John Hughes - umsunguli IDonetsk. biography

Omunye nezimboni ovelele ngesikhathi lakhe kwakunguJohane Hughes - umsunguli IDonetsk. Siyabonga kuye, kwakukhona lesi omunye wemizi emikhulu yezimboni Ukraine. Yini okunye kwakulandela biography esiphawulekayo Dzhona Yuza? Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani kabanzi lokho ayeyikho nalokho akwenza.

kweminyaka engu

Okokuqala, ake sibone ukuthi yini ngonyaka John Hughes wazalwa, lapho othile emndenini. usozimboni Ikusasa wazalwa ngo 1814 edolobheni Merthyr Tydfil eWales. Yena uvela engineer Welsh Hughes umndeni (amagama yesimanje - Hughes), ebiza isitshalo Metallurgical wendawo.

Lapho esemusha Dzhon Dzheyms Hughes abasebenze inkampani sikayise, kodwa kuze kube iminyaka engu-28 wakwazi buthelela ezinye bofeleba netinhlavu usezuze ngisemsebenzini lalo.

Imisebenzi e-UK

Ngo-1850 John Hughes ozuza enye inkampani - Foundry e Newport. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kumyekise ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuhlakuleleni, esebenza njengomdwebi unjiniyela Milvolskom isitimela ugingqe isitshalo, lapho wathuthela ngasekupheleni 50-yalolucwaningo of XIX leminyaka. Kakade 1860, John Hughes baba umqondisi wale nkampani.

Enye yezinto ezinkulu azifeza ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola ukwakha ukuthutha isibhamu ngoba izibhamu esindayo, okuyinto azidala e 1864. Le ndlela yokwenza yabakhanga Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, lapho oda wawa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJohane Hughes kwaba ukuhlakulela zempi ngoba izimoto.

Igama Dzhona Yuza bekugcwele edume kunazo LaseBrithani steel umkhakha futhi shipbuilding.

Ukunikezwa ezivela eRussia

Ukuthuthukiswa Dzhona Yuza nentshisekelo Admiralty of the Empire, Russian, okuyinto Yahlela ukusebenzisa zempi ukuze aqinise le "uConstantine" e Kronstadt nqaba.

Ezingxoxweni nokulethwa zempi ezivela Hughes waqala komngane oseduze nezikhulu isiRashiya, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uColonel Ottomar Gern futhi Jikelele Eduard Totleben. Base bemisa ukusebenzisa iphrojekthi ye British Imboni eningizimu of the Empire, Russian ukuze kwakhiwe le ukukhiqizwa yensimbi komzila zalesi sihlahla, okuyiwona ngaphambilini uhlaziyo Prince Kochubey. Hughes bavumelana.

Izizathu ukwamukela lesi sipho

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi utshelwa Dzhona Yuza ukugxila umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko eMbusweni isiRashiya, kwaba obumbi ezimbonini UK emva kokuwa eyinhlekelele London Stock Exchange ngo-1866. Lokhu kuye kwaholela nokwanda okuphawulekayo lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ezweni kanye outflow of izimali. Ngalesi sikhathi-ke lehla ngokuphawulekayo ivolumu oda kusuka kumakhasimende.

Russia ke kwaba isimo kabani umnotho okhula ngokukhulu ukushesha ngomzamo ukunciphisa igebe ne West. Ngenxa yalokho, wayengakucabangi inkambu ngempela ezikhangayo nezimboni angaphandle. Wayefuna ukuyobopha amakholwa ukuheha amaphrojekthi e-Russia, kwetisebenti ye-United Kingdom, okuyiwona funa uwile ngokucijile ezweni ekhaya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nezikhulu Russian wenza Hughes eziningi izipesheli sasivumela imali eningi, okuyinto kulesi simo kubonakale kukhanga nakakhulu.

Qala imisebenzi eRussia

Ngakho, uJohane Hughes bacabangisise iphrojekthi Russian, okuyinto wathembisa inzuzo enkulu.

Ngo-1868 waya e-Russia, ukushiya umkakhe ezweni lawo, njengoba Yenqaba yaphetha ukuhambisa.

Into yokuqala Hughes atholwe ilungelo yamalahle ku umhlaba okwakungowomyeni Prince Paul Lieven. Ngawo lowo nyaka, usozimboni British, wathenga yokunivumela isebenze kule mboni Metallurgical esifundazweni Ekaterinburg ePrince Sergeya Kochubeya, wasiza yena Grand Duke Constantine, owayenguyise umfowabo uMbusi u-Alexander. Ngokusemthethweni deal yabhaliswa ngo-Ephreli ngawo lowo nyaka.

Ngakho, uJohane Hughes zalungiselela ukuthuthukiswa emikhulu steel ukukhiqizwa namalahle yimboni yetimayini.

umphakathi Novorossiysk

Kodwa ukuze uqale ukukhiqizwa, kudingeka utshalomali eside zezimali. John Hughes isinqumo ukuheha nabo ngokudala inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela. Ngalo, wayefuna ukuthumela inhlokodolobha British sokuthuthukiswa umkhakha eningizimu of the Empire, Russian. Inhlangano yabizwa ngokuthi "Novorossiysk Society", futhi uye ezikhethekile abatshali zimali ku Metallurgical zamalahle wesitimela ukukhiqizwa,. Register Umphakathi owawuse ngo-1869 e-London.

Umninimasheya eyinhloko inkampani waba ilungu lePhalamende LaseBrithani Deniel Guch, futhi inani eliphelele abahlanganyeli ifinyelele nesishiyagalolunye. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abaseRussia, ngokukhethekile, oshiwo ngenhla Sergey Kochubey futhi Pavel Philisa.

IDonetsk isizinda

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini ngonyaka John Hughes eyasungulwa IDonetsk. ukuphola eqondile yalo mcimbi ayikho, kodwa ubhekwa ngonyaka owasungula 1869 th, lapho "Novorossiysk Society" mayelana Oleksandrivka emzaneni yaqala ukwakha isitshalo Metallurgical. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona zokuhlala ukusebenza, okuyinto behlonipha Dzhona Yuza ngokuthi Yuzivka noma Yuzovo. Kule isiphetho, futhi ikhule idolobha lesimanje lase-IDonetsk.

Ekuqaleni Yuzivka tenements kwadingeka isimo uhulumeni kamasipala lula, futhi ngokwendawo kwakungekaNkulunkulu County sifundazwe Bahmutskiy Ekaterinoslav. On 1870 ke ababalwayo abakhileyo 164.

Khona-ke, ngo-1869 kwaba khona omunye emzaneni - Smolyanka. Eduze ke wakha sokukhanda nezimayini ezimbili okungewakho Hughes.

ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza

Nakuba ekuqaleni lesi sitshalo wayehlose ukuqala ngo-1870, kuphelile ukwakhiwa wokuqala kuqhuma esithandweni ngo-Ephreli 1871. Ngu-1872 isakhiwo ifektri laqedwa ngokuphelele. Wambalela eziyisishiyagalombili coke Ohhavini. Ekuqaleni 1872 waqala ukunyathelisa cast iron.

Abasebenzi embonini nje kuphela izifundo kaKesari isiRashiya, kodwa umuntu alekelelayo UK, okuyinto ngenxa crisis kwakukhona eziningi ezandleni zomuntu ongazange ayisebenzele. kwatheleka Ikakhulukazi ezinkulu zomsebenzi wayevela lwakubo Wales ngoba Hughes. abasebenzi abaningi British wahlala Yuzovka ikota, elibizwa ngokuthi ikoloni ngesiNgisi.

Uma ekuqaleni bahlakulele ukukhiqizwa kunzima ngempela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ifinyelele ngezabelo abalulekile. Hughes ifektri isibe omunye yezinkampani ezinkulu steel eMbusweni Russian.

Kodwa ngo-1880, kube athuma khona imboni ukwenziwa izitini refractory wethulwa. yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba kamuva, futhi waqala ukusebenza yensimbi Foundry futhi umshini wokwakha ibhizinisi. Nokho, kwaba kakade wezandla hhayi Hughes nezinye abakhiqizi - Gennefelda futhi Bosse. Noma kunjalo, kwaba John Hughes le ndoda, sibonga ngalo esifundeni ngokukhulu ukushesha basungula umkhakha.

Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezithuthi ekuthuthukiseni esifundeni ngo-1872 Konstantinovskaya ujantshi yaqalwa.

Hughes indlu

Ekuqaleni, uJohane Hughes wahlala ubuphansi bathengwa Umninindawo Smolyaninovo, lapho kwakukhona khona emzaneni Smolyanka. Indlu lapho babehlala khona, isakhiwo esifana eqhugwaneni Ukraine. Izindonga zawo zazenziwe adobe futhi uphahla ezenziwe we straw. Nokho, kuze kube manje lesi sakhiwo engakaze balondolozwa.

Inani emlandweni futhi yokwakha abalulekile enye indlu Dzhona Yuza. Yakhiwa Yuzovka ngqo usozimboni Welsh. Ukuqala ukwakhiwa kuthiwa walotshwa engxenyeni 1873 yesibili. Kakade phakathi konyaka ozayo indlu yakhiwa. Kwaba isakhiwo brick indaba nanye, obomvu kanye lalinabashumayeli amakamelo eziyisishiyagalombili. Uphahla laligcwele ngothayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlu adjoined ukumtshengisa izakhiwo eziningi uhlobo kwezomnotho, kusukela egumbini futhi kokuqeda isithumbanja. Ingadi kwaba on ifa. Futhi ababesendlini imfanelo Ezikhathini zanamuhla, namanzi negezi egijima.

Hughes House kwaba nengxenye ikhilomitha ibanga kusuka imboni yakhe.

Dzhona Yuza unkosikazi wathutha olusuka eNgilandi luya Yuzovka kamuva kakhulu umyeni wakhe, kakade lapho inxuluma lakhiwa. It akazange ivumelane ukubukeka kwakhe, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi le ndlu kwaba indaba nanye. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuba ngibuye ngilakhe sesibili.

Kodwa akukho project abaklami Russian yehlulekile ukwanelisa ukunambitheka Hughes umndeni, ngakho onguchwepheshe kwakuqashwa e-UK. Mayelana kanjani indlela obhekene emklamweni, kufakazelwa yiqiniso ukuthi ukusakaza phezu kweminyaka eminingana. Futhi ngo-1880, umsebenzi wokwakha kuphazamisekile ngenxa eziningana i-force majeure, okungukuthi kokufa indodana nomfazi Dzhona Yuza. Baphindela ukusebenza eminyakeni emithathu kuphela ngemva ukumiswa kwabo. Ngenxa yalokho, lo msebenzi waba uhlelo igama lesakhiwo esikulesi isitayela Renaissance.

Masinyane lokwakha lwaqala ngo-1887 yaphela ngemva kweminyaka emine, okungukuthi, ngemva kokufa Dzhona Yuza. Nhloko nomkakhe abazange baphile kuze kube isikhathi lapho endlini yagcina eyakhelwe. Nokho, amanye amalungu omkhaya wathuthela inxuluma ekwindla ka-1891. Babehlala endlini kuze 1903, khona-ke washiya le ndawo enhle.

Manje isakhiwo ukuthi yake emzini Hughes, ingenye ezikhangayo wokuhlobisa IDonetsk edolobheni, nakuba kuba ukuthi ayikho esimweni esihle. It etholakala ekhelini ul. Clinical, 15. Ukubukeka wanamuhla isakhiwo kungabonakala isithombe ngenhla.

ukufa

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, John Hughes (1814-1889) bafa ngaphambi kokuphothulwa ekhaya labo elisha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-Juni 1889, lapho Hughes kwaba enhlokodolobha yase-Russian Empire, eSt Petersburg. Ukufa yayifica yobudala semidesyatipyatiletnem ehhotela "Angleterre".

John Hughes ungcwatshwa izwe lakubo, UK, London West Norwood Amathuna.

umndeni

Manje ake sihlole kafushane ukuthi amanye amalungu omkhaya Hughes.

John Hughes wayeshade Elizabeth Lewis. Useke eside akazange alinge hambisa kwaseBrithani lakubo eningizimu Empire Russian. Kodwa ekugcineni walandela umyeni wakhe namadodana. Washona yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba, engakafi Dzhona Yuza ngoNovemba 1880.

Ngezinye Hughes umndeni kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa: amadodana akhe amahlanu mhlawumbe namadodakazi amabili. Indodakazi endala, uSara, u-Anne Hughes, emshadweni Lemon wazalwa ngo-1846 futhi wafa ngo-1929 e-London. Enye indodakazi - Margaret - wafa esemncane e Yuzovka. Ngo-1948 ethuneni lakhe wavulwa beguduza.

KwaRubhen amazibulo igama lomndeni kwaba Dzhon Dzheyms Hughes. Wazalwa ngo-1848 futhi wafa ngo-1917. Kwaba Dzhon Dzheyms, ngemva kokushona kukayise ngo-1889 waba inhloko yalawa umndeni Hughes.

Indodana yesibili, u-Arthur 'uHughes, owazalwa ngo-1852 futhi wafa, efana umfowabo, ngo-1917. Wayeshade Ogaste Dzheyms, oshadile onamadodakazi amane ababezelwe.

Ayvor Edvard, owazalwa ngo-1855, ukuthi uyindodana yesithathu Dzhona Yuza. Washona ngo-1917 e-London.

Enye ingane endlini kwakungu-Albert Hughes Evellin (b. 1857), owashona ngo-1907 e-London. Idodakazi yakhe Kira Hughes, oseshade iminyaka isakhamuzi sokuqala Russian Sergeem Bursakom, bese eyiNgisi Ambemarlem Blackwood. Kusukela kokubili imishado ayenakho izingane.

Abantwana abasebancane endlini uDavide Hughes futhi umshini Tudor.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Dzhona Yuza wayeyindodana engumlanjwana ka-Ivan, owazalwa ngo-1870 futhi wafa ngo-1910. Wayefanele izingane eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Passion Dzhona Yuza

Wozawoza Dzhona Yuza, ngaphezu ibhizinisi ekilasini ubunjiniyela, iye lokuqoqa. Ingxenye enkulu Engcebweni yakhe, wachitha ke ukuthenga ezihlukahlukene izinsalela ezibalulekile. Wayekhona ekukhulumisaneni njalo izitolo zayo Antique.

Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, uJohane 'uHughes bahlangana ngempela iqoqo umxhwele yezinto zakudala.

Ifa Elashiywa Dzhona Yuza

Kunzima overestimate ifa uyasala nguJohane Hughes. Waqale agqoke ithrekhi lezimboni laseDonetsk esifundeni, insimbi umkhakha, edlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izimayini zamalahle kanye ne-engineering. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi waziwa wesimanje yethu, njengoba umsunguli emzini laseDonetsk.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile ukusungula yokuthi intsha Dzhona Yuza, ukuphila kwakhe siqu, ugqozi lapho senza izinqumo ezibalulekile, sazi okuncane kakhulu.

Memory kaJohane Uzes

Phakathi nokuphila we usozimboni waseBrithani okuthiwa Hughes emzaneni ukusebenza waziwa khona, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo elaba isikhungo IDonetsk esifundeni. Ngu 1884 labantu kulo muzi has cishe izinkulungwane 5.5 abantu nge 1897 -... 29 ayizinkulungwane ngabantu nangokuhlala 1918 isivele inabantu 67 000 e Yuzovka.

Kodwa ngemva Okthoba Revolution lezi ziyingi uhulumeni ezama nakanjani ukuze afihle indima Hughes ekuthuthukiseni yesifunda, kusukela, ngokombono wabo, capitalists angaphandle bangakufanelekeli inkumbulo yabantu. Ngo-1924 kwanqunywa ukuqamba kabusha umuzi Yuzivka Stalino. Ngo-1961, idolobha atholwe igama layo lamanje - IDonetsk.

Ngemuva kokuwa umbuso zamaKhomanisi wenza reinterpretation okungenzeka esidlule. usozimboni British ekugcineni wakwazi ukuthatha indawo emlandweni wezwe, okuyinto emfanele. Ngo-September 2001, e-Voroshilov wesifunda laseDonetsk John Hughes yesikhumbuzo wavulwa. Umbhali lalokhu kudalwa - umqophi Ukrainian Alexander ngokushesha.