Perm. Minerals (uhlu)

Impilo kwezomnotho zombuso ngamunye kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Lokunye lokubaluleke ngalokulinganako kukhona imitfombolusito siqu. Mineral izinqolobane ezidingekayo kunoma iyiphi emkhakheni wezimboni, lomtshikatshika yezolimo, ukwakhiwa. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusebenza izifunda ngazinye kuncike ukutholakala kwemithombo yemvelo kanye lemali yabo.

Inkambu yokuqala

Amaminerali enkulu Perm Krai ichaze kwenkululeko umsebenzi. Lapha ngenkuthalo Ngokuqhubeka ukuthuthukisa uwoyela Amasimu, usawoti, amadayimane, igolide, amalahle nokuningi.

Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi yokusesha ingcebo, eyanikelwa nemvelo - umsebenzi oyingozi futhi kanzima. Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, izisebenzi babehilelekile kokutholakala ore abafuna owabizelwa khona. Kodwa ezweni lanamuhla bekwi izazi zokuma komhlaba - Ochwepheshe nge ezingeni professional ukuqeqeshwa kanye neziqu.

Ezinye enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi kule Perm esifundeni lwafinyelela kusukela maphakathi nekhulu xv. isikhathi Geological ngokuthi "Perm", kwasho okutholakele lokuqala ensimini ka eside ezigcine le ndawo yamadwala. Lokhu sokunconywa kungokwalabo bomkhankaso Geological ngokwethembeka eyiNgisi Murchison, owakwazi ukuthola osebeni Yegoshikha alondoloza zemvelo ezibalulekile.

Perm usawoti ezifakwa

It kuvela ukuthi akekho noyedwa kulaba baholi izwe ku usawoti amasheya yiso esifundeni Perm. Minerals Verkhnekamsk ethulwa itshe, umanyolo ne-potassium ne-magnesium nosawoti. Ngaphakathi endaweni engaba Berezniki futhi Solikamsk ngesikhathi afika ku-600 metres izingqimba obukhulu usawoti ukujula zitholakala. Isendlalelo ubhedu siyitshe, futhi kwenzeka njengoba isiqephu Lesisemkhatsini. Ngemuva ke kukhona ungqimba potassium ne-magnesium, futhi nzima nje ukuya umanyolo kanye rock kwezakhi. Bayazidlalela, izazi zokuma komhlaba ezikubiza okwami "pie."

kwamiswa Verkhnekamsk usawoti ezifakwa iminyaka abangaphezu kwesigidi edlule. It kuvela ukuthi uma lapha yahanjelwa kolwandle. Ngenxa imithelela elangeni elishisayo asolwandle ukufuthelana kanye vaporized isikhathi eside. Ubuningi usawoti kancane kancane i Inani lamanzi lenyuka kakhulu futhi waqala buthelela ogxile phansi amatheku ezincane engajulile. Futhi lapho ulwandle wanyamalala ngokuphelele, endaweni yayo kwaba ukuqala kumiswa i komhlaba wendawo yokugcina izimpahla uzitholile nosawoti ahlukahlukene, ababethi ezihlukahlukene imibala, kusukela omhlophe emsulwa okukhanyayo.

Resources rock usawoti

ngokuvamile Rock Usawoti color pink yellow, ne uhlu oluphelele amaminerali Perm Territory kuhlanganisa zenyathi kungekho nto enemibala emihle futhi emsulwa lezi amasheya. Halite (okuthiwa usawoti ngale) ancibilikisa kalula emanzini, isetshenziswa abantu izidingo zazo zansuku zonke ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka ilandelana. Upper Cam izindawo lapho kugcwele khona ezakhelene nosawoti podstupayut komhlaba. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ombangela imithombo yemvelo kasawoti.

Amaphayona of the icala saltworks kwaba Kalinnikova yomthengisi mbhangqwana, abafika bevela Novgorod. Ethakazeliswe ingcebo ezweni Permian, baye asethuthukile isizinda usawoti eduze kwemifula Usolka Borovitsa, zakha imizi eminingana futhi kuhlomisa saltworks. Uma benza kwaziwe ukuthi ukubukeka edolobhaneni Sikasawoti Kama emhlabeni izindawo eyinhloko ukudoba Wawugujelwani ukuvela yedolobha lanamuhla Solikamsk.

Ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqizwa usawoti ekhulwini xv-XVI

Ngokuyinhloko, ukukhiqizwa usawoti kwaba brine ukudonsa kanye ukuhwamuka. Liphuzu lelibalulekile sikhathi ukuthi kusawoti kungenzeka kungabi lula ukuthenga. It angathengwa at intengo etholakalayo alulona olwawo wonke umuntu.

Ngokushesha Kama lidlule ku kwelifa loonyana nabanye abanikazi impahla engilamukele Ivana Groznogo sisekelo wasebukhosini evumela. Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XVI, abanikazi ezweni baphele abathengisi stroganoff ukubandakanyeka embonini. Njengoba usawoti isizinda ifinyelele ezingeni elisha lodumo wonke Perm esifundeni. Minerals ithengiswe ngaphakathi Russia bese zithunyelwa amazwe CIS. Intuthuko yomnotho endaweni waletha imali eningi futhi ongaphumelela ukuthuthukisa umkhakha.

"Permyak - ezindlebeni okunosawoti"

Ngesikhathi imali usawoti phezu izisebenzi eziningi ezilula Kwakuhileleke, okuyiwona isidlaliso liye lasinda kuze kube yilolu suku, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "Permyak - ezindlebeni okunosawoti". Call kubo eyaba isizathu. Iqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi emasimini Stroganov kukhanya kwakubizwa njengenkulumo, ngoba kuthinta hhayi nemiphumela ejabulisayo kakhulu abasebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa izikhwama eziningi kwezimpahla kabusha seeped uthuli usawoti. Empilweni yomuntu, njalo ehudula umthwalo emhlabeni, labonisa omubi: ezichitha adle esikhumbeni, izandla kanye izindlebe, khona-ke kwakufanele elibomvu futhi avuvukele.

Ukuze kuhlonishwe abantu ngokungenabugovu abahlanganyela kulo msebenzi, maphakathi Perm isethwe Permians lesikhumbuzo. Verkhnekamsk usawoti wahlala isikhathi eside usawoti shaker kuphela hhayi kuphela zonke izakhamuzi isiRashiya, kodwa futhi umthombo oyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa embonini chemical nobuchwepheshe ukudla. Nokho, nge kokutholakala Amasimu oholela kangcono esikhathini iVolga umcengezi amachibi saltworks umkhakha kakhulu wehlisa ijubane yabo kule Perm esifundeni.

Potassium ne-magnesium izinsiza

Ngemva kwesikhathi eside eduze Solikamsk Ryazantsev NP bathole ezifakwa potassium ne-magnesium nosawoti. Kwathi ezibalulekile zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba ukutholakala ngenkathi imishini emthonjeni, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaqanjwa ngomfazi owathola ULyudmila. Umbhangqwana eminyaka eduze Lyudmilinskoy isizukulwane izazi zokuma komhlaba bathole potassium usawoti pink umthunzi, egqoke ngokwesayensi igama sylvinite.

Phakathi nesifundo, abacwaningi bathola lesi siza bathola ukuthi ngokuchichima izidubedube bazokwazi ukuhlinzeka amaningi ingilazi, umanyolo fertilizer ngenxa umkhiqizo wezolimo we lonke Perm esifundeni. Minerals sekushoneni kwalo Onjiniyela wesifunda ethulwa kwenzeka esinye isimanga ngemva konyaka: ezingeni obukhulu usawoti itholakala ungqimba itshe kasawoti imali, ogama Ukwakheka kuhlanganisiwe magnesium.

Kusuka nosawoti enjalo amnyama obomvu okwengeziwe bakwazi ukuthola ongaphakeme ukuncibilika metal okuyinto esetshenziswa shipbuilding futhi izindiza ukwakhiwa.

Ukutholakala imali uwoyela

Uma ucabangela amaminerali usawoti lasePerm Krai (amanye izithombe eboniswe ngenhla), kufanele nakanjani ingasaphathwa ukutholakala ngephutha ukuba insimu uwoyela. Ukuze ukukhomba imingcele ayengaphansi expanses zasolwandle ithimba lezazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, zaphathwa Preobrazhenskiy P. I., ngo-1928 ngaphakathi emizaneni Verhnechusovskie uzibophezele search for ezengeziwe, yayingaziwa nhlobo ngaphezulu usawoti izinqolobane. Akekho ngisho kungaba ungacabangi ukuthi bathole indawo uwoyela imishini. Lapho ukuthi umsebenzi babema ngenxa yokuntuleka izimayini usawoti. Khonamanjalo isimo wenqaba ukuqeda imishini, banquma ukuba baqhubeke ukubhola kanye ushona ngokwengeziwe kahle.

Flair akazange ukudanisa Chief sokuma kwezwe - nge ka mayelana 330 amamitha ukujula got idwala, egcwele uwoyela. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, kwaba kakhulu phezulu ifilimu uwoyela. At the site womthombo lokuqala, wethiwa ngenhlonipho "ugogo", setha umbhoshongo. Isikhathi nesenzakalo wokuqala ukuze ifohle emthonjeni phansi isikhathi eside wahlala imemori zabantu, bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini tetemibhalo, ema-eseyi, Umlando.

Ukuthola the next ezifakwa uwoyela amaminerali we Perm esifundeni kwenzeka ngo-1934 Krasnokamsk. Lesi sikhathi, njengoba esikhathini sangaphambilini, akekho ngicabange ukuthi aphinde akuyona ngempela ukuthola okufunayo. Ngaphambi ukhubeke naphezu kwamafutha, edolobheni kuhlelwe ukuba bayamba entwasahlobo Artesian. Ngokushesha eduze izazi zokuma komhlaba wathola ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise Osinskoye, Chernushinskogo, Kuedinsky, Ohrid nabanye.

Coalfield ku Perm esifundeni

Mineral nomnotho esifundeni Perm (isithombe negama ngasinye ingatholakala nakomagazini ezikhethekile) ohlwini ayo kanye namalahle. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuze kube manje, the last amalahle kukhona enganele ukumboza izidingo ukukhiqizwa Kama, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, Kizel amalahle umcengezi onika fuel ukuze ingxenye esemqoka ye insimu Russian iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili.

It is lisetshenziswe iziteshi Ukushisa, izitshalo zezimboni, izitshalo steel kanye Ukushisa sabantu.

Isizinda of amatshe ayigugu kanye amatshe

Kwezinye izindawo namanje uya isizinda amadayimane eziyigugu. Atholakala yamadwala nasemigodini Stony placers emfuleni emikhawulweni. Advantageously, kulezi zindawo kukhona amatshe kungekho nto enemibala emihle, kodwa diamonds ngokuvamile atholakala imibala aphuzi futhi okwesibhakabhaka. Diamonds - amadayimane faceted. Lezi amagugu ezinamanani aphansi okusezingeni eliphezulu ikakhulukazi. Zisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela Jewelers ukudala yobuciko zabo. Diamonds Ngokuvamile izinqubo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngeke zikwazi ukuthi zenze ngaphandle imishini yamadwala kanzima, ingilazi ukucutshungulwa, metal namatshe.

Kuthiwa diamond Andrisi wafumana Permian serf umfana ka nane, Pasha Popov. Ngemva kwalokho, waklonyeliswa nge-freestyle njengoba Ngiyabonga ngokuba wathola into ebaluleke kakhulu. In the endaweni eyayiseduze echibini Vishera River, igolide misela sekudlule cishe ikhulu leminyaka. Amasimu yimpumelelo kakhulu ngokuthi Popovski egqumeni futhi Chuvalskoe.

Ezinye izinhlobo amaminerali

Ezinye izisetshenziswa esifundeni Perm kulinganiswa nenqwaba, eyothatha ekhulwini angaphezu kwelilodwa. Lezi zihlanganisa izinsiza Peat, okuyinto ngokusho kombiko kwangaphambilini Geological komyalelo wokungabi amathani kunezigidigidi ezimbalwa zezingosi. Peat lwaziswa hhayi kuphela njengoba uphethiloli kodwa Umanyolo ngokwemvelo izitshalo.

Futhi uzinake ukuthi ubumba, isihlabathi, limestone, Gypsum - umthombo ecebile ngokubhekisela Perm. Minerals bohlu ebalulekile. Basuke kabanzi ngesikhathi kwakhiwa.