeyinzalo yalo enkulu yoMbuso WaseRoma - waseByzantium.

Old isimo Russian nababusi balo

Inqubo engakaze yenziwe ngalezo zikhathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakubangelwa imisebenzi izikhulu lasendulo Russian owenza konke okusemandleni ukuze bakhulise ezweni labo ukuze ezingeni entsha. Kukhona okwakuhamba Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye ungapheli. Namuhla singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi izikhulu bokuqala uhlobo Rurik, lo kwase kubekwe isisekelo eminye "ukunqoba 'indawo ilanga. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubomgomo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle wezikhulu zokuqala kwenziwe isimo feuds njalo ezinye izizwe Slavic futhi kuphangwa zezizwe ayimizulane. Mayelana Nezikhulu imisebenzi kungaba isikhathi eside kakhulu ukusho, kodwa omunye wabo kufanele kube ukuhlonza ohlakaniphile kakhulu futhi ziphumelele ngokulandela ngxabano zezombusazwe.

Ubani Prince Oleg?

Umuntu ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi akukho ngaphansi eliyimfihlakalo wonke umlando ungowokuqala omkhulu Prince Oleg. izitatimende Esinokwethenjelwa ngakho cishe asizange sisinde. isithombe sezomlando kwesikhulu isekelwe "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" futhi "Novgorod Chronicle", kanye izindaba mayelana nezenzo zakhe edume ngazo ukuba nenqubomgomo yokuziphatha kanye namazwe angaphandle. Oleg ingafaniswa umholi omkhulu Attila the Hun, ukuphila kwakhe lonke lase futhi oyimfihlakalo.

Oleg Umsuka

Kuze kube manje, kunezinkolelo-mbono ezimbili eziyinhloko ngemvelaphi Oleg. Ngamunye wabo uvezwa zemihla ezimbili ezidumile: "Novgorod" nesithi "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi wonke amalungu afanayo izitatimende ukuthi akula nemibhalo yasendulo, kungenzeka ukuba ukhethe ikhenela okunengqondo kakhulu, okuyinto unomthwalo okungenani kancane kithi mayelana nokubonakala enkundleni Oleg yaseshashalazini zomlando Omdala isimo Russian.

Ezifuywayo angaphandle Politika Olega kubangelwe imvelaphi yakhe kusolwa. Ngokusho lwemilando, legends, Oleg bafika ezweni lasendulo Russian kanye Rurik. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, Oleg waqala ukubusa ibamba indodana ezincane Rurik. ososayensi Modern namanje wayengazi ukuthi kungani ehlelwa umuntu ikusasa alaziwa Prince wayenesikhundla esiphakeme esiphakeme kangaka. Lapha futhi kukhona zinkondlo ezimbili zasendulo. Esokuqala sithi Oleg wayehlobene ka Rurik, kanti eyesibili ekutshela yesikhundla sakhe esiphakeme eceleni umholi zaseScandinavia abe umholi. Noma kunjalo, ibhodi Grand Duke iqala ngonyaka 882.

Ezifuywayo angaphandle Politika Olega

Kwake kwathi ngo-amandla, isikhulu iqala ukuba anqobe zonke izizwe zakwa ababemelene noma ukungalaleli. Nakuba u-Oleg kwaba isikhulu Novgorod futhi Kiev akuyona, njengoba yokugcina wahlala Askold futhi Dir. Phakathi isikhulu wakwazi ukunqoba eziningi zakwa Slavic, okungukuthi empini eqhubekayo iminyaka eminingi eSlovenia, ukundiza, Chud, Meyrueis futhi Krivichy. Kanye amasosha sezizwe zakwa nganqoba, amaViking Grand Duke Oleg baqala ukuthutha phansi Dnieper. Kulesi umkhankaso, wakwazi wathumba imizi efana Smolensk futhi Ljubech.

Ukulandela lezi zenzakalo, lokho akusho ubuhlungu ukuya Kiev. Kodwa isikhulu akalithabathanga umuzi ngokuchitha ukuvinjezelwa lempi abaningana abazange bayisebenzise le ezinye izindlela. Oleg wasebenzisa iqhinga. Wabiza Askold futhi Dir ukuhlangana ngaphandle kwezindonga zomuzi. Yafundisa indlalifa yeqiniso, Prince Rurik - Igor, bese Kushone izikhulu Kievan. Ngalesi umthetho zabo ezithokomele emzini oku Dnieper iphelile. Kungani iSikhulu Novgorod yakwenza lokhu, akekho owaziyo.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi u-Oleg united Northern futhi Eastern Russia, ukudala Old isimo isiRashiya, Kievan Rus ', noma njengoba ibizwa. inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle ePrince Oleg yayisekelwe nokufeza esiphezulu yi omuhle eRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Waqhubeka kakhulu "kwakwakhiwa", uma mina bangase basho kanjalo, izinyathelo ngombono inqubomgomo.

imikhankaso WaseByzantium

Izikhombisi-main inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle ePrince Oleg wayebuye ngenxa yezakhi siqu Prince ngomlando wesifundazwe kanjalo nendima kancane kancane Kievan Rus. Uneqhaza elikhulu kuya inqubomgomo yangaphakathi senziwa ekupheleni kwekhulu IX, lapho u-Oleg ka Novgorod futhi Kiev kuhlanganiswe kwisimo esisodwa. izenzakalo ngemva kwalokho kubonisa ngenhloso Prince kufanisa a amazwe okuqhubekayo sikhathi.

ngaleso sikhathi umakhelwane Maritime Russia kwaba elicebile nelingubhongoza izwe waseByzantium. Eqaphela le ngozi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanga isitha esinjalo, u-Oleg enquma ukuya empini nge kuleli zwe. umkhankaso Okokuqala kwenzeka ngo-907. Ngokusho yetinsita he was fike of ezinkulu kakhulu futhi okukhulu. Khona-ke labhujiswa ngokuphelele inganekwane ayenganqobeki futhi omnipotence waseByzantium. Lapho Grand Prince of Novgorod futhi Kiev abethelwe ihawu lakhe emasangweni omkhulu waseConstantinople, ke kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha. Kepha ezombusazwe, ukuze Kievan Rus 'uzowanqoba BoMbuso WaseByzantium kuye kwasusa umgoqo yangempela. Ngokusho isivumelwano waphetha ngokukhumbuza Oleg e 907, umakhelwane ocebile isimo Slavic waphoqwa ukuba akhokhele kuye inkokhiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhwebelana khulula usumisiwe bobabili. Njengoba eByzantium lalihlala ukwesaba ukuhlonipha Kievan Rus.

Ngo-911, isikhulu ithumela ibutho akuyona, bese ukunweba ukuthula futhi usayine inkontileka entsha. Ngo kwaba ngisho izinto ezinhle zabathengisi lasendulo kanye nesimo Russian iyonke.

Ngakho, sabona ukuthi inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle ePrince Oleg olotshwe umlando ngosizo izenzo edume. Grand Duke yabeka isisekelo enkathini entsha ngokuhlanganisa impi kanye nezombusazwe. Kuyinto sibonga umbusi wokuqala Kiev yabeka isisekelo esinye isinyathelo izikhulu lasendulo. Ngakho, ezifuywayo angaphandle Politika Olega wamsiza ukuzoqhubekisela igama lakhe, kanye ukwakha umbuso elikhulu nelesabekako Kievan Rus.