Natalia Goncharova-Pushkina-Lanskaya - biography namaqiniso athakazelisayo. Indaba yothando kaNatalika Goncharova noPushkin

U-Natalia Pushkina (Natalia Goncharova) ungomunye wabesifazane abambalwa baseRussia abenza imisebenzi yabo hhayi nje kuphela ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, kodwa naseminyakeni eminingi emva kokufa. Isithombe sakhe sihlabelelwa yizimbongi ezinkulu zaseRashiya, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo emehlweni amaningi futhi wayehlala imbangela yokufa komkakhe oqhakazile.

Umndeni

Umfazi wesikhathi esizayo ka-Alexander Pushkin wayeyindodakazi kaNikolai Goncharov. Okhokho bakhe babengabathengisi, abangaphansi kokubusa kuka-Elizabeth Petrovna abahloniphekile banikeza isinqumo esiphezulu. Njengoba eyedwa yindodana yabazali bakhe, uyise kaNataliya wathola imfundo enhle kakhulu, ngo-1804 wabhaliswa kwiKholeji yeZindaba Zangaphandle, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana, esethole isikhundla somhloli wokufundela, wathatha isikhundla sikaNobhala weMbusi waseMoscow.

Umkakhe - u-Natalia Ivanovna, no-Zagryazhskaya, wayeyintombikazi yenkantolo emkhosini. Kusukela emndenini wabo, izingane eziyisikhombisa zazalwa. U-Natalia Goncharova ungumntwana wesihlanu emndenini.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe uNatalika Goncharova wachitha emzaneni: okokuqala emzaneni wesifundazwe saseKarian Tambov, khona-ke e-Manor Yaropolets nasePolotnyany Zavod. Khona-ke umndeni wathuthela enhloko-dolobha.

U-Natalia Goncharova, njengabafowabo nodadewabo, wathola imfundo emihle yemakhaya. Izingane zazifundiswa umlando waseRussia nomhlaba, i-geography, izilimi zaseRussia neziFulentshi nezincwadi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uNataliya, owayengumncinyane kunodadewabo baseGoncharov, wayehle kakhulu. Ngokombiko wabantu abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo, odadewabo nabo babenomthelela okwanele, kodwa zonke lezi zintathu zasilimaza kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi - amantombazane ayengashadile, ngoba umkhulu wabo washaya wonke umndeni kanye nomthandi wakhe waseFrance futhi washiya indodana yakhe ngamacala kuphela.

Ukumaketha

U-Alexander Pushkin noNatalia Nikolayevna Goncharova bahlangana eMoscow, ekupheleni kuka-1828, ebholeni elinikezwa yinkosikazi yokudansa uJogel. Ubuhle nomusa wentombazane yenze umqondo ongenakulinganiswa kulo mbongi. Ezinyangeni ezine kamuva, uPushkin wamthanda wamcela izandla zabazali bakhe, ekhetha uFyodor Tolstoy njengomlamuleli, "uMelika."

UGoncharova, owokuqala, akazange amphike, kodwa akazange avume kulo mshado noma, ukugqugquzela isinqumo sakhe ngokuthi indodakazi yakhe isencane kakhulu ukuthola umndeni. Eqinisweni, cishe wayephupha iqembu eliqhakazile kakhulu likaNataliya, futhi akafuni ukungena ebuhlotsheni nomuntu okhululekile ongazange ajabulele indawo yendawo.

I-Pushkin yayikhathazekile kakhulu futhi ishiya inhliziyo enzima ebuthweni eCaucasus. Lapho ebuyela eMoscow ngoSepthemba, wagijima waya eGoncharov, lapho elinde khona ukwamukelwa okubandayo. Mhlawumbe, ngenkathi engekho imbongi, umamazana owayengase abe ngumkhwenyana wathola isimo sangempela sezimali zakhe futhi wafunda ngokulutha komyeni kumakhadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Natalia Ivanovna Goncharova wayezinikezele futhi wancenga umbusi owedlule, ngakho wathinteka kakhulu uPushkin, owayezama ukugxekeza inqubomgomo ka-Alexander's First noma ukukhohlisa labo ababonisa ukuzinikela okuphazamisayo. Kwabonakala sengathi imbongi ngeke iphumelele ekutholeni indawo yomntombazane, ihlakulele inhliziyo yakhe, futhi ayikwazi ukumbiza ngokuthi ngumkakhe.

Indaba yothando kaNatalika Goncharova noPushkin

Entwasahlobo ka-1830, u-Alexander Sergeevich wayeseSt. Petersburg. Ngomunye umuntu owaziwayo wafunda ukuthi amaGoncharovs ayekulungele ukuvumelana nomshado wakhe nendodakazi yabo. Wagijima eMoscow waphinda wenza isiphakamiso esamukelwayo. Abangane abaseduze bomndeni baphinde baqaphela ukuthi indima ebalulekile kule ndaba yadlala nguNatalie Goncharova ngokwakhe, owayesengumengameli ngaleso sikhathi.

Njengoba iPushkin yayingaphansi kokuqondisa, wayephoqelekile ukutshela uNkk Emperor Nicholas I mayelana nezenzo zakhe. Ephendula incwadi mayelana nesifiso sokushada, inkosikazi uBenckendorff yanikeza "ukwaneliseka okuhle", kodwa wathi wayehlose ukuqhubeka nokufundisa imbongi ngeseluleko.

Ukuzibandakanya

Umkhwenyana, kanye nomakoti, kanye nomamazala omusha, baya endaweni yePolotny Factory ukuze azethule enhloko yomndeni. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ehlangana nomkhwezala wakhe, ukusebenzisana kukaPushkin noGoncharova kwenzeka, kodwa lo mshado kwakufanele uhlehliswe ngenxa yezinkulumo zenkosikazi.

Umkhwekazi wami wahlukana nomkhwenyana wakhe, abangane abaningi babecabanga ukuthi lo mshado awusoze kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi kusukela ekufeni komalume kaVasily Lvovich, imbongi, akazange anikeze ithuba lokushada nabantu abasha kuze kube sekupheleni kokulila.

Umbongi uphoqelekile ukuba ashiye iBoldino futhi wahlala khona ngenxa yesifo sekholera. Ngaphambi kohambo, waphinde waphikisana noMadame Goncharova futhi kamuva wamloba incwadi, lapho ebika khona ukuthi indodakazi yakhe ingazibheka ngokuphelele, nakuba engeke ishade nanoma yimuphi omunye wesifazane. Ephendula, umakoti wamqinisekisa ngothando lwakhe, okuqinisekisile uPushkin.

Ngemuva kokuhlupheka okukhulu ngo-18 Febhuwari 1831, abasha babeshade ethempelini le-Ascension elikhulu, eyayisesangweni likaNicitsky.

Injabulo emfushane

Ngemva kwalokho, abaningi babengazi ukuthi uNatalia Goncharova wayethanda yini iPushkin. Nokho, imbongi ngokwakhe emva komshado wabhalela abangane ukuthi wayejabula kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni labo abasanda kushada bahlala eMoscow, kodwa bathuthela eTarsarse Selo, njengoba u-Alexander Sergeevich ezama ukuvikela umkakhe ngethonya lomkhwekazi wakhe.

Izimboni zenkondlo zokuhola impilo eyedwa ngaphandle kwezwe zavimbela ukufika lapho kumbusi, owenqume ukukhipha indlu kanye negceke kude nezinhloko, lapho ikholera yahlasela khona.

Ngolunye uhambo oluhamba phambili ePark of Tsarskoye Selo, abashadile basePushkin bahlangana noNicolai I nomkakhe ngengozi. Ummemezeli wabonisa ithemba lakhe lokuthi imbongi kanye noNataliya babezoba izivakashi njalo esigodlweni, futhi bamise usuku lapho owesifazane osemusha wayezomkhokhela.

ESt. Petersburg

Lapho ebuyela enhloko-dolobha, uNatalie Pushkina, okwenzeka ngaleso sikhathi wayengenandaba nanoma ubani, wamukelwa kahle emphakathini ophakeme. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi baphawula ukushisa nokuvimbela, okwakubangelwa ukunyanyiswa kwemvelo kowesifazane osemusha.

Ngo-May 19, 1832 emndenini wasePushkin wazalelwa indodakazi kaMariya wokuqala, futhi ngonyaka ozayo uNataliela Nikolaevna wabeka indodana ka-Alexander indodana yakhe.

Ukuphila enhloko-dolobha kwakudinga izindleko eziningi, futhi umndeni owandisiwe wawuhlale unesimo esimisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Pushkin wayebathanda ukugembula futhi wayevame ukulahlekelwa etafuleni lekhadi lakhe umholo wakhe, okwakungenakwanele ukukhokhela indlu.

Lesi simo sathuthuka cishe lapho odade abangashadile abashadile beya eNatalika. Babekhokha ingxenye yezindleko zokuqasha izindlu ezivela emalini abo. Ikakhulukazi, u-Ekaterina Goncharova wangena esikhundleni senkosikazi yehlonipho kuMpress futhi wathola umholo omuhle.

Ukukwazi noDantes

Ukuqokwa kwePushkin ekuthunyeleni i-junker, okuyinto imbongi eyibheka njengento yokuhlambalaza, kodwa kwakudingeka yamukele, yayicabanga ukuba khona kwakhe nomkakhe kuzo zonke izenzakalo zomphakathi ezigcinwe esigodlweni. Kwesinye salezi zinkampani kwakukhona umhlangano othakazelisayo, okushiwo yinoma yisiphi isichazamazwi sikaNatalia Goncharova ebhalwe ngabantu abaphila nabo, futhi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-1835 umlingani ka-Alexander Pushkin wahlangana nendodana eyamukelayo isithunywa seDashi eRussia - umgibeli wamahhashi uGeorges Dantes. Ngokusho kwabantu, ngaphambi kokuba bahlangane nalesi sikhulu esiphezulu emhlabeni, akukaze kube khona ukuhleba mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukuxhumana okwakhulunywa uNataliya Nikolaevna, nakuba wonke umuntu azi ukuthi uNikolay the First wayengamkhathaleli.

UGeorges Dantes akazange azifihle ukuthi uyathandana noGoncharov, futhi akazange akhathazeke ukutshela abangane bakhe ukuthi wayenethemba lokunqoba inhliziyo yakhe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uze wathinta abantu abajwayele ukuxhumana nabo u-Idaliy Poletika ukumema uNatalika Nikolaevna ekhaya lakhe bese ehamba ngenxa yezinsolo ezicacile ukuze kuthi, ashiye yedwa nabathandekayo bakhe, angayifinyelela. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, lo mhlangano wenziwa futhi waba esinye sezizathu ezenza iPushkin ihambise inselela kumuntu ongumFulentshi omuhle.

I-Duel nokufa komlingani wokuqala

Ngasekupheleni kuka 1836 uNatalie Nikolaevna noDantes bahlanganisa lonke iPetersburg, kwathi ngoNovemba 4, uPushkin nabangane bakhe bathola inkulumo engaziwa lapho imbongi eyanikezwa khona idiploma ye-cuckold. Umyeni onomhawu wawela entukuthelweni futhi wathumela inselelo kuDantes. Wayesebenza emakolishi, futhi uHecker Sr kuphela kuphela owayesekhaya. Wamukele ukushayela indodana yakhe, kodwa wacela ukuthola.

Efunda mayelana nenhloso kaPushkin yokuvikela udumo lwakhe, lo mFulentshi wavusa uCatherine Goncharova. Intombazane ejabule, ethandana nesiphathimandla esihle, hhayi nje yanika imvume yakhe, kodwa kanye noNatalia Nikolaevna nezinye izihlobo zaqala ukukholelwa imbongi ukuthi uDantes uhlangane namaGoncharovs ukuze abe eduze naye.

I-Pushkin ayikwazanga ukudubula nodadewabo omkhwenyana, ngakho wayishiya inselele. Nokho, ngemva komshado kaDantes noCatherine, amahemuhemu wenveli yakhe neGoncharova encane akayekanga.

NgoJanuwari 23 ebhola lo MFulentshi wabonisa ukungacabangi ngokuphathelene noPushkin. Njengoba, ngaphambi nje kokuba u-Alexander Sergeevich athembise uTsar ukuthi angayinaki inselele uDantes, wabe esebhalela uHeeckeren incwadi enzima. Uphoqelekile ukuba amphendule ngenselelo, kodwa akakwazanga ukulwa noPushkin ngenxa yesimo sakhe sokubamba iqhaza, ngakho wabe esenqotshwa yindodana yakhe yokutholwa.

Kakade akukho lutho olungavimbela losizi, kanti ngo-27 Januwari umlobi omkhulu futhi umoni wakhe uhlangane nodizi olubulalayo eMfuleni i-Black River. Ngenxa yokudubula kukaDantes, uPushkin walimala futhi wafa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili.

Ubufelokazi

U-Emperor Nicholas owokuQala wayenakekela umndeni wakwaPushkin. Wanikeza izimali zokukhokha izikweleti zakhe, wamisa umhlalaphansi kumfelokazi namadodakazi, wabhala amadodana akhe emakhasini, kanye nokwabiwa kokuqukethwe kwabo baze baqale ukuthola amaholo abo.

U-Natalia Nikolayevna wayengenaso isizathu sokuhlala eSt. Petersburg futhi washiya nezingane ePolotnyany Zavod. Ebuyela enhloko-dolobha, wahola impilo enokuthula yomama onobuhle futhi onakekelayo futhi waqala ukuvela enkantolo eminyakeni eyisithupha kuphela ngemva kokushona komyeni wakhe.

Umshado wesibili

Ebusika ngo-1844, umfelokazi wasePushkin wahlangana nomngani womfowabo uMaj-General Petr Lansky, owazinikela enkonzweni yakhe yonke futhi engakaze ashade eneminyaka engu-45. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva wanikeza isipho, futhi kungekudala uNatalia Nikolaevna Pushkina-Lanskaya-Goncharova waba yinkosikazi egcwele endlini yakhe.

Kulo mshado wabeletha amanye amadodakazi amathathu futhi wayejabule, nakuba ephawula ukuthi ebuhlotsheni bakhe nomyeni wakhe wesibili akukho uthando, okushiwo "ukuzwa ngokuthinta uthando".

U-Natalia Goncharova-Pushkina-Lanskaya wafa ngo-1863 eneminyaka engu-51 ubudala. Wangcwatshwa ku-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-14 wathola isiphephelo sakhe sokugcina nomyeni wakhe wesibili. Ingcwaba ayinakudonsela amehlo kulabo abangakwazi i-biography yalona wesifazane, ngoba ethuneni kukhona igama elilodwa kuphela - i-Lanskaya.

Manje uyazi i-biography egcwele ye-muse oyinhloko yombongi omkhulu waseRussia. Ebhekene nemibono yabantu abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-portraits ye-NN Goncharova-Pushkina-Lanskaya inika umqondo oqhelile wobuhle obuhle. Nokho, akazange amlethe injabulo.